{"id":2294,"date":"2012-01-13T18:50:32","date_gmt":"2012-01-13T17:50:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.art.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=634"},"modified":"2025-04-03T10:32:22","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T09:32:22","slug":"mediterranean","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2294","title":{"rendered":"Mediterranee"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Citer cet article\u00a0: CRP 2012. Description et caract\u00e9risation des palmiers du genre Phoenix: biog\u00e9ographie historique des palmiers subtropicaux.\u00a0<\/strong>R\u00e9dacteur Robert CASTELLANA.\u00a0Statut: compte-rendu de recherches. Edition en ligne<strong>.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2276\">Lien<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2276\"><strong>HOME <\/strong><\/a>\/ <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2294\">MEDITERRANEAN<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong> \/ <\/strong><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2296\">MIDDLE-EAST<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong> \/ <\/strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2295\">RED-SEA<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong> \/ <\/strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2297\">WEST-AFRICA<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Deux palmiers du genre Phoenix sont pr\u00e9sents de haute antiquit\u00e9 en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, Phoenix theophrasti qui est autochtone et Phoenix dactylifera, introduit avant notre \u00e8re en provenance de l&rsquo;Orient. Il n&rsquo;est toutefois pas exclu que le palmier dattier soit lui aussi autochtone, le genre Phoenix \u00e9tant attest\u00e9 en Europe depuis plusieurs millions d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es. Les palmeraies marginales et spontan\u00e9es sont donc d&rsquo;un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la compr\u00e9hension de la biodiversit\u00e9 originelle du palmier en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. En ce qui concerne les r\u00e9gions de production datti\u00e8re, la diversit\u00e9 repose sur la s\u00e9lection de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s (dits \u00ab\u00a0cultivars\u00a0\u00bb). Deux modes de propagation traditionnels coexistent: la multiplication par graines, source de diversit\u00e9, et la multiplication par clonage, qui a conduit \u00e0 un appauvrissement de la diversit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-7839\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Med-map-Mer-Egee.jpg\" alt=\"Med-map-Mer-Egee\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">1. Phoenix theophrasti en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e orientale <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">SITUATION <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Ce palmier a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cemment (en 1967). Il s&rsquo;agit pourtant d&rsquo;un palmier autochtone. Son aire de r\u00e9partition concerne les c\u00f4tes et les \u00eeles de la Mer Eg\u00e9e (Gr\u00e8ce et Turquie). Il s&rsquo;agit de populations spontan\u00e9es, qui n&rsquo;ont jamais fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;aucune forme d&rsquo;exploitation.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">DIVERSITE <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Phoenix theophrasti pr\u00e9sente une grande diversit\u00e9 d&rsquo;habitats, allant des lagunes aux falaises.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>CONSERVATION <\/strong>Les principaux sites, Va\u00ef en Cr\u00e8te et Dat\u00e7a en Turquie, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de mesures de protection. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">La survie de Phoenix theophrasti est par contre extr\u00eamement menac\u00e9e dans les zones marginales de son habitat naturel.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-7840\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Med-map-Espagne.jpg\" alt=\"Med-map-Espagne\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">2. Phoenix dactylifera dans le sud de l\u2019Espagne <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>SITUATION <\/strong>Le palmier dattier passe pour avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit en Espagne \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque de la colonisation arabe dans la r\u00e9gion d&rsquo;Elche, laquelle abrite toujours une palmeraie compos\u00e9e d&rsquo;environ 200 000 arbres. Ces palmiers sont destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la production de feuilles destin\u00e9es aux c\u00e9r\u00e9monies religieuses juives et chr\u00e9tiennes du Soukkhot et de la P\u00e2ques. Il existe en Espagne d&rsquo;autres palmeraies de moindre importance. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>DIVERSITE <\/strong>Du point de vue g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, le site d&rsquo;Elche pr\u00e9sente des particularit\u00e9s originales, qu&rsquo;on ne retrouve nulle part. Elles ont conduit \u00e0 avancer l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se d&rsquo;une pr\u00e9sence de palmiers-dattiers autochtones en Espagne, sous la d\u00e9nomination de Phoenix iberica. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>CONSERVATION <\/strong>La palmeraie d&rsquo;Elche a \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrite au patrimoine mondial de l&rsquo;UNESCO. Dans le m\u00eame temps, la Estacion Phoenix de l&rsquo;INRA a conduit un important programme d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration vari\u00e9tale, qui a conduit \u00e0 la production de fruits de grande qualit\u00e9 dans la palmeraie.