{"id":2276,"date":"2012-01-04T13:10:34","date_gmt":"2012-01-04T12:10:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.art.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=128"},"modified":"2025-04-05T11:33:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T10:33:53","slug":"palms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2276","title":{"rendered":"1. Distribution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Citer cet article&nbsp;: CRP 2012. Description et caract\u00e9risation des palmiers du genre Phoenix: biog\u00e9ographie historique des palmiers subtropicaux.&nbsp;<\/strong>R\u00e9dacteur Robert CASTELLANA.&nbsp;Statut: compte-rendu de recherches. Edition en ligne<strong>.&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2276\">Lien<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sommaire des chapitres<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Introduction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afrique orientale<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afrique occidentale<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moyen Orient<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BIOGEOGRAPHIE HISTORIQUE DES PALMIERS SUBTROPICAUX: INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sommaire<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1. R\u00e9partition<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2. Recension<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3. Bibliographie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/carte-diffusion-phoenix-M.-Gros-Balthazard.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-7782\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/carte-diffusion-phoenix-M.-Gros-Balthazard-300x185.jpg\" alt=\"carte diffusion phoenix M. Gros-Balthazard\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/carte-diffusion-phoenix-M.-Gros-Balthazard-300x185.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/carte-diffusion-phoenix-M.-Gros-Balthazard-150x93.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/carte-diffusion-phoenix-M.-Gros-Balthazard-1024x632.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/carte-diffusion-phoenix-M.-Gros-Balthazard.jpg 1360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">La biog\u00e9ographie historique des palmiers subtropicaux de l&rsquo;Ancien Monde n\u00e9cessite de comprendre des \u00e9v\u00e9nements anciens datant de la p\u00e9riode Tertiaire et m\u00eame de la fin du Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9. En ce qui concerne le genre Phoenix, elle est d\u2019autant plus complexe que les diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces sont capables de s&rsquo;hybrider entre elles. L&rsquo;histoire de la diffusion du dattier des oasis, repr\u00e9sentant par excellence du monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, demeure mal connue.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-10946 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Muriel-GROS-BALTHAZARD-137x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"125\" height=\"137\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Muriel-GROS-BALTHAZARD-137x150.jpg 137w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Muriel-GROS-BALTHAZARD-274x300.jpg 274w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Muriel-GROS-BALTHAZARD.jpg 416w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px\" \/>En savoir plus: GROS-BALTHAZARD M.<\/strong> <strong>2012. Sur les origines, l&rsquo;histoire \u00e9volutive et biog\u00e9ographique du palmier-dattier (<em>Phoenix dactylifera L<\/em>.): l&rsquo;apport de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de la morphom\u00e9trie.<\/strong><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Link<\/strong>: <a title=\"Cette th\u00e8se porte sur l\u2019histoire \u00e9volutive et biog\u00e9ographique du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Elle a pour propos d\u2019\u00e9clairer les origines m\u00e9connues de la domestication de cette esp\u00e8ce, d\u2019une importance majeure pour les civilisations d\u2019Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient. L\u2019auteur a fait appel pour cela \u00e0 une m\u00e9thodologie originale, associant des analyses morphom\u00e9triques et g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques. Les donn\u00e9es arch\u00e9ologiques attestent de la pr\u00e9sence du palmier dattier d\u00e8s la fin du 4\u00e8me mill\u00e9naire avant notre \u00e8re, notamment sous la forme de graines. L\u2019analyse morphom\u00e9trique des contours de ces graines, men\u00e9e avec la m\u00e9thode des transform\u00e9es elliptiques de Fourier, compar\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019analyse g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des individus correspondants \u00e0 l\u2019aide de marqueurs ADN de type microsatellites, a concern\u00e9 un vaste \u00e9chantillon de palmiers du genre Phoenix. Elle a mis en \u00e9vidence une nette diff\u00e9renciation entre les individus sauvages et les individus cultiv\u00e9s. R\u00e9alis\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de s\u00e9quences chloroplastiques, une analyse phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tique du genre Phoenix a par ailleurs permis d\u2019identifier les parents proches du dattier. La combinaison de ces deux approches a conduit : * \u00e0 montrer que la domestication du palmier dattier a eu lieu dans deux foyers ind\u00e9pendants, situ\u00e9s en Afrique et au Moyen-Orient. * \u00e0 proposer une caract\u00e9risation permettant d\u2019identifier les populations de dattiers sauvages.