{"id":2302,"date":"2012-01-14T12:53:55","date_gmt":"2012-01-14T11:53:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.art.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=706"},"modified":"2025-04-06T11:57:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T10:57:15","slug":"hybridation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2302","title":{"rendered":"Hybridation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Citer cet article&nbsp;: CRP 2012. Description et caract\u00e9risation des palmiers du genre Phoenix: caract\u00e9risation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du genre Phoenix. Chapitre 3\/3: hybridation. &nbsp;<\/strong>R\u00e9dacteur Robert CASTELLANA.&nbsp;Statut: compte-rendu de recherches. Edition en ligne.<strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2272\">Lien<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SOMMAIRE DU CHAPITRE<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1. LE TERRAIN DE LA RIVIERA FRANCO-ITALIENNE<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2. ESSAI DE CARACT\u00c9RISATION PAR&nbsp;SPECTROM\u00c9TRIE<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3. BIBLIOGRAPHIE<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4. <\/strong><strong>ICONOGRAPHIE<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-roebelenii-x-dactylifera-Peru.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-7973\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-roebelenii-x-dactylifera-Peru.jpg\" alt=\"Hybrid Phoenix roebelenii x dactylifera Peru\" width=\"340\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-roebelenii-x-dactylifera-Peru.jpg 810w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-roebelenii-x-dactylifera-Peru-113x150.jpg 113w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-roebelenii-x-dactylifera-Peru-225x300.jpg 225w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-roebelenii-x-dactylifera-Peru-768x1024.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Illustration et commentaire par Jean Christophe Pintaud (IRD). \u00ab\u00a0Dans les villes d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du sud, les esp\u00e8ces de Phoenix les plus communes sont P. roebelenii, P. canariensis et P. dactylifera. Il en r\u00e9sulte de curieux hybrides entre l&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce naine P. roebelenii et les deux autres esp\u00e8ces de grand d\u00e9veloppement. Des hybrides entre P. canariensis et P. roebelenii ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s \u00e0 Medellin et Lima. Cette photo repr\u00e9sente la premi\u00e8re \u00e9vidence d&rsquo;un hybride P. roebelenii x dactylifera, d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s la morphologie (\u00e0 confirmer par g\u00e9notypage), dans le jardin public Yitzhak Rabin de Miraflores \u00e0 Lima (P\u00e9rou).<\/span>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">CHAPITRE 3\/3. Hybridation. Le genre Phoenix est constitu\u00e9 de 14 esp\u00e8ces, distribu\u00e9es \u00e0 travers l\u2019Afrique, le Sud de l\u2019Europe, le Moyen-Orient, et l\u2019Asie. Ces esp\u00e8ces \u00e9tant susceptibles de se polliniser mutuellement, des hybrides peuvent appara\u00eetre dans les zones de contact. La connaissance de la dynamique de l\u2019hybridation est donc essentielle pour comprendre l\u2019histoire et l\u2019avenir du genre. L&rsquo;intervention humaine joue un r\u00f4le important dans ce processus, qui fait l\u2019objet des recherches pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es ici, en collaboration avec divers instituts. <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">En savoir plus: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">d&rsquo;autres informations sur l&rsquo;hybridation se trouvent dans notre page web consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 la distribution du genre Phoenix. A Oman, on a ainsi pu caract\u00e9riser g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de dattier qui proviennent d\u2019hybridation avec Phoenix sylvestris r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019importation de pollen de Phoenix sylvestris d\u2019Inde. A Djibouti, on a par contre observ\u00e9 une situation de sympatrie naturelle entre Phoenix reclinata et P. caespitosa, sans intervention humaine. Les relations entre Phoenix sylvestris et P. dactylifera ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9es dans une zone de contact entre les deux esp\u00e8ces au nord-ouest de l\u2019Inde, ainsi que dans la vall\u00e9e de l\u2019Indus au Pakistan<\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Lien<\/strong>: <\/span><\/span><\/span><a title=\"A Oman, on a pu caract\u00e9riser g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de dattier qui proviennent d\u2019hybridation avec Phoenix sylvestris r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019importation de pollen de Phoenix sylvestris d\u2019Inde. A Djibouti, on a par contre observ\u00e9 une situation de sympatrie naturelle entre Phoenix reclinata et P. caespitosa, sans intervention humaine. Les relations entre Phoenix sylvestris et P. dactylifera ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9es dans une zone de contact entre les deux esp\u00e8ces au nord-ouest de l\u2019Inde, ainsi que dans la vall\u00e9e de l\u2019Indus au Pakistan.