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-7841\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Med-map-Tunisie.jpg\" alt=\"Med-map-Tunisie\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">3. Phoenix dactylifera \u00e0 Gabes, Djerba et aux \u00eeles Kerkenah <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>SITUATION <\/strong>Avec plus de 300 000 palmiers dattiers, les palmeraies tunisiennes sont les plus importantes des palmeraies littorales m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, devant l&rsquo;Espagne. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>DIVERSITE <\/strong>Bien que les palmeraies littorales ne pr\u00e9sentent pas des conditions favorables pour la production datti\u00e8re, on a tout de m\u00eame recens\u00e9 plus d&rsquo;une centaine de cultivars dans ces r\u00e9gions, principalement \u00e0 Gab\u00e8s.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>CONSERVATION <\/strong>Les palmeraies littorales tunisiennes souffrent de la pression exerc\u00e9e par l&rsquo;urbanisation, et notamment par les d\u00e9veloppements des stations touristiques int\u00e9gr\u00e9es, comme \u00e0 Djerba.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">BIBLIOGRAPHIE<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">*Phoenix theophrasti en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e orientale<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>PALMPEDIA\u00a02014. <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Phoenix Theophrasti. Habitat, description, distribution and gallery<\/span>. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.palmpedia.net\/wiki\/Phoenix_theophrasti\">http:\/\/www.palmpedia.net\/wiki\/Phoenix_theophrasti<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>CASTELLANA R. 2012<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Phoenix theophrasti, les antiques palmeraies de la mer \u00c9g\u00e9e,<\/span> in Desmos, librairie hell\u00e9nique. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/CASTELLANA-R.-2012.-Phoenix-theophrasti-les-antiques-palmeraies-de-la-mer-\u00c9g\u00e9e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">desmos-grece<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>BOYDAK M., BARROW S. 1995<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">A New Locality for Phoenix in Turkey: Golkoy-Bodrum<\/span>, Principes,\u00a0 39(3), I995, pp. 117 -122. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.palms.org\/principes\/1995\/vol39n3p117-122.pdf\">http:\/\/www.palms.org\/principes\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">*Phoenix dactylifera dans le sud de l\u2019Espagne <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>GRACIA L., ORTIZ C. 2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">El Palmeral de Elche<\/span>. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/GRACIA-ORTIZ-2011-El-palmeral-de-Elche.pdf\">GRACIA ORTIZ 2011 <\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>INRA<\/strong> <strong>2007<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Des recherches pour la sauvegarde de la palmeraie de Elche et le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;agriculture oasienne r\u00e9compens\u00e9es.<\/span> Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.inra.fr\/toute_l_actu\/prix_et_distinctions\/2007\/des_recherches_pour_la_sauvegarde_de_la_palmeraie_de_elche_et_le_developpement_de_l_agriculture_oasienne_recompensees\">http:\/\/www.inra.fr\/<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">*Phoenix dactylifera \u00e0 Djerba, Gabes et aux \u00eeles Kerkenah <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>RHOUMA<\/strong> <strong>A., NASR N., BENSALAH M., ALLALA M.<\/strong> <strong>2005<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Analyse de la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du palmier dattier dans les Iles Kerkennah,<\/span> Centre de Recherches Ph\u0153nicicoles de l\u2019INRA Tunisie. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iresa.agrinet.tn\/announce\/rapportKerkennahbiodiversite.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iresa.agrinet.tn\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">*Phoenix dactylifera dans les r\u00e9gions de production datti\u00e8re<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>AN<\/strong>, <strong>2010<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Situation du secteur phoenicicole au Maroc et efforts de l&rsquo;Etat pour son d\u00e9veloppement<\/span>. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.agri-plus.net\/download\/SITUATION_DU_SECTEUR_PHOENICICOLE_AU_MAROC.pdf\">http:\/\/www.agri-plus.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Citer cet article\u00a0: CRP 2012. Description et caract\u00e9risation des palmiers du genre Phoenix: biog\u00e9ographie historique des palmiers subtropicaux.\u00a0R\u00e9dacteur Robert CASTELLANA.\u00a0Statut: compte-rendu de recherches. Edition en&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2294\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Mediterranee<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2276,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2294","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2294"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13047,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2294\/revisions\/13047"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}