{"id":6512,"date":"2013-12-21T14:41:04","date_gmt":"2013-12-21T13:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?p=6512"},"modified":"2021-06-13T12:44:12","modified_gmt":"2021-06-13T11:44:12","slug":"news-letter-decembre-2013","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?p=6512","title":{"rendered":"DIES PALMARUM 2013"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/SanRemo-Giardini-Affiche-1920.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-6515\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/SanRemo-Giardini-Affiche-1920-104x150.jpg\" alt=\"SanRemo Giardini Affiche 1920\" width=\"255\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/SanRemo-Giardini-Affiche-1920-104x150.jpg 104w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/SanRemo-Giardini-Affiche-1920-208x300.jpg 208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">En savoir plus sur le<em> Dies Palmarum<\/em> et les traditions religieuses des palmiers dans le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en: <strong>Robert CASTELLANA 2000. Culture, Introduction et Diffusion de Plantes \u00e0 Usages Rituels en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Occidentale.<\/strong> Actes des quatri\u00e8mes Journ\u00e9es universitaires corses de Nice, 7-9 novembre 1998 [organis\u00e9s par le] Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes corses de Nice (CECN). \u2013 Nice : Universit\u00e9 de Nice, 2000 (06-Nice : Impr. Facult\u00e9 des lettres). \u2013 176 p., ill. ; 29 cm. Textes des communications en fran\u00e7ais et en corse. \u2013 Notes bibliogr. \u2013 DL 01-14093 (D1). \u2013 944.99. \u2013 ISBN 2-9508315-2-4. pp. 115-127. <strong>Lire en ligne:<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=10256\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=10256<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Notre dossier:<\/strong> <\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=5258\">orient<\/a><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\">&#8211;<\/span><a style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=5386\">\u00e9gypte<\/a><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\">&#8211;<\/span><a style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=5261\">gr\u00e8ce<\/a><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\">&#8211;<\/span><a style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=386\">\u00e9thiopie<\/a><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\">&#8211;<\/span><a style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2289\">rome<\/a><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\">&#8211;<\/span><a style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=531\">espagne<\/a><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\">&#8211;<\/span><a style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2288\">ligurie<\/a><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\">&#8211;<\/span><a style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2290\">sardaigne<\/a><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\">&#8211;<\/span><a style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2291\">corse<\/a><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\">&#8211;<\/span><a style=\"font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=2292\">france<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Illustration:<\/strong> Promotion touristique des palmiers de Sanremo en 1920. Sanremo fait partie depuis d\u00e9cembre 2013 des zones dites de &lsquo;confinement&rsquo;, zones dans lesquelles l&rsquo;infestation des palmiers par le charan\u00e7on rouge est d\u00e9sormais consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme irr\u00e9versible par les <a title=\"Bolletino Ufficiale Regione Liguria 2013 (12). Diffusione in Liguria del punteruolo rosso delle palme (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.regione.liguria.it\/archivi\/archivio-allegati\/doc_download\/11576-bollettino-ufficiale-della-regione-liguria-n51-del-18-dicembre-2013-parte-ii.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Services Phytosanitaires R\u00e9gionaux<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><b style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Au sommaire de cette derni\u00e8re news-letter de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, voici un compte-rendu de la Biennale du <\/b><em style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold;\">Dies Palmarum<\/em><b style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">, organis\u00e9e du 6 au 8 d\u00e9cembre \u00e0 Sanremo par le Centro Studi e Ricerche per le Palme (CSRP) en collaboration avec les responsables du Projet Phoenix Jean Christophe Pintaud et Robert Castellana. Le palmier-dattier a \u00e9t\u00e9 au centre des communications pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es, en mati\u00e8re de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique comme d\u2019agronomie, en lien avec les principaux <\/b><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><b>partenaires, chercheurs<\/b><\/span><\/span><b style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\"> et collaborateurs du Projet Phoenix. L\u2019anthropologie a elle aussi occup\u00e9 une place importante dans ce colloque, avec la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019artisans en provenance du pourtour m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, d\u2019historiens et d\u2019arch\u00e9ologues. La Biennale s\u2019est toutefois d\u00e9roul\u00e9e dans le contexte pr\u00e9occupant de la progression du ravageur des palmiers, <\/b><em style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold;\">Rhynchophorus ferrugineu<\/em><b style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">s, lequel menace d\u00e9sormais les palmeraies ornementales comme les cultures vivri\u00e8res de l\u2019ensemble du monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en. La situation est particuli\u00e8rement grave dans la r\u00e9gion de Sanremo, o\u00f9 les mesures obligatoires de lutte phytosanitaire n&rsquo;ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement appliqu\u00e9es. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Les pages qui suivent rendent compte\u00a0: <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>*des actions de d\u00e9veloppement des cultures datti\u00e8res, initi\u00e9es dans le cadre des partenariats nord-sud pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s au colloque; <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>*des recherches relatives \u00e0 la place des palmiers dans l\u2019histoire naturelle et culturelle des civilisations\u00a0; <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>*des menaces relatives au d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019infestation, par <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus<\/em>, des palmeraies ornementales de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur\u00a0<\/strong><strong>;<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>* des nouvelles des r\u00e9seaux et des publications r\u00e9centes sur les palmiers. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>{tab=OASIS}<\/p>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Date palm &amp; d\u00e9veloppement<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>LES OASIS LIBYENNES D\u2019AL-JUFRAH<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Oasis-Al-Jufrah-Libya.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6519 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Oasis-Al-Jufrah-Libya.jpg\" alt=\"Oasis Al Jufrah Libya\" width=\"207\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Oasis-Al-Jufrah-Libya.jpg 207w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Oasis-Al-Jufrah-Libya-140x150.jpg 140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px\" \/><\/a>Illustration: situation g\u00e9ographiques des oasis d\u2019Al-Jufrah (Libye).<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Le palmier dattier occupe une place majeure dans un grand nombre de pays, en tant que culture vivri\u00e8re mais aussi en tant que produit d\u2019exportation, ainsi que par son impact sur la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 oasienne. La coop\u00e9ration nord-sud a \u00e9t\u00e9 initi\u00e9e tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t par les Instituts fran\u00e7ais de recherche (au Maghreb et au Sahel). Elle a plus r\u00e9cemment donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 un partenariat italo-libyen en direction des oasis de la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Al Jufrah. Cette r\u00e9gion saharienne est un carrefour historique des routes caravani\u00e8res, avec un climat tr\u00e8s aride (avec 50 mm\/an de pr\u00e9cipitations). Des forages art\u00e9siens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conduits jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1200m. On recense d\u00e9sormais 4\u00a0000\u00a0000 de palmiers issus de 18 vari\u00e9t\u00e9s locales, mais aussi des probl\u00e8mes de salinisation des sols et d\u2019\u00e9puisement de la ressource hydrique. Les recherches men\u00e9es dans le cadre du partenariat italo-lybien ont concern\u00e9 le recensement de toutes les plantations originelles, des \u00e9tudes pomologiques et ph\u00e9nologiques des palmiers, ainsi que l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des techniques de conservation et de conditionnement. Les \u00e9tudes de la production datti\u00e8re ont concern\u00e9 la morphologie descriptive et la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des 18 cultivars recens\u00e9s. Un important travail de caract\u00e9risation avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par les botanistes italiens \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque coloniale. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 syst\u00e9matis\u00e9 \u00e0 partir des standards descriptifs modernes. En mati\u00e8re de description g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, l\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage a utilis\u00e9 16 marqueurs nucl\u00e9aires SSR sur 18 cultivars en provenance des 5 oasis. 3 marqueurs se sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9s particuli\u00e8rement discriminants, pour presque tous les cultivars. Une \u00e9tude de parent\u00e9 a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite \u00e0 partir des pollens, ainsi qu\u2019une \u00e9tude de caract\u00e9risation par code barre. En mati\u00e8re de modernisation de la palmiculture, le partenariat italien a mobilis\u00e9 les industriels de la p\u00e9ninsule, en ce qui concerne la m\u00e9canisation des cultures et les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de conditionnement des dattes. Des exp\u00e9riences innovantes de d\u00e9sinfection par technologie micro-onde ont notamment \u00e9t\u00e9 conduites. Une d\u00e9marche qualit\u00e9 a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre \u00e0 travers les canaux de communication du slow-food, avec 2 interventions au salon du gout \u00e0 Turin. Le but est de chercher \u00e0 diffuser les productions libyennes d\u2019Al Jufrah \u00e0 partir du mod\u00e8le des terroirs en mati\u00e8re de vin par exemple.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">LINKS<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">*Le site officiel du projet se trouve \u00e0 cette adresse :<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">English version<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.libyandates.com\/english\/project-scientific-technical-aspects-oases-al-jufrah-palm-libyan-dates.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.libyandates.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">*Une description du partenariat italien, en mati\u00e8re de modernisation de la pamiculture est aussi disponible ici\u00a0: <\/span><\/strong>PEGNA F.G., BATTAGLIA M., BERGESIO C. 2012. Italian machinery and equipment for date palm field operations. Un. of Florence, Cooperation Project Improvement and Valorisation of Date Palm in Al Jufrah Oasis (Lybia), 61p. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Link\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.deistaf.unifi.it\/upload\/sub\/attivita_ricerca\/Italian.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.deistaf.unifi.it\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>LES RECHERCHES POUR LE\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><b>D\u00c9VELOPPEMENT<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">D\u2019autres communications de chercheurs maghr\u00e9bins, africains, fran\u00e7ais, espagnols et italiens ont permis de faire le point sur l\u2019impact des recherches en mati\u00e8re de production datti\u00e8re. Il en ressort que la commercialisation des dattes constitue toujours un goulot d\u2019\u00e9tranglement pour le d\u00e9veloppement de la fili\u00e8re ph\u0153nicicole, avec une production destin\u00e9e pour l\u2019essentiel \u00e0 l\u2019autoconsommation. La Tunisie pr\u00e9sente toutefois, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son savoir faire, une exception qui lui vaut d\u2019\u00eatre le 1<sup>er<\/sup> exportateur en valeur marchande alors qu\u2019elle n\u2019est que le 12<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> pays producteur. Les recherches pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es ont port\u00e9 sur\u00a0:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>*les menaces sur l\u2019agro-diversit\u00e9<\/strong><\/span>, avec le d\u00e9veloppement des plantations modernes mono-vari\u00e9tales exigeantes en ressource hydriques;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>*le dimorphisme sexuel<\/strong><\/span>, avec des recherches qui visent \u00e0 identifier les palmiers productifs d\u00e9s le plus jeune \u00e2ge\u00a0;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>*les pollens de palmiers<\/strong><\/span>, en relation aussi avec leurs usages dans la pharmacop\u00e9e traditionnelle;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>*la mod\u00e9lisation des plantations<\/strong><\/span>, un nouveau standard descriptif d\u2019un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat notamment en ce qui concerne la rationalisation des cultures.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de la mod\u00e9lisation a plus particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9t\u00e9 illustr\u00e9 par les travaux conduits en zone sah\u00e9lienne, o\u00f9 \u00a0la faible pluviom\u00e9trie et la forte croissance d\u00e9mographique favorisent l\u2019installation d\u2019une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire chronique. Le palmier dattier fait partie des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales tol\u00e9rantes des conditions s\u00e9v\u00e8res de ces zones arides. La saison des pluies peut toutefois compromettre la r\u00e9colte des fruits, d\u2019o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de trouver des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9coces ou produisant des fruits consommables \u00e0 un stade incomplet de maturation. La mod\u00e9lisation devrait permettre de mieux connaitre le cycle biologique du palmier dattier, pour guider les cultivateurs dans le choix des op\u00e9rations culturales permettant d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le rendement ou la qualit\u00e9 du fruit, et permettra, en association avec la caract\u00e9risation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, de d\u00e9terminer les cultivars les plus adapt\u00e9s aux conditions climatiques et culturales de ces r\u00e9gions.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>{tab=ANTHROPOLOGY}<\/p>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Palmiers et civilisations<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>L\u2019ARTISANAT DE LA PALME\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><b>TRESS\u00c9E<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Artisanat-Zingaro-Sicily.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6523 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Artisanat-Zingaro-Sicily.jpg\" alt=\"Artisanat Zingaro Sicily\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Artisanat-Zingaro-Sicily.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Artisanat-Zingaro-Sicily-150x112.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Artisanat-Zingaro-Sicily-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a>Illustration: l\u2019artisanat sicilien de la palme tress\u00e9e de Zingaro.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Les palmiers occupent une grande place dans l\u2019histoire des civilisations, notamment dans le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en o\u00f9 ils accompagnent la r\u00e9volution agricole du n\u00e9olithique. Leur importance ne se limite pas \u00e0 la seule production fruiti\u00e8re. Elle rel\u00e8ve aussi de leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 coloniser les zones arides, en permettant la mise en \u0153uvre de cultures sous leur couvert. Les palmiers ont par ailleurs donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 de multiples usages de leurs sous produits. Cet artisanat a fait l\u2019objet de diverses pr\u00e9sentations \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la Biennale du <em>Dies Palmarum<\/em>, avec entre autres la tradition sicilienne du tressage. Ce riche artisanat faisait appel \u00e0 l\u2019un des 2 palmiers autochtones m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens, <em>Chamaerops humilis<\/em>. Il concernait l\u2019ensemble de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e occidentale, o\u00f9 sa culture avait m\u00eame pris des dimensions industrielles au si\u00e8cle dernier. Le Parc Naturel de Zingaro est la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9serve naturelle de la\u00a0 Sicile (1981). Le Parc s\u2019occupe aussi de la conservation et de la valorisation du patrimoine culturel, avec la mise en place de cours de tressage. Ces cours visent \u00e0 maintenir un riche artisanat historique de production d\u2019objets quotidiens. Le palmier nain \u00e9tait ainsi exploit\u00e9 pour la production de crin v\u00e9g\u00e9tal obtenu \u00e0 partir des fibres