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2276\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">listephoenix.distribution<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>1.LE TERRAIN DE LA RIVIERA FRANCO-ITALIENNE<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Dactylifera-x-canariensis-Bordighera.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-7974\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Dactylifera-x-canariensis-Bordighera.jpg\" alt=\"Hybrid Dactylifera x canariensis Bordighera)\" width=\"363\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Dactylifera-x-canariensis-Bordighera.jpg 1440w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Dactylifera-x-canariensis-Bordighera-150x113.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Dactylifera-x-canariensis-Bordighera-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Dactylifera-x-canariensis-Bordighera-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Photo d\u2019un palmier hybride dactylifera x canariensis (Bordighera-Italie)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>La capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;hybridation intersp\u00e9cifique se manifeste tout particuli\u00e8rement dans les cultures ornementales, o\u00f9 plusieurs esp\u00e8ces sont mises en pr\u00e9sence et ensuite multipli\u00e9es sur place. Au bout de quelques g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, une diversit\u00e9 nouvelle finit par s\u2019organiser, d\u2019o\u00f9 \u00e9mergent des ph\u00e9notypes hybrides propres \u00e0 chaque lieu de culture. Une r\u00e9cente publication, accessible ci-dessous, vient de faire le point sur les m\u00e9thodes exp\u00e9riment\u00e9es, les donn\u00e9es recueillies \u00e0 ce jour et les perspectives de recherches futures.<\/strong> <strong>Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite <strong>sur le site de la Riviera italienne de Bordighera\/San Remo. Cette r\u00e9gion est en effet un site d&rsquo;acclimatation historique, marqu\u00e9 en particulier par les premi\u00e8res introductions in situ de Phoenix dactylifera (Moyen-Orient), P. canariensis (Iles Canaries), P. sylvestris (Inde) et P. reclinata (Afrique). <\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Lire l\u2019article: <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>BOURGUET S. 2013. Dynamique de l\u2019hybridation dans le genre <\/strong><em><strong>Phoenix <\/strong><\/em><strong>sur la Riviera italienne: caract\u00e9risation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et ph\u00e9notypique. <\/strong>Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, juin 2013, Master Biologie des Plantes et des Micro-organismes, Biotechnologies, Bioproc\u00e9d\u00e9s. <strong>Link<\/strong>:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/BOURGUET-S.-2013-Dynamique-de-l%E2%80%99hybridation-dans-le-genre-Phoenix-sur-la-Riviera-italienne.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">listephoenix.com<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>2.ESSAI DE CARACT\u00c9RISATION PAR\u00a0SPECTROM\u00c9TRIE<\/b><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/Spectrom\u00e8tre-portable.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-262\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/Spectrom\u00e8tre-portable.jpg\" alt=\"Spectrom\u00e8tre portable\" width=\"325\" height=\"269\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ill. Exemple de spectrom\u00e8tre portable utilis\u00e9 en d\u00e9marche qualit\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;industrie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Diverses \u00e9tudes consacr\u00e9es aux palmiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9gion de Bordighera et San Remo, deux villes situ\u00e9es <\/strong><strong>sur la Riviera italienne. De nombreux hybrides, de grande valeur ornementale, ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s dans les espaces verts de ces communes, o\u00f9 plusieurs esp\u00e8ces du genre se trouvent en proximit\u00e9. Le climat favorable de la zone a en effet permis l\u2019introduction d\u2019une grande diversit\u00e9 d\u2019esp\u00e8ces de palmiers, qui caract\u00e9risent aujourd\u2019hui le paysage en lui donnant une apparence tr\u00e8s exotique. Les recherches men\u00e9es dans ces r\u00e9gions, ont notamment permis de mettre en \u0153uvre un outil de caract\u00e9risation alternatif au g\u00e9notypage. Il repose sur les techniques de la Spectrom\u00e9trie dans le Proche Infra Rouge (SPIR).