{"id":2298,"date":"2012-01-14T12:47:15","date_gmt":"2012-01-14T11:47:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.art.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=693"},"modified":"2025-04-03T11:18:13","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T10:18:13","slug":"fourrier","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2298","title":{"rendered":"Graines"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Citer cet article\u00a0: CRP 2012. Description et caract\u00e9risation des palmiers du genre Phoenix: description morphologique des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s et architecture des plantes. Chapitre 4\/4: Analyse morphom\u00e9trique des graines.\u00a0<\/strong><\/strong>R\u00e9dacteur Robert CASTELLANA.\u00a0Statut: compte-rendu de recherches. Edition en ligne.\u00a0Lien<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\"seeds<\/a>Les vestiges de palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera<\/em>) sont relativement fr\u00e9quents sur les sites arch\u00e9ologiques. Ils comprennent des bases de stipes, des rachis de palmes, des folioles et des fibres utilis\u00e9s comme mat\u00e9riau, ainsi que des fruits et des graines. La graine est le mat\u00e9riel le plus abondant et le mieux conserv\u00e9 en contexte arch\u00e9ologique, sous forme dess\u00e9ch\u00e9e ou carbonis\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span> Faisant partie int\u00e9grante du fruit, la graine a certainement \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9e par les s\u00e9lections humaines relatives \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des qualit\u00e9s fruiti\u00e8res. Les recherches men\u00e9es par le Centre de Bio-Arch\u00e9ologie et d\u2019Ecologie (CBAE) de Montpellier visent \u00e0 la mise au point d\u2019un outil permettant, \u00e0 partir de la r\u00e9alisation d’un vaste \u00e9chantillon de graines portant sur l’ensemble du genre Phoenix: <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
– de distinguer les esp\u00e8ces de Phoenix pouvant co-exister dans certaines aires g\u00e9ographiques, <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
– de caract\u00e9riser la diversit\u00e9 actuelle chez le dattier et les groupes de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s, <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
– de discriminer les individus sauvages des domestiques dans la mesure o\u00f9 actuellement aucune population authentique de dattiers sauvages n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement identifi\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
M\u00c9THODES<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0ET COLLABORATIONS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
La m\u00e9thode retenue est la morphom\u00e9trie g\u00e9om\u00e9trique en 3 dimensions, qui permet de d\u00e9crire des changements de conformation d\u2019un objet, ici la graine de datte, en fonction de divers param\u00e8tres, comme la taille de l\u2019objet, des facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques ou environnementaux. Elle fait appel \u00e0 la description des contours par les transform\u00e9es elliptiques de Fourier (TEF). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>La constitution d\u2019une collection de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence a eu lieu en collaboration avec de nombreux partenaires des pays de production datti\u00e8re. Elle a permis de r\u00e9aliser: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
1) Des tests m\u00e9thodologiques portant sur: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
a) la variabilit\u00e9 morphologique des graines de dattes \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles : <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
* variabilit\u00e9 intra-individuelle (entre r\u00e9gimes), <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
* variabilit\u00e9 entre individus d\u2019une m\u00eame vari\u00e9t\u00e9, sans et avec variation des conditions de croissance. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
b) l\u2019influence des conditions de conservation, afin de pouvoir appliquer la m\u00e9thode \u00e0 du mat\u00e9riel arch\u00e9ologique soumis \u00e0 carbonisation et dessiccation. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
2) La comparaison des r\u00e9sultats avec ceux obtenus par g\u00e9notypage.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
BIBLIOGRAPHIE<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
GROS-BALTHAZARD M., NEWTON C., IVORRA S., PIERRE M.H., PINTAUD J.C., TERRAL J.F 2016. The Domestication Syndrome in Phoenix dactylifera Seeds: Toward the Identification of Wild Date Palm Populations.<\/strong> In\u00a0: PLoS ONE 11(3): e0152394. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0152394. Link: <\/span><\/span><\/span>\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n
BEECH M., SHEPHERD E. 2001. Archaeobotanical evidence for early date consumption on Dalma Island, United Arab Emirates. <\/strong>In: Antiquity 75\u00a0: 83-9. Link: <\/span>\/www.adias-uae.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
GROS-BALTHAZARD M.<\/strong> 2012. Sur les origines, l’histoire \u00e9volutive et biog\u00e9ographique du palmier-dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) : l’apport de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de la morphom\u00e9trie. <\/strong>Th\u00e8se, Un. Montpellier.<\/span><\/span> Link: \/www.biu-montpellier.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
MADDOURI S.S., AMIRI H., BELAIR A., NOURI N., 2000. Caract\u00e9risation elliptique par coefficients de Fourier du contour du script Arabe en vue de la normalisation des caract\u00e8res. <\/strong>In: Colloque International Francophone sur l\u2019Ecrit et le Document. Link:<\/span> \/www.loria.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
NESBIT M. 1993. Archaeobotanical evidence for early Dilmun diet at Sax, Bahrain. <\/strong>In: Arabian archeology and epigraphy, 28p. Link:<\/span> \/www.ancientgrains.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
NEWTON C., IVORRA S. and TERRAL J.F., 2008. De la diversit\u00e9 actuelle aux vestiges arch\u00e9ologiques du dattier : d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019analyse morphom\u00e9trique des graines de dattes. <\/strong>R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de la communication pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e au Colloque Dies Palmarum, Sanremo, Italy, 2008, 4p. Link:<\/span> Newton-Ivorra-Terral 2008<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
TERRAL J.F, NEWTON C., IVORRA S., GROS-BALTHAZARD M., DE MORAIS C.T., PICQ S.,\u00a0 TENGBERG M., PINTAUD J.C. 2012. \u00a0Insights into the historical biogeography of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera<\/em> L.) using geometric morphometry of modern and ancient seeds.<\/strong> In: Journal of Biogeography, Volume 39, Issue 5, pages 929\u2013941, May 2012. Link:<\/span> \/www.researchgate.net.\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
TERRAL J.F., IVORRA S., TITO C., NEWTON C., TENGBERG M. and PINTAUD J.C. 2010. De la diversit\u00e9 actuelle aux vestiges arch\u00e9ologiques du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.). D\u00e9veloppement de descripteurs g\u00e9om\u00e9triques des graines de dattes.<\/strong> In: Actes du 3e S\u00e9minaire AUF-BIOVEG, Biotechnologies du palmier dattier, Montpellier (France), 18-20 novembre 2008, pp. 127-137. Link: <\/span>\/horizon.documentation.ird.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Lire aussi notre page web consacr\u00e9e aux \u00e9tudes d’anthropologie relatives \u00e0 l’histoire de la palmiculture dans le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en:<\/strong><\/span> \/www.listephoenix.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Citer cet article\u00a0: CRP 2012. Description et caract\u00e9risation des palmiers du genre Phoenix: description morphologique des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s et architecture des plantes. Chapitre 4\/4: Analyse morphom\u00e9trique…<\/p>\n

Continue readingGraines<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2274,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2298","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2298"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13057,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2298\/revisions\/13057"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}