de ses feuilles, qui servaient \u00e0 rembourrer les coussins, les fauteuils, les matelas&#8230; ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la fabrication d&rsquo;objets tress\u00e9s tels que nattes, paniers, chapeaux ou cordes, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Video : l&rsquo;artisanat du tressage en Sicile<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/objectwidth=420height=315paramname=movievalue=\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/ppJLEk7VthQ?hl=fr_FR&amp;version=3\/paramparamname=allowFullScreenvalue=true\/paramparamname=allowscriptaccessvalue=always\/paramembedsrc=\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/ppJLEk7VthQ?hl=fr_FR&amp;version=3type=application\/x-shockwave-flashwidth=420height=315allowscriptaccess=alwaysallowfullscreen=true\/embed\/object\"><object width=\"420\" height=\"315\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/ppJLEk7VthQ?hl=fr_FR&amp;version=3\" \/><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><embed allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" height=\"315\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/ppJLEk7VthQ?hl=fr_FR&amp;version=3\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"420\" \/><\/object><\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">LES TECHNIQUES DE TRESSAGE<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">L\u2019artisanat du tressage des feuilles de palmes a aussi connu de grands d\u00e9veloppements dans l\u2019aire culturelle euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne, autour des traditions religieuses juives et chr\u00e9tiennes. Cet artisanat a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 lors de la Biennale avec la participation de tresseurs espagnols, italiens et fran\u00e7ais. Les d\u00e9monstrations de tressage ont notamment permis de mieux comprendre la typologie de ces techniques, proches du tissage et de la vannerie. Les techniques de base vont des motifs les plus simples (tressage nou\u00e9, rayonnant ou enroul\u00e9, \u00e0 trame diagonale ou perpendiculaire, encastr\u00e9), aux plus complexes (tubulaire, radial bi-frontal, en cornet, en demi-feuille, en tresse, en grappe, enroul\u00e9 en spirale ou en triangle, pli\u00e9), avec des tressages pouvant d\u00e9passer 9 folioles. Ces motifs peuvent se d\u00e9cliner sur une m\u00eame palme. Ils peuvent aussi se combiner autour d\u2019une armature constitu\u00e9e de bandes d\u2019\u00e9corces de ch\u00e2taigniers, parfois renforc\u00e9e par du roseau ou d\u2019autres plantes. Le site web du Projet Phoenix rend compte de l&rsquo;ensemble de ces traditions ici:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=10256\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>ARCHEOLOGIE DU GENRE PHOENIX <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Plusieurs communications ont port\u00e9 par ailleurs sur l\u2019anthropologie historique du genre Phoenix, au niveau de l\u2019\u00e9tude des t\u00e9moignages arch\u00e9ologiques. Les nombreux fossiles, de stipes voire de d\u2019arbres entiers, laissent ainsi penser que les palmiers sont pr\u00e9sents sur le continent europ\u00e9en depuis le Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9 (soit il y a 100 millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es). Le Pal\u00e9oc\u00e8ne voit ensuite une tr\u00e8s forte diversification des palmiers europ\u00e9ens, laquelle atteint son aire de r\u00e9partition maximale vers le milieu de l\u2019\u00c9oc\u00e8ne, avec des fossiles retrouv\u00e9s au Groenland, en Colombie-Britannique, dans le nord de l\u2019Europe, en Russie et jusqu\u2019au Japon. Les palmiers voient par la suite leur biodiversit\u00e9 diminuer en Europe, pendant le Mioc\u00e8ne, il y a environ 50 millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es, pour se r\u00e9duire aux seuls genres <em>Chamaerops<\/em> et <em>Phoenix<\/em>. Au Moyen-Orient, autour de 3000 av. notre \u00e8re, les restes arch\u00e9obotaniques de palmiers dattiers (graines, fruits, fragments de stipe ou de feuille) associ\u00e9s \u00e0 ceux d\u2019autres plantes vivri\u00e8res deviennent fr\u00e9quents, attestant donc de la naissance des 1ers syst\u00e8mes oasiens (et de leurs cultures associ\u00e9es). Dans l\u2019iconographie grecque et chypriote, d\u00e8s le 2\u00e8me mill\u00e9naire av. notre \u00e8re, le dattier est souvent associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019image de la femme et aux lieux de culte. A la p\u00e9riode romaine, des restes arch\u00e9obotaniques de palmier dattier sont attest\u00e9s sur pr\u00e8s d\u2019une trentaine de sites en Europe, de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e jusqu\u2019au centre de l\u2019Angleterre. Ces t\u00e9moignages correspondent quasi exclusivement \u00e0 des graines carbonis\u00e9es, trouv\u00e9es le plus souvent dans des contextes cultuels o\u00f9 la datte peut \u00eatre associ\u00e9e \u00e0 d\u2019autres plantes plus ou moins rares. La datte semble, en particulier, avoir jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le certain dans des pratiques fun\u00e9raires. En associant \u00e9tudes morphom\u00e9triques et g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, les recherches conduites \u00e0 partir de ces t\u00e9moignages arch\u00e9ologiques ont permis de d\u00e9limiter les 2 aires principales de domestication du palmier-dattier. La 1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> se situe au Moyen Orient, la 2<sup>nde<\/sup> en Afrique du Nord.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>{tab=RHYNCHOPHORUS}<\/p>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>French &amp; Italian Riviera<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FIRST OCCURENCE OF RPW ON DATE PALM<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Bordighera-Winter-Garden.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-6527\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Bordighera-Winter-Garden-300x207.jpg\" alt=\"Bordighera Winter Garden\" width=\"336\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Bordighera-Winter-Garden-300x207.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Bordighera-Winter-Garden-150x103.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Bordighera-Winter-Garden-1024x707.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Bordighera-Winter-Garden.jpg 1111w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Photographie de la chute d\u2019une t\u00eate de palmier en milieu urbain \u00e0 Bordighera, suite \u00e0 son infestation par le charan\u00e7on rouge (Red Palm Weevil). Bordighera fait partie depuis d\u00e9cembre 2013 des zones dites de &lsquo;confinement&rsquo;, zones dans lesquelles l&rsquo;infestation des palmiers par le charan\u00e7on rouge est d\u00e9sormais consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme irr\u00e9versible par les <a title=\"Bolletino Ufficiale Regione Liguria 2013 (12). Diffusione in Liguria del punteruolo rosso delle palme (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.regione.liguria.it\/archivi\/archivio-allegati\/doc_download\/11576-bollettino-ufficiale-della-regione-liguria-n51-del-18-dicembre-2013-parte-ii.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Services Phytosanitaires R\u00e9gionaux<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Le charan\u00e7on rouge menace d\u00e9sormais de disparition l\u2019ensemble des plantations ornementales de palmiers du bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en. En ce qui concerne la C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur fran\u00e7aise et la Riviera italienne, les d\u00e9veloppements de l\u2019infestation \u00e9taient jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent limit\u00e9s \u00e0 la seule esp\u00e8ce <em>Phoenix canariensis<\/em>. Ils risquent bient\u00f4t de concerner les populations de <em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em> situ\u00e9es en milieu urbain, \u00e0 Bordighera, Nice, Cannes et Sanremo pour l\u2019essentiel. Des palmiers dattiers infest\u00e9s ont en effet \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts l\u2019an dernier \u00e0 Bordighera en centre ville, et \u00e0 nouveau cette ann\u00e9e dans le Jardin Exp\u00e9rimental de la palmeraie historique de cette m\u00eame commune. L&rsquo;\u00e9ventuel transfert du charan\u00e7on vers la ressource r\u00e9siduelle de palmiers pourrait poser des probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique, du fait de l&rsquo;augmentation du risque de chutes de t\u00eates de palmiers voire d&rsquo;arbres entiers. En ce qui concerne Bordighera, il pourrait aussi conduire \u00e0 la disparition de la palmeraie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale. Voici un compte-rendu des mesures mises en \u0153uvre depuis 6 ans par les Services des Espaces Verts de Bordighera et une pr\u00e9sentation des expertises que nous avons sollicit\u00e9es ces derniers mois aupr\u00e8s de nos partenaires et correspondants.