<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Lire\u00a0 l&rsquo;article: <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>BIDEL F. 2010<\/strong>. <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un outil de ph\u00e9notypage intra et intersp\u00e9cifique dans le genre Phoenix (Arecaceae) par spectrom\u00e9trie proche infrarouge (SPIR) sur \u00e9chantillons de poudres de feuilles. <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Caen &#8211; D\u00e9partement G\u00e9nie Biologique<\/span>. <strong>Link<\/strong>: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/BIDEL-2010-SPIR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BIDEL 2010 SPIR<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>3.BIBLIOGRAPHIE<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>BUSH C.S. 1973. The Palm <em>Butia Capitata<\/em> X <em>Arecastrum Romanzoffianum<\/em>. <\/strong>In: Florida State Horticultural Society, 1973: 470-473. Link:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/fshs.org\/proceedings-o\/1973-vol-86\/470-473%20%28BUSH%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.fshs.org<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>HODEL D.R. 2011. Hybrids in the Genus Syagrus. <\/strong>In: PALMS 55(3): 141\u2013154. Link:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.palms.org\/palmsjournal\/2011\/vol55n3p141-154.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.palms.org<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>HODEL D.R. 2011. A New Nothospecies and Two Cultivars for the Hybrids in Cultivation between <em>Butia odorata<\/em> and <em>Jubaea chilensis<\/em>.<\/strong> In: PALMS Vol. 55(2) : 62\u201371 2011. Link:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.palms.org\/palmsjournal\/2011\/v55n2p62-71.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.palms.org<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>HORMAZA P., FUQUEN E.M., ROMERO H.M. 2012. Phenology of the oil palm interspecific hybrid<em>Elaeis oleifera<\/em>\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0<em>Elaeis guineensis.<\/em> <\/strong>In: Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)\u00a0vol.69\u00a0no.4. Link:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/sa\/v69n4\/v69n4a07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.scielo.br<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>GOLDMAN, KLOOSTER, GRIFFITH, FAY, CHASE 2011. A preliminary evaluation of the ancestry of a putative Sabal hybrid (<em>Arecaceae Coryphoideae<\/em>), and the description of a new nothospecies, <em>Sabal \u00d7 brazoriensis<\/em>.<\/strong> In: Phytotaxa 27\u00a0 \u00a9 2011 Magnolia Press pp.1-18. Link:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mapress.com\/phytotaxa\/content\/2011\/f\/pt00027p025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.mapress.com<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>GONZALEZ-PEREZ M.A., SOSA P.A. 2009. Hybridization and Introgression Between the Endemic <em>Phoenix canariensis<\/em> and the Introduced<em> P. dactylifera <\/em>in the Canary Islands.<\/strong> In: The Open Forest Science Journal, 2009, 2, 78-85 Link:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/benthamopen.com\/contents\/pdf\/TOFSCIJ\/TOFSCIJ-2-78.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.benthamscience.com<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>GONZALEZ-PEREZ M.A., CAUJAPE-CASTELLS J., SOSA P.A. 2004. cwith Random Ampli\ufb01ed Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers.<\/strong> In: Plant Syst. Evol. 247: 165\u2013175 (2004). Link:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Pedro_Sosa\/publication\/225533642_Molecular_evidence_of_hybridisation_between_the_endemic_Phoenix_canariensis_and_the_widespread_P._dactylifera_with_Random_Amplified_Polymorphic_DNA_%28RAPD%29_markers\/links\/0deec52df02c85b3d2000000.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">researchagte.net<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>THOMAS, NG, CHAN 1970. Phyllotaxis in the Oil Palm Application in Selection of Interspecific \u00a0Hybrids. <\/strong>In: Ann. Bot.\u00a0 34,\u00a0 1025-35. Link: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/openagricola.nal.usda.gov\/Record\/CAIN719049349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">openagricola.nal.usda.gov<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>4.ICONOGRAPHIE<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Les palmiers hybrides : une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00e0 venir de plantes paysag\u00e8res?