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theses.fr\/2012MON20230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tesis<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"> Cette th\u00e8se porte sur l\u2019histoire \u00e9volutive et biog\u00e9ographique du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Elle a pour propos d\u2019\u00e9clairer les origines m\u00e9connues de la domestication de cette esp\u00e8ce, d\u2019une importance majeure pour les civilisations d\u2019Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient. L\u2019auteur a fait appel pour cela \u00e0 une m\u00e9thodologie originale, associant des analyses morphom\u00e9triques et g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques. Les donn\u00e9es arch\u00e9ologiques attestent de la pr\u00e9sence du palmier dattier d\u00e8s la fin du 4\u00e8me mill\u00e9naire avant notre \u00e8re, notamment sous la forme de graines. L\u2019analyse morphom\u00e9trique des contours de ces graines, men\u00e9e avec la m\u00e9thode des transform\u00e9es elliptiques de Fourier, compar\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019analyse g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des individus correspondants \u00e0 l\u2019aide de marqueurs ADN de type microsatellites, a concern\u00e9 un vaste \u00e9chantillon de palmiers du genre Phoenix. Elle a mis en \u00e9vidence une nette diff\u00e9renciation entre les individus sauvages et les individus cultiv\u00e9s. R\u00e9alis\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de s\u00e9quences chloroplastiques, une analyse phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tique du genre Phoenix a par ailleurs permis d\u2019identifier les parents proches du dattier. La combinaison de ces deux approches a conduit \u00e0 montrer que la domestication du palmier dattier a eu lieu dans deux foyers ind\u00e9pendants, situ\u00e9s en Afrique et au Moyen-Orient et \u00e0 proposer une caract\u00e9risation permettant d\u2019identifier les populations de dattiers sauvages.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Lire<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"> aussi notre page web consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;hybridation dans le genre Phoenix. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2302\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">listephoenix.com<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1.REPARTITION<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><b>Les diff\u00e9rents chapitres de cet article concernent les principales r\u00e9gions g\u00e9ographiques relatives \u00e0 la distribution du genre Phoenix soit la <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><b>m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif;\"><b style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 12px;\">, le moyen orient et <\/b><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><b>l\u2019Afrique<\/b><\/span><\/span><b style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 12px;\">.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2294\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MEDITERRANEAN.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">\u00a0Deux palmiers du genre <em>Phoenix<\/em> sont pr\u00e9sents en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e de haute antiquit\u00e9, <em>Phoenix theophrasti<\/em> qui est autochtone et <em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em>, introduit avant notre \u00e8re en provenance de l&rsquo;Orient. Il n&rsquo;est toutefois pas exclu que le palmier dattier soit lui aussi autochtone, le genre Phoenix \u00e9tant attest\u00e9 en Europe depuis plusieurs millions d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2296\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MIDDLE-EAST.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">\u00a0Les relations entre <em>Phoenix sylvestris<\/em>, <em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em> et <em>Phoenix loureiroi<\/em> sont actuellement \u00e9tudi\u00e9es au nord-ouest de l\u2019Inde et dans les r\u00e9gions voisines de la vall\u00e9e de l\u2019Indus, au Pakistan.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"> Le palmier autochtone Nannorhops ritchieana est \u00e9galement inclus dans ces recherches.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2295\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RED-SEA<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Cette vaste r\u00e9gion, qui borde la p\u00e9ninsule arabique, est particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressante en raison de la coexistence de plusieurs esp\u00e8ces du genre Phoenix\u00a0: <em>Phoenix reclinata<\/em>, <em>P. caespitosa<\/em>, et <em>P. dactylifera<\/em>, ce dernier probablement introduit. Deux autres palmiers autochtones sont \u00e9galement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tude : <em>Hyphaene thebaica<\/em> et <em>Livistona carinensis<\/em>.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2297\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WEST-AFRICA.<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">On d\u00e9signe sous le terme de Macaron\u00e9sie, un ensemble g\u00e9ographique regroupant les archipels des Canaries, de Mad\u00e8re, des A\u00e7ores et du Cap-Vert, situ\u00e9s sur la c\u00f4te atlantique de l&rsquo;Afrique, au large de la Mauritanie et du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Trois palmiers du genre <em>Phoenix<\/em> sont recens\u00e9s dans cette r\u00e9gion, <em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em>, <em>Phoenix canariensis<\/em> et <em>Phoenix atlantica<\/em>.\u00a0S&rsquo;il est bien \u00e9tabli que <em>P. canariensis<\/em> est une esp\u00e8ce end\u00e9mique tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e, l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 de <em>P. atlantica<\/em>, sa distribution insulaire et peut-\u00eatre continentale, ainsi que ses relations avec <em>P. dactylifera<\/em>, demeurent confuses.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>2.RECENSION<\/strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Le genre Phoenix est constitu\u00e9 de 14 esp\u00e8ces distribu\u00e9es des \u00eeles de l\u2019Atlantique \u00e0 travers l\u2019Afrique, le Sud de l\u2019Europe, le Moyen-Orient, et l\u2019Asie du Sud jusqu\u2019aux Philippines.