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>GESTION DE L\u2019INFESTATION A BORDIGHERA (2007-2013)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus<\/em> est signal\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2007 sur la Riviera franco-italienne, au voisinage de la collection de <em>Phoenix canariensis<\/em> du Jardin Winter situ\u00e9e au centre de la palmeraie historique de Bordighera. Il va d\u00e8s lors se d\u00e9velopper dans ce foyer d\u2019infestation et s\u2019installer (sur le m\u00eame h\u00f4te) dans les jardins urbains. Au moins un millier de palmiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abattus depuis cette date. Les donn\u00e9es officielles relatives \u00e0 l\u2019infestation font \u00e9tat d\u2019une progression de type exponentielle, le nombre de palmiers infest\u00e9s doublant chaque ann\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/Bordighera-RPW.jpg\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-6623\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/Bordighera-RPW-835x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Bordighera RPW\" width=\"512\" height=\"627\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/Bordighera-RPW-835x1024.jpg 835w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/Bordighera-RPW-122x150.jpg 122w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/Bordighera-RPW-244x300.jpg 244w, http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/Bordighera-RPW.jpg 881w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Illustration: dans l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se d\u2019une poursuite exponentielle de l\u2019infestation (voir le tableau ci-dessus), la disparition de la majeure partie de la ressource de <em>Phoenix canariensis<\/em> du territoire de Bordighera pourrait \u00eatre effective d&rsquo;ici 2015 ou 2016. Le ravageur risque d\u00e9s lors de se transf\u00e9rer vers le reste de la palmeraie ornementale.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Les Services des Espaces Verts de Bordighera ont fait face \u00e0 ces 6 ann\u00e9es d\u2019infestation de mani\u00e8re peu efficace, comme dans la plupart des r\u00e9gions concern\u00e9es par ce ravageur. Alors que la politique italienne de lutte envisageait originellement comme seule strat\u00e9gie l\u2019abattage des palmiers infest\u00e9s, ils ont ainsi obtenu d\u00e8s 2009 l\u2019autorisation de mettre en place l\u2019assainissement m\u00e9canique. Les palmiers signal\u00e9s ont d\u00e9s lors \u00e9t\u00e9 syst\u00e9matiquement trait\u00e9s par cette m\u00e9thode, avec peu de succ\u00e8s toutefois du fait du caract\u00e8re tardif des signalisations et des r\u00e9ticences des propri\u00e9taires. Dans le m\u00eame temps, les fonctionnaires des Espaces Verts ont accueilli diverses exp\u00e9riences de lutte biologique et chimique, lesquelles ont elles aussi \u00e9chou\u00e9, du fait notamment qu&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9s par les pouvoirs publics. L&rsquo;\u00e9chec de la politique de lutte ressort plus particuli\u00e8rement du traitement des signalisations de palmiers infest\u00e9s. Le mode op\u00e9ratoire officiel consiste \u00e0 transmettre les signalisations aux Services Phytosanitaires R\u00e9gionaux, lesquels n\u2019ont pas les moyens d\u2019intervenir rapidement. Lorsqu\u2019on arrive au terme des proc\u00e9dures, les palmiers infest\u00e9s ont le plus souvent d\u00e9j\u00e0 s\u00e9ch\u00e9 sur pied. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">L&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 2013 a ainsi vu, pour la 1\u00e8re fois, des dizaines palmiers laiss\u00e9s \u00e0 s\u00e9cher sur pied sans aucune intervention. Un emploi de nouveaux insecticides mis au point par des laboratoires publics et priv\u00e9s en Italie, en France et en Espagne, est actuellement propos\u00e9 pour l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 2014 (\u00e0 suivre). <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><b style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">TRANSFERT VERS LA RESSOURCE <\/b><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><b>R\u00c9SIDUELLE<\/b><\/span><\/span><b style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\"> DE DATTIERS<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Le ravageur va-t-il se transf\u00e9rer \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent en direction les autres esp\u00e8ces de palmiers, <em>Dactylifera<\/em>, <em>Washingtonia<\/em>, <em>Trachicharpus<\/em> ou<em>Chamaerops<\/em> tr\u00e8s nombreux dans la palmeraie de Bordighera? <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">En ce qui concerne le palmier-dattier, le ravageur l&rsquo;attaque en dessous de la couronne foliaire, voire m\u00eame \u00e0 sa base lorsqu\u2019il poss\u00e8de des rejets. Aucun sympt\u00f4me visuel d\u2019infestation n\u2019est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement visible de ce fait, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la chute de la t\u00eate du palmier ou de l\u2019arbre dans son ensemble. Le rythme de l\u2019infestation devrait toutefois se ralentir fortement, un palmier dattier n\u2019abritant qu\u2019une 30aine de larves, contre 300 chez le palmier des Canaries. Il ne s\u2019agit pas forc\u00e9ment d\u2019une bonne nouvelle, en termes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique, la menace de chutes de palmiers risquant d\u00e8s lors de se prolonger pendant une dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Ce genre de probl\u00e8mes pourrait dans le m\u00eame temps concerner les villes de Sanremo, de Nice, de Menton et de Cannes, o\u00f9 se trouvent l\u00e0 aussi de nombreux palmiers dattiers sur la voie publique, dont la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre Promenade des Anglais, ainsi que<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"> la palmeraie historique, laquelle remonte au moyen-\u00e2ge,.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">La palmeraie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale est exclusivement compos\u00e9e de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s priv\u00e9es ne recevant aucune subvention et ne g\u00e9n\u00e9rant aucun revenu. Elle abrite \u00e0 ce jour un millier de palmiers dattiers, sur des terrains sans viabilit\u00e9 et de plus cultiv\u00e9s en terrasse. Il \u00e9tait donc hors de question de pouvoir financer ici des aspersions mensuelles, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de produits bio ou phyto, ni d\u2019injecter pendant ces 6 ann\u00e9es et au m\u00eame rythme ces m\u00eames produits. Difficile aussi de \u2018monitorer\u2019 des dattiers, du fait que l\u2019infestation ne produit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas de sympt\u00f4mes. De la panoplie de la lutte int\u00e9gr\u00e9e, il ne restait en fait que le pi\u00e9geage, ce qui est un peu maigre. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Le Jardin Exp\u00e9rimental Phoenix (le dernier jardin traditionnel de palmiers dattiers du site historique) a choisi de d\u00e9velopper une strat\u00e9gie de gestion du charan\u00e7on, dans le cadre de la mise en place d\u2019un \u00e9co-syst\u00e8me le plus stable et le plus diversifi\u00e9 possible. Cette strat\u00e9gie de survie s\u2019est accompagn\u00e9e de la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une p\u00e9pini\u00e8re issue de graines r\u00e9colt\u00e9es sur le site. Il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019un mod\u00e8le de lutte exportable, mais seulement d\u2019une exp\u00e9rimentation destin\u00e9e \u00e0 sauver un patrimoine historique exemplaire. Les expertises que nous avons sollicit\u00e9es r\u00e9cemment ont permis d\u2019am\u00e9liorer ce dispositif, en ce qui concerne la gestion pr\u00e9visionnelle des infestations au niveau des rejets (\u00e0 suivre). <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>{tab=BIBLIO}<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>WEB SURWEY: Publications r\u00e9centes en ligne (free access<\/strong><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>SOMMAIRE<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">1. RECENSIONS<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">2. BIBLIO OCT-DEC 2013 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">3. BIBLIO RPW (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><b style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Un r\u00e9seau de jardins botaniques franco-italiens (nomm\u00e9 Riviera Gardens) a vu le jour r\u00e9cemment sous l\u2019impulsion de Robert Castellana et \u00e0 l\u2019invitation de la Principaut\u00e9 de Monaco, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un important partenariat international, scientifique et associatif. Avec 130 esp\u00e8ces et une trentaine de genres de palmiers, les jardins botaniques de cette r\u00e9gion repr\u00e9sentent en effet un conservatoire patrimonial exceptionnel. Ils t\u00e9moignent de l\u2019histoire de 5 si\u00e8cles d\u2019acclimatation d\u2019une plante qui a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 des paysages embl\u00e9matiques. Ces paysages sont d\u00e9sormais <\/b><b style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">menac\u00e9s, ainsi que leurs collections botaniques. Le r\u00e9seau Riviera Gardens vise \u00e0 impulser et coordonner une strat\u00e9gie de Lutte Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e (Integrated Pest Management = IPM), au travers de la mise en commun de ses expertises et de ses moyens, notamment en mati\u00e8re de Recherche et de D\u00e9veloppement. R\u00e9guli\u00e8rement mise \u00e0 jour, cette page donne acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019actualit\u00e9 des initiatives des porteurs de projet du r\u00e9seau: <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=9990\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">1. RECENSIONS<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>TENGBERG M., BATTESTI V., NEWTON C. (dir.) 2013. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Le palmier dattier. Origine et culture en \u00c9gypte et au Moyen-Orient.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">In: Revue d\u2019ethno\u00e9cologie, 4 | 2013. Link\u00a0: <a title=\"Pr\u00e9sentation. Le palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) constitue une esp\u00e8ce embl\u00e9matique des r\u00e9gions chaudes et arides de l\u2019Ancien Monde o\u00f9 il est cultiv\u00e9 depuis la Pr\u00e9histoire. Malgr\u00e9 son r\u00f4le \u00e9conomique primordial, en tant qu\u2019esp\u00e8ce nourrici\u00e8re et \u00e9l\u00e9ment structurant dans les cultures en palmeraie, son origine et l\u2019histoire ancienne de son exploitation avaient jusqu\u2019alors fait l\u2019objet de tr\u00e8s peu de recherches. Dans ce num\u00e9ro sp\u00e9cial, nous avons rassembl\u00e9 onze textes qui abordent ces th\u00e9matiques de perspectives tr\u00e8s diverses, refl\u00e9tant les travaux des auteurs venant d\u2019horizons disciplinaires vari\u00e9s. Les questions centrales sont celles de la domestication et de la culture ancienne du palmier dattier, approch\u00e9es par l\u2019arch\u00e9ologie, l\u2019arch\u00e9obotanique, la morphom\u00e9trie g\u00e9om\u00e9trique, la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et l\u2019iconographie. \u00c0 ces contributions percevant le palmier dattier dans une perspective historique s\u2019ajoutent deux textes portant sur la gestion de l\u2019agrobiodiversit\u00e9 et des ressources en eau dans des palmeraies actuelles en Oman et en \u00c9gypte.\" href=\"http:\/\/ethnoecologie.revues.org\/1216\">http:\/\/ethnoecologie.revues.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>SOMMAIRE<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Margareta Tengberg, Claire Newton et Vincent Battesti.<\/strong> \u00ab L\u2019arbre sans rival \u00bb. Palmiers dattiers et palmeraies au Moyen-Orient et en \u00c9gypte de la pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 nos jours<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Muriel Gros-Balthazard, Claire Newton, Sarah Ivorra, MargaretaTengberg, Jean-Christophe Pintaud et Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Terral.<\/strong> Origines et domestication du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Romain Thomas.<\/strong> Anatomie des palmiers end\u00e9miques du Proche et Moyen-Orient : applications en arch\u00e9obotanique<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Schiettecatte.<\/strong> Le palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) dans l\u2019Arabie m\u00e9ridionale pr\u00e9islamique<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Sophie M\u00e9ry.<\/strong> The first oases in Eastern Arabia: society and craft technology, in the 3rd millennium BC at Hili, United Arab Emirates<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Claire Newton, Thomas Whitbread, Damien Agut-Labord\u00e8re et Michel Wuttmann\u2020.<\/strong> L\u2019agriculture oasienne \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque perse dans le sud de l\u2019oasis de Kharga (\u00c9gypte, ve-ive s. AEC)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Charl\u00e8ne Bouchaud.<\/strong> Exploitation v\u00e9g\u00e9tale des oasis d\u2019Arabie. Production, commerce et utilisation des plantes. L\u2019exemple de Mad\u00e2\u2019in S\u00e2lih (Arabie Saoudite) entre le ive si\u00e8cle av. J.-C. et le viie si\u00e8cle apr. J.-C.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Julien Charbonnier.<\/strong> La ma\u00eetrise du temps d\u2019irrigation au sein des oasis aliment\u00e9es par des afl\u00e2j. \u00c9tude de cas \u00e0 Adam (Sultanat d\u2019Oman)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Fanny Michel-Dansac et Annie Caubet.<\/strong> L\u2019iconographie et le symbolisme du palmier dattier dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 (Proche-Orient, \u00c9gypte, M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e orientale) [Texte int\u00e9gral]<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Claire Newton, Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Terral, Sarah Ivorra, Muriel Gros-Balthazard, Claire Tito de Morais, Sandrine Picq, Margareta Tengberg et Jean-Christophe Pintaud.<\/strong> Graines d&rsquo;histoire. Approche morphom\u00e9trique de l&rsquo;agrobiodiversit\u00e9 du palmier dattier, actuelle et d&rsquo;\u00c9gypte ancienne<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Vincent Battesti.<\/strong> L\u2019agrobiodiversit\u00e9 du dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) dans l\u2019oasis de Siwa (\u00c9gypte). Entre ce qui se dit, s\u2019\u00e9crit et s\u2019oublie<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>MISE EN LIGNE DU DATE PALM JOURNAL<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>(1981-1988)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Iraqi National Library (Baghdad &#8211; IRAQ)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>SUMMARY<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1981. The date palm journal 1.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">July 1981. Vol 1 (1) 1-152<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book1.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1982. The date palm journal 2.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">MAY 1982 -ISSN 0252-3353 VOL. 1 (2): 153-316.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book2.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1983. The date palm journal 3.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">MARCH 1983 -ISSN 0252-3353 VOL. 2 (1): 1-146.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book3.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1983 (2). The date palm journal 4.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">NOVEMBER 1983- ISSN 0252- 3353 VOL. 2 (2):147- 267<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book4.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1984. The date palm journal 5.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">June 1984 &#8212; ISSN 0252 &#8211; 3353 Vol. 3 ( 1): 268-358<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book5.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1984. The date palm journal 6.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">December 1984-ISSN 0252 &#8211; 3353 Vol. 3(2): 359-437<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book6.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1985. The date palm journal 7.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">August 1985 -ISSN 0252-3353 Vol. 4- (1):1 -136<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book7.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1986. The date palm journal 8. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">December 1986 -ISSN 0252- 3353 Vol. 4- (2): 137-288<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book8.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1987. The date palm journal 9. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">JULY 1987 \u00b7 ISSN 0252 \u00b7 3353 Vol. 5 (1): 9\u00b7119<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book9.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1987. The date palm journal 10. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">December 1987- ISSN 0252- 3353 Vol 5- (2):120-229<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book10.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1988. The date palm journal 11. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">December 1988- ISSN 0252-3353 Vol6- (1):238 -230<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book11.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FAO 1988. The date palm journal 12. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">1988 &#8211; Date Palm journal 6(2)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book12.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>2. BIBLIO OCTOBRE-DECEMBRE 2013<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>ABAHMANE L.<\/strong> <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Recent achievements in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation from inflorescence tissues.<\/strong> In: Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (11): 863-874.