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">* Les palmiers hybrides peuvent d\u00e9tenir une fonctionnalit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e <em>h\u00e9t\u00e9rosis<\/em>, soit la tendance d&rsquo;un organisme m\u00e9tiss\u00e9 \u00e0 poss\u00e9der des qualit\u00e9s sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles de ses g\u00e9niteurs. Il existe 2 types g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de palmiers hybrides: inter g\u00e9n\u00e9rique et intersp\u00e9cifique, et au sein de ces hybrides 3 types qualifi\u00e9s de F1, F2 et Back Crossing.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">* Les hybrides interg\u00e9n\u00e9riques proviennent du croisement de deux parents d&rsquo;un genre botanique diff\u00e9rent. <em>Wodyetia bifurcata<\/em> a pu par exemple \u00eatre crois\u00e9 avec <em>Veitchia arecina<\/em>. Pour que 2 palmiers de genres diff\u00e9rents puissent s\u2019hybrider, les deux parents doivent toutefois avoir un nombre de chromosomes similaires au sein de leur ADN.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">* Les hybrides intersp\u00e9cifiques proviennent du croisement de deux parents d&rsquo;un m\u00eame genre botanique. <em>Dypsis leptocheilos<\/em> a pu par exemple \u00eatre crois\u00e9 avec <em>Dypsis decaryi<\/em>. Du fait que deux palmiers sont du m\u00eame genre (ici <em>Dypsis <\/em>et <em>Dypsis<\/em>), ils poss\u00e8dent en effet un nombre de chromosomes similaires n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 leur hybridation.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">* Les hybrides de type F1. Lorsqu\u2019un palmier est pollinis\u00e9 par un palmier d\u2019une autre esp\u00e8ce, et que la graine germe et se d\u00e9veloppe, ce palmier est qualifi\u00e9 d\u2019hybride F1.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">* Les hybrides de type F2. Lorsqu\u2019un hybride F1 grandit et atteint la maturit\u00e9 sexuelle, il peut produire une graine susceptible de germer. Elle donne alors naissance \u00e0 un hybride qualifi\u00e9 de F2. En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, l\u2019hybridation donne le jour \u00e0 une nouvelle lign\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">* Les hybrides de type Back Cross. On classe dans cette cat\u00e9gorie un palmier hybride pollinis\u00e9 par un palmier d\u2019une autre esp\u00e8ce, soit naturellement, soit artificiellement.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>En savoir plus <\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">: <\/span><a title=\"HYBRID PALMS- THE NEXT GENERATION IN LANDSCAPE PLANTS Hybrid palms have a feature called heterosis (the tendency of a crossbred organism to have qualities superior to those of either parent). There are two types of basic hybrid palms- intergeneric and interspecific. *INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS are created when two parents of a different genus are crossed.  For example, the common Foxtail Palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) can be crossed with the Sunshine Palm (Veitchia arecina) to create the Foxy Lady Palm (Wodveitchia) pictured to the right.  In order for two palms of different genus to be crossed, both parents must have a similar chromosome count within their DNA. *INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS are created when two parents within the same genus are crossed.  For example, the Teddy Bear Palm (Dypsis leptocheilos) can be crossed with the Triangle Palm (Dypsis decaryi) to create the Tri-Bear Palm (Dypsis leptocheilos x decaryi) pictured below.  Since both palms are of the same genus (Dypsis and Dypsis), they already have a similar chromosome count and hybridize readily. *F1 AND F2 HYBRIDS. If a palm tree is cross-pollinated by hand (Right Picture) and the resulting hybrid seed is sprouted and grown into a tree, this tree is known as a F1 hybrid.  If this F1 hybrid grows and reaches sexual maturity, it will produce its own seed (if it is monoecious; see above).  If this seed is successfully sprouted and grown, the resulting tree is known as an F2 hybrid.  Essentially, an F2 palm hybrid is one that was grown from seed collected off an existing hybrid.  *BACK-CROSSING. A hybrid palm (such as a Mule palm, or xButiagrus), can receive pollen from a donor that is flowering in close proximity.  This creates a back-cross.  For example, a Mule palm is a Butia x Syagrus (Jelly Palm crossed with a Queen Palm).  If this mule palm produces a flower cluster (inflorescence), it generally cannot pollinate itself (even though it has both sexes of flowers).  Thus, if a bee carries pollen from a nearby Queen Palm (Syagrus) and drops it on a female (pistillate) flower on the Mule Palm's inflorescence, the female flower may grow into a seed.  