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix<\/em> <em>acaulis<\/em> Roxb. (1820) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix andamanensis<\/em> S.Barrow (1998) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix atlantica<\/em> A.Chev. (1935)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix caespitosa<\/em> Chiov. (1929) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix canariensis<\/em> Chabaud (1882) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em> L. (1753) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix loureiroi <\/em>Kunth (1841) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix paludosa<\/em> Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1832 (1832) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix pusilla<\/em> Gaertn. (1788) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix reclinata<\/em> Jacq. (1801) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix roebelenii<\/em> O&rsquo;Brien (1889) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix rupicola<\/em> T.Anderson, J. Linn. Soc. (1869) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix sylvestris<\/em> (L.) Roxb. (1832) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*<em>Phoenix theophrasti<\/em> Greuter (1967)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">* Phoenix L. [Palmae-Coryphoideae-Phoeniceae]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Descriptions et mise \u00e0 jour<\/span>:<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/plantillustrations.org\/taxa.php?id_taxon=%2011205&amp;photo=1&amp;lay_out=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/plantillustrations.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>3. BIBLIOGRAPHIE<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>GENERALITES<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>MORICI C. <\/strong><strong>2004<\/strong>. <strong>Palmeras e islas, la insularidad en una de las familias mas diversas del reino vegetal. <\/strong>In: Ecolog\u00eda Insular, Asociaci\u00f3n Espanola de\u00a0Ecologia Terrestre (Aeet), pp. 81-122. Link\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/servlet\/articulo?codigo=3669340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/webpages.ull.es\/<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>SAPORTA G.D.<\/strong> <strong>1879<\/strong>. <strong>Le Monde des plantes avant l\u2019apparition de l\u2019homme.<\/strong> Paris, Masson, 1879, 416p. + tables. Link\u00a0:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k54403463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">DATE PALM (<em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em>)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>GROS-BALTHAZARD M., NEWTON C., IVORRA S., TENGBERG M., PINTAUD JC, TERRAL JF 2013. Origines et domestication du palmier dattier (<em>Phoenix dactylifera L.<\/em>) \u00c9tat de l&rsquo;art et perspectives d&rsquo;\u00e9tude. <\/strong>Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theses.fr\/2012MON20230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.theses.fr\/2012MON20230<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>BRUGGE N. 2012. The origin of date palms (<em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em>) in the Jebel Uweinat (Three-country corner of Libya-Egypt-Sudan). <\/strong>Link : <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.b14643.de\/Sahara\/Date-Palms_Djebel-Uweinat\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.b14643.de\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>JARADAT, A.A., 2011. BIODIVERSITY OF DATE PALM, Land Use, Land Cover and Soil Sciences.<\/strong> In: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Link: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/SP2UserFiles\/Place\/36450000\/Products-Reprints\/2011\/1579.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/<\/a><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ELSHIBLI S. 2009. Genetic Diversity and Adaptation of Date Palm (<em>Phoenix dactylifera L.<\/em>). <\/strong>University of Helsinki. Link :<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/325263786_Date_palm_Phoenix_dactyliferous_L_Genetic_Diversity_and_Conservation_under_Climate_Change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.doria.fi\/<\/a><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ZAID A., DE-WET P.F., 2002. ORIGIN, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF DATE PALM.<\/strong> Date Production Support Programme, FAO, DOCREP. Link : <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/DOCREP\/006\/Y4360E\/y4360e06.htm#TopOfPage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.fao.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>LEE D. R. 1963.\u00a0 Date Cultivation In The Coachella Valley, California. <\/strong>In\u00a0: The Ohio Journal Of Science 63 (2): 82, March, 1963. Link\u00a0:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/kb.osu.edu\/dspace\/bitstream\/handle\/1811\/4923\/V63N02_082.pdf;jsessionid=B8B3A4006897E76963118EBD42F366D1?sequence=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/kb.osu.edu\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>MUSSET R. 1927. Le domaine du palmier-dattier et ses exigences climatiques. <\/strong>In: Annales de G\u00e9ographie; France, vol 36, n\u00b0 199 , pp24-32. Link\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/web\/revues\/home\/prescript\/article\/geo_0003-4010_1927_num_36_199_8580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Citer cet article&nbsp;: CRP 2012. Description et caract\u00e9risation des palmiers du genre Phoenix: biog\u00e9ographie historique des palmiers subtropicaux.&nbsp;R\u00e9dacteur Robert CASTELLANA.&nbsp;Statut: compte-rendu de recherches. Edition en&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2276\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">1. Distribution<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2271,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2276","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2276"}],"version-history":[{"count":62,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13096,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2276\/revisions\/13096"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}