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link\u00a0: <a title=\"Abstract. The Moroccan demand for date palm plants over the next decade is estimated to be 2.9 million. To fulfill this huge demand, the use of rapid micropropagation techniques is an objective of great interest. Generally, date palm micropropagation is performed from offshoot tissue. However, in the case of some rare genotypes, this technique is inefficient because only limited numbers of offshoots are available. To overcome this problem, a new technique based on the use of emerged inflorescence tissue was developed. The research activities resulted in a completely successful process starting from plant material excision to plant acclimatization and field planting. The technique was used for the micropropagation of 16 date palm genotypes with good fruit quality. To date, hundreds of well-acclimatized plants belonging to 9 genotypes have been produced. In addition, clusters of buds of 3 selected genotypes and Medjool cv. were produced and transferred to a private laboratory for mass propagation. In vitro plants needed to test for bayoud disease resistance of 6 selected genotypes were produced using this technique. Since 2001, well-acclimatized in vitro plants were gradually transferred to the field to study their behavior. Inflorescence-derived plants have shown normal growth and no abnormalities. Fruit set of planted palms started in 2005. In the present paper, micropropagation with inflorescence tissue as well as the related major achievements are presented.\" href=\"http:\/\/ejfa.info\/index.php\/ejfa\/article\/download\/16659\/8875\">http:\/\/ejfa.info\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>ABASS<\/strong> <strong>M.H.<\/strong> <strong>2013. <\/strong><strong>Microbial contaminants of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Iraqi tissue culture laboratories.<\/strong> In Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (11): 875-882.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link\u00a0: <a title=\"Abstract. The date palm is one of the most important economic species of the palm family, grown mainly for its fruits (dates). Nowadays there is increased demand for date palm fruits around the world. To meet this demand, several propagation methods have been utilized, among them micropropagation which has been used in Iraq and many other countries for large-scale multiplication of date palm. Micropropagation faces several constraints; one is microbial contamination which represents a major challenge to the initiation and maintenance of date palm micropropagation laboratories. In recent years, two major groups of contaminants have been identified and isolated from different date palm tissue culture laboratories in Iraq. The first group is fungi. Several fungal species have been isolated and identified as contaminants; most predominant are: Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and  Penicillium spp.  The  second group is  bacteria;  predominantly of  the genera  Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Proteus.\" href=\"http:\/\/ejfa.info\/index.php\/ejfa\/article\/download\/15351\/8876\">http:\/\/ejfa.info\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>AL-MAYAHI A. M. W. 2014. Effect of copper sulphate and cobalt chloride on growth of the in vitro culture tissues for date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) Cv. Ashgar.<\/strong> In: American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 9 (1): 6-18, 2014.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. This  study  was  carried  out  to  investigate  the  effects  of  copper  sulphate  and  cobalt  chloride  on propagation of date palm cv. Ashgar in vitro. The rate of callus proliferation was significantly higher in the  medium  supplemented  with  2  \u00b5M  copper  sulphate  and  2  \u00b5M  cobalt  chloride  together  (p&lt;0.05). Addition  of  copper  sulphate  and  Cobalt  chloride  to  the  medium  was  most  effective  for  shoots regeneration from callus and enhanced regeneration frequency as well as number of shoots obtained per explant, the best result (7.12 shoot\/explant) was obtained by using copper sulphate and Cobalt chloride at 2.0  \u00b5M.  Also  the  results  of  this  experiment  indicates  that  the  maximum  induction  of  roots  can  be achieved in the media containing both additives at 0.5 \u00b5M. The callus exhibited a decline in carbohydrate contents,  proteins,  whereas  total  phenol  content  increased  at  high  concentration  of  Cu  and  Co.  The greatest formation of chlorophylls a, b and total chlorophyll was obtained in plantlets grown in the media containing both additives at 0.5 \u00b5M. As well as Maximum survivability was noticed for plants cultured in media that containing both copper sulphate and Cobalt chloride at 0.5 \u00b5M.\" href=\"http:\/\/thescipub.com\/pdf\/10.3844\/ajabssp.2014.6.18\">http:\/\/thescipub.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>AZAD M. A. K., AREFIN H., HOSSAIN A. 2013. In vitro Morphogenesis of Arabian Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.).<\/strong> In: Plant Tissue Cult. &amp; Biotech. 23(2): 211\u2010219, 2013\u00a0 (December)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. After inoculation of young leaves of date palm offshoot required about six months to complete the morphogenesis process. Fourteen weeks were required for embryogenic callus formation under continuous dark condition and nine weeks for shoot initiation (under 16\/8 h light\/dark). The highest number of explants (80%) produced callus in modified MS containing 5 mg\/l 2,4\u2010D + 2 mg\/l 2ip. Sixty per cent of explants produced callus in the modified medium containing 5 mg\/l 2,4\u2010D + 5 mg\/l NAA. While only 50 per cent of the explants formed callus in the same medium when supplemented with only 5 mg\/l 2,4\u2010D. The induced calli were transferred to modified MS for shoot proliferation. A combination of two cytokines showed better performance than single ones in shoot induction. The highest percentage (70) of shoot developed in modified MS containing 2 mg\/l BAP + 1 mg\/l Kn. Forty per cent shoot induction was found in the same medium supplemented with 2 mg\/l of BAP. Thirty per cent shoot formed in MS containing 1 mg\/l of Kn. The shoots were subcultured at three\u2010 four week intervals throughout culture duration.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.baptcb.org\/ptc\/Full_article\/ptc23_2_08.pdf\">http:\/\/www.baptcb.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>BABIKER M. E., A. RASHID A. A., HEIKAL M., YUSUP S., ABAKAR\u00a0 M.\u00a0 2013. Pyrolysis Characteristics of Phoenix Dactylifera Date Palm Seeds Using Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA).<\/strong> In: International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 4, No. 5, October 2013.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Mass losses of Phoenix dactylifera date palm seeds (DPSs)  were  measured  using  a  thermo-gravimetric  analyzer (TGA).  Six-milligram-sample  of  six  varieties  of  DPSs  were pyrolyzed  in  an  inert  condition  (argon  atmosphere)  with  a constant  flow  rate  of  100  ml\/min  for  the  entire  range  of experiments.    The    experiments    were    conducted    under non-isothermal  conditions  and  at  a  heating  rate  of  20\u00b0C\/min until   the   furnace   wall   temperature   reached   900\u00b0C.   The moisture (M), ash (ASH), volatile matter (VM) and fixed carbon (FC)  of  the  selected  date  seeds  were  determined  by  means  of proximate  analysis.  The  weight  percentages  of  carbon  (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and atomic ratios  (H\/C  and  O\/C)  were  determined  through  the  ultimate analysis. The heating value, bulk and particle density of DPSs were    also    measured    using    a    bomb    calorimeter    and ultra-pycnometer,  respectively.  The  yield  of  the  liquids  was obtained by subtracting the total gaseous mass from the DTG data. The experiments demonstrated that there were significant differences in physiochemical properties of selected DPSs. The findings   also   revealed   that   DPSs   contain   much   volatile compounds. DPSs energy densities were found to be among the high-quality biological feedstocks.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijesd.org\/papers\/406-L00024.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ijesd.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>BALLARDINI M, MERCURI A, LITTARDI C, ABBAS S, COUDERC M, LUDE\u00d1A B, PINTAUD JC 2013. The chloroplast DNA locus\u00a0<em>psbZ-trnfM<\/em>\u00a0as a potential barcode marker in\u00a0<em>Phoenix<\/em>\u00a0L. (Arecaceae).<\/strong> In: Nagy ZT, Backeljau T, De Meyer M, Jordaens K (Eds) DNA barcoding: a practical tool for fundamental and applied biodiversity research. ZooKeys 365: 71\u201382.