If this seed is sprouted and grown, the resulting tree would be a Butia x Syagrus x Syagrus.  This new back-cross should closely resemble a Queen Palm, but still have slight characteristics that resemble a Jelly Palm.  Conversely, the Mule Palm (Butia x Syagrus) can donate pollen to a third genus such as the Chilean Wine Palm (Jubaea chilensis) to create a Jubaea x (Butia x Syagrus), or a Jubutigrus.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.seabreezenurseries.com\/HybridPalmTreesModifyingNature.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">seabreezenurseries.com<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-reclinata-x-caespitosa-Djibouti.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 240px; float: left;\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-reclinata-x-caespitosa-Djibouti.jpg\" alt=\"Hybrid Phoenix reclinata x caespitosa Djibouti\" \/><\/a>Hybrid Phoenix reclinata x caespitosa Djibouti<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Phoenix reclinata<\/em> et <em>P. caespitosa<\/em> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 syst\u00e9matiquement trouv\u00e9s en association \u00e9troite \u00e0 Djibouti, sur tous les sites visit\u00e9s de la r\u00e9gion de Bankoual\u00e9, dans l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays, vers 600-900 m d\u2019altitude. Les hybrides spontan\u00e9s <em>Phoenix reclinata X caespitosa<\/em> pr\u00e9sentent un r\u00e9el int\u00e9r\u00eat ornemental, alliant une taille mod\u00e9r\u00e9e avec un feuillage fin et gracieux, l\u00e9g\u00e8rement glaucescent. Bien que la p\u00e9riode de floraison des deux esp\u00e8ces soit sensiblement d\u00e9cal\u00e9e, elles s\u2019hybrident manifestement. Cet exemple est particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressant pour comprendre l\u2019\u00e9volution du genre Phoenix, car il montre que des esp\u00e8ces peuvent s\u2019hybrider \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat naturel, et pas seulement \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une mise en contact par l\u2019entremise de l\u2019homme.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Mule-palm-x-Butiagrus-nabonnandii-Florida.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-7979\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Mule-palm-x-Butiagrus-nabonnandii-Florida.jpg\" alt=\"Hybrid Mule palm x Butiagrus nabonnandii Florida\" width=\"148\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Mule-palm-x-Butiagrus-nabonnandii-Florida.jpg 164w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Mule-palm-x-Butiagrus-nabonnandii-Florida-104x150.jpg 104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 148px) 100vw, 148px\" \/><\/span><\/a><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Les pr\u00e9curseurs<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong><a title=\"The Mule Palm, is the result of Butia capitata being pollinated by Syagrus romanzoffiania. The palm is sterile, hence its nickname the \u2018Mule palm\u2019, and all palms must be produced by painstaking hand pollination. Although nurseries and palm fanciers may deliberately create the cross, as Paul Nabonnand did early in the 20th century, these rare trees more often arise as accidental hybrids among seedlings planted where their parents (a Queen Palm, Syagrus romanzoffiana, and a Pindo Palm, Butia capitata) occur near one another.\" href=\"http:\/\/charlotte.ifas.ufl.edu\/horticulture\/mg\/newsletters\/MGNews--April2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hybrid Mule palm (Butia x Syagrus) nabonnandii<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Le palmier dit Mule Palm (en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux croisements de l\u2019\u00e2ne et du cheval qui a donn\u00e9 naissance au mulet), r\u00e9sulte du croisement de <em>Butia capitata<\/em> et de <em>Syagrus romanzoffiania<\/em>. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un hybride st\u00e9rile (d&rsquo;o\u00f9 son surnom de Mule palm), produit par Paul Nabonnand au tournant du 20e si\u00e8cle, sur la C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur. Parmi les rares sp\u00e9cimens de cet hybride historique, plusieurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 export\u00e9s aux Etats-Unis o\u00f9 ils sont largement cultiv\u00e9s et diffus\u00e9s. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-canariensis-\u00d7-Phoenix-reclinata-Jacq.-\u00d7-Phoenix-roebelenii.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-7983\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-canariensis-\u00d7-Phoenix-reclinata-Jacq.-\u00d7-Phoenix-roebelenii.jpg\" alt=\"Hybrid (Phoenix canariensis \u00d7 Phoenix reclinata Jacq.) \u00d7 Phoenix roebelenii\" width=\"155\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-canariensis-\u00d7-Phoenix-reclinata-Jacq.