{"id":538,"date":"2012-01-09T18:58:07","date_gmt":"2012-01-09T17:58:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.art.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=538"},"modified":"2025-04-06T13:38:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T12:38:00","slug":"greece","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=538","title":{"rendered":"2. Grece"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Citer cet article: CASTELLANA Robert 2014. Les traditions religieuses des palmes dans le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en. Chapitre 2\/5\u00a0: Gr\u00e8ce. CRP ed. Publication en ligne. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2277\">Lien<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Grece-Delos-Apollo-Artemis-ca-450-BC.-Musee-archeologique-national-de-Madrid.jpg\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5514\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Grece-Delos-Apollo-Artemis-ca-450-BC.-Musee-archeologique-national-de-Madrid.jpg\" alt=\"Grece Delos Apollo Artemis ca 450 BC. Musee archeologique national de Madrid\" width=\"350\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Grece-Delos-Apollo-Artemis-ca-450-BC.-Musee-archeologique-national-de-Madrid.jpg 1620w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Grece-Delos-Apollo-Artemis-ca-450-BC.-Musee-archeologique-national-de-Madrid-150x100.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Grece-Delos-Apollo-Artemis-ca-450-BC.-Musee-archeologique-national-de-Madrid-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Grece-Delos-Apollo-Artemis-ca-450-BC.-Musee-archeologique-national-de-Madrid-1024x682.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a>Greece (Delos): Apollon et Artemis. Cratere du Peintre de Comacchio (ca 450 B.C.) Musee archeologique national de Madrid.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>La place du palmier-dattier dans l\u2019art, les rituels et la mythologie du monde gr\u00e9co-romain pose un probl\u00e8me, du fait de l\u2019absence de cet arbre en Gr\u00e8ce comme en Italie. C\u2019est par ailleurs tardivement, que la civilisation grecque se d\u00e9veloppe en direction de l\u2019Egypte et de l\u2019Orient. Il existait certes une esp\u00e8ce autochtone, le palmier nain, Chamaerops humilis, mais il ne correspond pas aux repr\u00e9sentations dont nous avons connaissance. La d\u00e9couverte r\u00e9cente d&rsquo;un second palmier autochtone, Phoenix theophrasti, pr\u00e9sent de longue date dans les parties m\u00e9ridionales et orientales de la mer Eg\u00e9e, laisse penser qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agirait l\u00e0 du palmier dont attestent les traditions les plus anciennes du monde hell\u00e9nique.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>MYTHOLOGIE<\/strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Lire l\u2019article <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>AMANDRY<\/strong> Pierre, <strong>1954<\/strong>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Notes de topographie et d&rsquo;architecture delphiques. Le palmier en bronze de l\u2019Eurymedon.<\/strong> <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">In: Bulletin de correspondance hell\u00e9nique, Vol. 78, No 1, p. 295-315. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Link: <\/strong><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/web\/revues\/home\/prescript\/article\/bch_0007-4217_1954_num_78_1_4564\">http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Le palmier est pr\u00e9sent de tr\u00e8s haute antiquit\u00e9 dans la mythologie grecque, d\u00e8s l\u2019Odyss\u00e9e d\u2019Hom\u00e8re (ca 800 BC) et l\u2019Hymne hom\u00e9rique d\u2019Apollon. Ce dernier nous apprend ainsi que \u00ablorsque Latone, la d\u00e9esse qui pr\u00e9side aux enfantements arrive \u00e0 D\u00e9los, elle \u00e9prouve les plus vives douleurs; pr\u00e8s d\u2019accoucher, elle entoure de ses bras un palmier\u00bb. Apollon est par ailleurs repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 avec Latone et Artemis devant le palmier sacr\u00e9 de D\u00e9los, ainsi qu\u2019avec Dionysos devant le palmier sacr\u00e9 de Delphes. On trouve aussi, dans les temples grecs les plus anciens, des palmiers en bronze, lesquels font penser aux colonnes palmiformes des temples \u00e9gyptiens. Pausanias estime (tardivement), que le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre chapiteau ionique aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 originellement une colonne en forme de palmier, dont atteste une illustration exemplaire en Crete, dite \u00e9olienne. <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>RITUELS<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Lire l\u2019article <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>KEFALIDOU<\/strong> Eurydice, <strong>2009<\/strong>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>The plants of victory in ancient Greece and Rome.<\/strong> <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">In: Plants and Culture seeds of the cultural heritage of Europe, Edipuglia. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Link: <\/strong><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.plants-culture.unimore.it\/book\/04%20Kefalidou.pdf\">http:\/\/www.plants-culture.unimore.it\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">La pr\u00e9sence des deux grandes valeurs \u00e9gyptiennes du palmier, insigne royal et embl\u00e8me mortuaire dans la Gr\u00e8ce Antique comme \u00e0 Rome, laisse penser \u00e0 une influence orientale contemporaine des d\u00e9veloppements de la civilisation grecque vers ces r\u00e9gions. Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 en effet d\u2019un usage tardif, mentionn\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois vers 400 BC. Les palmes figurent ainsi sur les vases ou dans les n\u00e9cropoles gr\u00e9co-romaines, lors des processions fun\u00e9raires. Elles sont aussi repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans l\u2019art antique comme symbole de victoire, couronnant les vainqueurs des jeux et des guerres. Sur des st\u00e8les d\u2019\u00e9poque gr\u00e9co-romaine, d\u00e9couvertes dans des sites de Tunisie et d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, on trouve deux divinit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la mort et \u00e0 la f\u00e9condit\u00e9, Saturne entour\u00e9 de palmiers et d\u2019animaux, et Tych\u00e9 portant le rameau de palmier et la gerbe d\u2019\u00e9pis. Ces deux aspects vont s\u2019affirmer avec l\u2019irruption du christianisme dans le monde antique, lorsque le Christ est accueilli \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem avec des palmes au titre de \u00ab\u00a0Roi\u00a0\u00bb messianique des Juifs, puis par les repr\u00e9sentations des martyrs chr\u00e9tiens, o\u00f9 les palmes signifient \u00e0 la fois la mort du saint et sa r\u00e9compense c\u00e9leste. <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>BIBLIOGRAPHIE<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>CASTELLANA <\/strong>R., <strong>2012<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Phoenix theophrasti, les antiques palmeraies de la mer \u00c9g\u00e9e<\/span>, in Desmos, librairie hell\u00e9nique. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/CASTELLANA-R.-2012.-Phoenix-theophrasti-les-antiques-palmeraies-de-la-mer-%C3%89g%C3%A9e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.desmos-grece.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>KEFALIDOU <\/strong>E., <strong>2009<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">The plants of victory in ancient Greece and Rome, <\/span>In: Plants and Culture seeds of the cultural heritage of Europe, Edipuglia. Link: <\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.plants-culture.unimore.it\/book\/04%20Kefalidou.pdf\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">http:\/\/www.plants-culture.unimore.it\/<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>CLAVEL-LEVEQUE<\/strong> M. <strong>1997<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ma\u00eetrise de l&rsquo;eau, am\u00e9nagement des parcellaires et dynamique agraire. L&rsquo;apport du paysage de l&rsquo;oasis de Douch<\/span>. In: Dialogues d&rsquo;histoire ancienne. Vol. 23 N\u00b02, 1997. pp. 233-237. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/web\/revues\/home\/prescript\/article\/dha_0755-7256_1997_num_23_2_2636\">http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>BENSEDDIK <\/strong>N.D., <strong>1984<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Un nouveau t\u00e9moignage du culte de Tanit-Caelestis \u00e0 Cherchel?,<\/span> In: Antiquit\u00e9s africaines, 20, 1984. pp 175-181. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/web\/revues\/home\/prescript\/article\/antaf_0066-4871_1984_num_20_1_1104\">http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/web\/revues\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>AMANDRY <\/strong>P. <strong>1954<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Notes de topographie et d&rsquo;architecture delphiques. Le palmier en bronze de l\u2019Eurymedon,<\/span> in Bulletin de correspondance hell\u00e9nique, Vol. 78, No 1, p. 295-315 Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/web\/revues\/home\/prescript\/article\/bch_0007-4217_1954_num_78_1_4564\">http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>DEONNA <\/strong>W. <strong>1951<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">L&rsquo;ex-voto de Cyps\u00e9los \u00e0 Delphes : le symbolisme du palmier et des grenouilles (premier article),<\/span> Revue de l&rsquo;histoire des religions, 139-2, 162-207. Link: <\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/web\/revues\/home\/prescript\/article\/rhr_0035-1423_1951_num_139_2_5803 \"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/ <\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>DEONNA <\/strong>W. <strong>1951.<\/strong> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">L&rsquo;ex-voto de Cyps\u00e9los \u00e0 Delphes : le symbolisme du palmier et des grenouilles (second et dernier article)<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. <\/span>In: Revue de l&rsquo;histoire des religions, 140-1, 5-58. Link: <\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/web\/revues\/home\/prescript\/article\/rhr_0035-1423_1951_num_140_1_5816 \"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">http:\/\/www.persee.fr\/ <\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Citer cet article: CASTELLANA Robert 2014. Les traditions religieuses des palmes dans le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en. Chapitre 2\/5\u00a0: Gr\u00e8ce. CRP ed. Publication en ligne. Lien Greece&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=538\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">2. Grece<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2277,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-538","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=538"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13166,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/538\/revisions\/13166"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}