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link\u00a0: <a title=\"Abstract. The genus Phoenix (Arecaceae) comprises 14 species distributed from Cape Verde Islands to SE Asia. It includes the economically important species Phoenix dactylifera. The paucity of differential morphological and anatomical useful characters, and interspecific hybridization, make identification of Phoenix species difficult. In this context, the development of reliable DNA markers for species and hybrid identification would be of great utility. Previous studies identified a 12 bp polymorphic chloroplast minisatellite in the trnG (GCC)-trnfM (CAU) spacer, and showed its potential for species identification in Phoenix. In this work, in order to develop an efficient DNA barcode marker for Phoenix, a longer cpDNA region (700 bp) comprising the mentioned minisatellite, and located between the psbZ and trnfM (CAU) genes, was sequenced. One hundred and thirty-six individuals, representing all Phoenix species except P. andamanensis, were analysed. The minisatellite showed 2-7 repetitions of the 12 bp motif, with 1-3 out of seven haplotypes per species. Phoenix reclinata and P. canariensis had species-specific haplotypes. Additional polymorphisms were found in the flanking regions of the minisatellite, including substitutions, indels and homopolymers. All this information allowed us to identify unambiguously eight out of the 13 species, and overall 80% of the individuals sampled. Phoenix rupicola and P. theophrastihad the same haplotype, and so had P. atlantica, P. dactylifera, and P. sylvestris (the \u201cdate palm complex\u201d sensu Pintaud et al. 2013). For these species, additional molecular markers will be required for their unambiguous identification. The psbZ-trnfM (CAU) region therefore could be considered as a good basis for the establishment of a DNA barcoding system inPhoenix, and is potentially useful for the identification of the female parent in Phoenix hybrids.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pensoft.net\/inc\/journals\/download.php?fileId=7664&amp;fileTable=J_GALLEYS\">http:\/\/www.pensoft.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>BHUSARI, S. I., DESAI, V. D., NALAVADE, M. L., WADKAR, S. S., GHOSH, J. S. 2013. Fermentation and characterization of wine from fruits of Phoenix dactylifera, using Saccharomyces cerevisae NCIM 3495.<\/strong> In: International Food Research Journal 20(6): 3411-3415 (2013)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link\u00a0: <a title=\"Abstract. Dates i.e. fruits of Phoenix dactylifera, have tremendous nutraceutical properties. These are rich in minerals, assimilable sugars, water soluble vitamins and fibers. The fruits are consumed to regain vitality which may be lost due to overexertion like in case of field laborers mostly in tropical countries. It can be used to treat spleen disorders since it is rich in iron and antioxidants. In this study wine from dates was prepared using Saccharomyces cerevisae NCIM 3495. The incubation was carried for 21 days at 12o C and further 8 days at 28o C. The wine has Radical Scavenging Activity of 74.53% and assimilable iron as 40%. It was free from fuselols like amyl alcohol, thus avoiding bottle ageing. The sensory values show good acceptability to discriminating consumers. If consumed moderately (like all wines) it serves as a prophylactic measure for many oncogenic diseases as well as for circulatory disorders like arteriosclerosis. Since the wine has a phenolic and flavonoid content of 16 mg\/ml, which can have good immunostimulatory effect.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/20%20(06)%202013\/62%20IFRJ%2020%20(06)%202013%20Rohman%20Ghosh%20375.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>DEMIRCI B., TSIKOLIA M., BERNIER U.R., AGRAMONTE N. M., ALQASOUMI S. I., AL-YAHYA M. A., AL-REHAILY A.J., YUSUFOGLU H. S., DEMIRCI F., CAN BASER K. H., KHAN I. A , TABANCA N. 2013. Phoenix dactylifera L. spathe essential oil. Chemical composition and repellent activity against the yellow fever mosquito<\/strong>. In\u00a0: Acta Tropica 128 (2013) 557\u2013560.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecaceae), grows commonly in the Arabian Peninsula and is tradition-ally used to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify chemical composition ofthe essential oil and to investigate the repellent activity. The essential oil of P. dactylifera was obtained byhydrodistillation from the spathe, a specialized leaf structure that surrounds the pollinating organs of thepalm. The oil was subsequently analyzed by GC\u2013FID and GC\u2013MS. The oil showed promising repellent activ-ity against yellow fever mosquito \u2013 Aedes aegypti. Sixteen components were characterized, constituting99% of the oil. The main components were 3,4-dimethoxytoluene (73.5%), 2,4-dimethoxytoluene (9.5%),-caryophyllene (5.5%), p-cresyl methyl ether (3.8%), and caryophyllene oxide (2.4%). The minimumeffective dosage (MED) for repellency for the P. dactylifera oil was 0.051 mg\/cm 2 , which had moderatelylower potency compared to reference standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, DEET (0.018 mg\/cm 2 )in  the  \u201ccloth  patch  assay\u201d.  The  \ufb01ve  major  compounds  were  individually  assayed  for  repellency  todetermine to what extent each is responsible for repellency from the oil. 3,4-Dimethoxytoluene and2,4-dimethoxytoluene showed the best repellent activity with the same MED value of 0.063 mg\/cm 2 ,respectively. The results indicate that these two constituents which comprise a large proportion of theP. dactylifera oil (83%) are likely responsible for the observed repellent activity. In this aspect, the P.dactylifera spathe oil is a sustainable, promising new source of natural repellents.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afpmb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pubs\/dwfp\/publications\/FY13\/Demirci%2610%26Tabanca,2013.pdf\">http:\/\/www.afpmb.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>EL-ASHRY A.A., SHALTOUT A.D., EL-BAHR M.K., EL HAMID A., M.A. MATTER, BEKHEET S.A. 2013. In vitro preservation of embryogenic cultures of two Egyptian dry date palm cultivars at darkness and low temperature conditions. <\/strong>In\u00a0: Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(3): 1985-1992, 2013<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. This study aimed to investigate the effect of low temperature (5\u00b0C) and darkness conditions on preservation of embryogenic cultures of Bartamoda and Sakkoty date palm cultivars. In vitro cultures of those cultivars were obtained by culturing shoot tips excised from offshoots. Embryogenic cultures were proliferated on MS medium supplemented with 10 mg\/ l 2,4-D + 3 mg\/l 2iP. For low temperature preservation, cultures of the two cultivars were incubated at 5\u00b0C for twelve months. Generally, survival percentage was decreased as storage period increased in both two cultivars. After twelve months Sakkoty registered 88. 8 % and Bartamoda registered 87.7 % of survival with considerable browning specially with Bartamoda cultivar. At low temperature, rate of the new proliferated cultures of the two cultivars was decreased as increasing of storage period. Also, the effect of preservation in complete dark at room temperature conditions was investigated. It was found that survival percentage significantly declined after twelve months of preservation. Sakkoty registered high percentage of survival compared with Bartamoda cultivar. It was found that dark condition had negative effects on proliferation of embryogenic cultures in both two cultivars of date palm. Genetic stability was tested using RAPD - PCR analysis. PCR products revealed that the persevered cultures were relatively genetically stable. Bartamoda gave high similarity compared with sakkoty cultivar\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/jasr\/jasr\/2013\/1985-1992.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FATMAH H 2013. Effect of Tempeh Dates Biscuits on Nutritional Status of Preschool Children with Tuberculosis.<\/strong> In\u00a0: Mal J Nutr 19(2): 173 &#8211; 184, 2013.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link\u00a0: <a title=\"Abstract. Preschool children with tuberculosis (TB) often experience weight loss. Previously, underweight childrenhave been given a supplement of soy protein biscuits made from tempeh. However, the efficacy of tempeh dates biscuits on nutritional status on underweight TB children has not been previously done. This study aimed to assess the effects of tempeh dates biscuit supplementation on the nutritional status of underweight TB children. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted on 41 subjects from the intervention group (tempeh dates biscuit) and control groups (tempeh and placebo biscuits). Parameters such as anthropometric data, hemoglobin, albumin, and macromicronutrients intake were analysed before and after the intervention. Results: The three groups showed significant difference in weight, height, and albumin, except for hemoglobin, after six weeks. Tremendous weight and height gain was shown by the tempeh biscuit group (1 kg) and the placebo biscuit group (3.5 cm). The biggest positive change in nutritional status (weight for age) was recorded by the tempeh group (0.5 points). Hemoglobin level was increased by 0.4 point in the intervention group. The mean for blood albumin levels increased by 0.1 point among the intervention and the control groups. Conclusion: Although no evidence was found of a large gain in weight and height in the intervention group, the inclusion of the tempeh dates biscuits in the diet was able to increase hemoglobin level compared with the control group. A similar study in anemic children is necessary to assess the effect of tempeh dates biscuits on hemoglobin changes.