-\u00d7-Phoenix-roebelenii.jpg 538w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-canariensis-\u00d7-Phoenix-reclinata-Jacq.-\u00d7-Phoenix-roebelenii-107x150.jpg 107w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Hybrid-Phoenix-canariensis-\u00d7-Phoenix-reclinata-Jacq.-\u00d7-Phoenix-roebelenii-215x300.jpg 215w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Phoenix \u00d7 nabonnandii P. Nabonnand <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">(<em>Phoenix canariensis<\/em> Chab. \u00d7 <em>Phoenix reclinata<\/em> Jacq.) \u00d7 <em>Phoenix roebeleni<\/em>i O\u2019Brien <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Il s\u2019agit de l\u2019un des premiers palmiers hybrides. Comme le Mule palm (ou Butyagrus), il a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Paul Nabonnand en deux temps, entre la fin du 19\u00b0si\u00e8cle (<em>Phoenix canariensis<\/em> Chab. \u00d7 <em>Phoenix reclinata<\/em> Jacq.) et le d\u00e9but du 20\u00b0 si\u00e8cle (\u00d7 <em>Phoenix roebelenii<\/em>) dans sa p\u00e9pini\u00e8re de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur. Illustration extraite de TOURNAY F. 2009. Nabonnand\u2019s Palms. In: PALMS Vol. 53(3).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Butia-capitata-x-Cocos-nucifera.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7984\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Butia-capitata-x-Cocos-nucifera.jpg\" alt=\"Butia capitata x Cocos nucifera\" width=\"168\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Butia-capitata-x-Cocos-nucifera.jpg 350w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Butia-capitata-x-Cocos-nucifera-112x150.jpg 112w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Butia-capitata-x-Cocos-nucifera-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 168px) 100vw, 168px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seabreezenurseries.com\/HybridPalmTreesModifyingNature.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A suspected <em>Butia capitata<\/em> x <em>Cocos nucifera<\/em> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">If this hybrid is confirmed, it will be the first time in history the Coconut Palm has been crossed with another genus (Butia).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Butia-x-parajubaea-cocoides.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7985\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Butia-x-parajubaea-cocoides.jpg\" alt=\"Butia x parajubaea cocoides\" width=\"261\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Butia-x-parajubaea-cocoides.jpg 907w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Butia-x-parajubaea-cocoides-150x112.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Butia-x-parajubaea-cocoides-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.palmtalk.org\/forum\/index.php?\/topic\/25339-picture-of-a-perfect-hybrid-butia-x-parajubaea-cocoides\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Butia capitata<\/em> x <em>parajubaea cocoides<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Phoenix-roebellini-x-Phoenix-rupicola.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7986\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Phoenix-roebellini-x-Phoenix-rupicola.jpg\" alt=\"Phoenix roebellini x Phoenix rupicola\" width=\"249\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Phoenix-roebellini-x-Phoenix-rupicola.jpg 640w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Phoenix-roebellini-x-Phoenix-rupicola-150x113.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Phoenix-roebellini-x-Phoenix-rupicola-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 249px) 100vw, 249px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.junglejacksthailand.com\/palms.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Phoenix roebellini<\/em> x <em>Phoenix rupicola<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Citer cet article&nbsp;: CRP 2012. Description et caract\u00e9risation des palmiers du genre Phoenix: caract\u00e9risation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du genre Phoenix. Chapitre 3\/3: hybridation. &nbsp;R\u00e9dacteur Robert CASTELLANA.&nbsp;Statut: compte-rendu&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2302\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Hybridation<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2272,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2302","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2302"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2302\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13141,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2302\/revisions\/13141"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}