\" href=\"http:\/\/nutriweb.org.my\/publications\/mjn0019_2\/3Fatimah%20_396(edSP)(RV)SP.pdf\">http:\/\/nutriweb.org.my\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>GHIABA Z., YOUSFI M., HADJADJ M., SAIDI M., DAKMOUCHE M. 2013. Study of Antioxidant Properties of Five Algerian Date (Phoenix dactylifera L) Cultivars by Cyclic Voltammetric Technique. <\/strong>In\u00a0: Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9 (2014) 909 \u2013 920.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) is well known for its innumerable health benefits and nutritional values. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the total phenolic content in five date palm fruit (DPF) varieties, Degla Baidha (DB), Deglet Nour (DN), Ghars (Gh), Tamjhourt (Tam), and Tafezauine (Taf), from the Ouargla region (Algeria), extracted with aqueous methanol (80%) and to evaluate in vitro their antioxidative properties by cyclic voltammetry technique (CV) in aprotic media. Consequently, the total polyphenol contents (TPC) of these extracts will be measured using Folin Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. Total phenolic content ranged from 5.9 to 23.05 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE\/100g). Thereafter, the voltammetric response of the electrochemically gener- ated superoxide anion radical in DMF was monitored in the absence and presence of the DPF extracts. The decrease in the current was interpreted in terms of antiradical activity of the added extract. Effective scavenging concentration (IC50) on superoxide anion radical ranged from 33.17-85.23mg\/l, the IC50 values decreased in the order of Taf\uf03eGh\uf03eDB\uf03eTam\uf03eDN. Finally, the use of DPF extracts for protection against oxidative stress has been recommended.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.univ-ouargla.dz\/Documents\/Publications%20Sientifiques\/articale%20GHiaba%20zineb2014.pdf\">http:\/\/www.univ-ouargla.dz\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>GROS BALTHARD M. 2013. Hybridization in the genus Phoenix. A review. <\/strong>In: \u00a0Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (11): 831-842.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The genus Phoenix is composed of 14 species naturally distributed in the Old World. This genus comprises the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., cultivated for its fruits, the dates, while other species are grown for food, ornament and religious purposes. Phoenix species were, for these reasons, spread out of their natural distribution area. It is therefore common to find species not naturally sympatric, growing together, in cultivation or in the wild. Phoenix species are interfertile and crossing distinct species leads to fertile hybrid offspring (interspecific hybridization). The introduction of a species in the wild generates gene flows leading to the creation of new hybrids and has conservation implications. In cultivation, such crossings may be spontaneous or are the result of artificial pollination, as several reasons impel doing so. Crossing gives rise to beautiful hybrids and is also useful for the conservation of old palm groves threatened by pests. Moreover, artificial pollination of date palms using another Phoenix species can be of interest given the metaxenic pollen effects. In addition, this process may have some potential benefits in date palm improvements, by the creation of hybrid cultivars. Thus, an increasing need of hybrid detection and characterization exists, particularly as morphology alone is not sufficient for this task. Besides new methods such as traditional and geometric morphometrics that may bring new clues, the advent of genetic and molecular markers helps to detect hybrids, especially based on the combination of nuclear and chloroplastic data. The application of methods such as near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy is currently under examination to estimate their potential use for hybrid characterization.\" href=\"http:\/\/ejfa.info\/index.php\/ejfa\/article\/viewFile\/16660\/8877\">http:\/\/ejfa.info\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>HAIDER M. S., KHAN I. A., NAQVI S. A., JASKANI M.J., KHAN R. W., NAFEES M., PASHA M. I. 2013.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Fruit developmental stages effects on attributes in date palm. <\/strong>In: Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 50(4), 577-583; 2013<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Some date palm cultivars grown in Pakistan were biochemically characterized and the effect of fruit maturity on radical scavenging capacity (DPPH), total phenolic contents (TPC), specific activity of antioxidant enzymes, sugars profile and soluble protein contents was assessed. Higher range of differences in composition of studied phytochemicals was recorded among different cultivars. Antiradical efficiency (AE), TPC, antioxidant enzymes and soluble protein contents were recorded higher at khalal stage thereafter, declined at rutab then finally at tamar stage. The amount of glucose (11.32-32.50%) and fructose (10.95-32.41%) started accumulation from khalal stage and were in higher composition at tamar stage due to hydrolysis and inversion of sucrose (10.82-3.1%) contents. The results concluded that variation in biochemical attributes primarily influenced by type of cultivars and different fruit developmental stages. Keywords: Dates, fruit maturity, antioxidants, sugars, total phenolic contents\" href=\"http:\/\/pakjas.com.pk\/papers%5C2198.pdf\">http:\/\/pakjas.com.pk\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>HAMZA A. M., COLLINS A., ADO S. G., IKUENOBE C. E., ATAGA C. D., ODEWALE J. O. 2014. Proximate Compositions Evaluation and Variability among Cultivars of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Nigeria. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Plant &amp; Soil Science 3(3)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Genetic  variability  among  the  fruits  of  22  date  palm  cultivars  was  studied  using  6 nutritional characters to enable us  classify the available germplasm into distinct groups on the basis of their genetic diversity using their nutritional characteristics from proximate composition.  The main  date  palm-growing  areas  of  Nigeria  were  surveyed  in  2011  with the objective of characterizing cultivars as to the quality and economic value of their fruits.  Descriptive statistics and some multivariate analysis techniques were used to classify the 22 date  palm cultivars.  The  genotypes based  on  studied  traits were  grouped  into three clusters. Discriminant function analysis was used to confirm the accuracy of grouping that was  produced  by  cluster  analysis.  Sugar  and  crude  protein  content  were  identified  as important  traits  that  could  be  used  to  differentiate  the  genotypes  as  revealed  by  both principal  component  and  discriminant  analysis.  Genetic  distance  between Daushenga  1 and  Saberari  2  exhibited  the  greatest  dissimilarity  followed  by  Daushenga  1  and Hausawa.  Hence  the  use  of  these  parents  for  hybridization  should  be  given  greater emphasis  for  the  production  of  transgressive  segregants  with  high  nutritional  potential.  The level of variability observed suggested a high diversity among the cultivars. The result of the principal component analysis indicated that the contribution of the first three factors with  Eigen  value  greater  than  one  accounted  for  73.03%  of  the  total  variation.  The moderately high ash content shows that date palm fruit can effectively serve as a source of inorganic minerals and good adsorbent in the removal of metallic ions, odour, colours and other particulate matter from aqueous medium of water and waste water thus making date palm fruit an effective material precursor in water and waste water treatment among other  uses.  The  high  soluble  carbohydrate  content  indeed  gives  an  indication  that  it compares favourably with other fast energy giving food stuffs and thus it can be added to some food content as an additive .This work identified the existence of inherent variability in  the  local  germplasm  collections,  and  the  traits  that  could  be  used  to  exploit  the observed variability, eliciting important relationships among the traits in the process.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedomain.org\/download.php?f=Hamza332013IJPSS6973.pdf&amp;aid=2963\">http:\/\/www.sciencedomain.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>JASSIM S. A. A., LIMOGES R. G. 2014.\u00a0 Date Palm Tree\u2019s Defense Mechanisms from Viral Infection and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. <\/strong>In: Advances in Microbiology, 2014, 4, 1-5<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. A comprehensive review of scientific literature has uncovered no reported cases of date palm trees infected by a virus and no viral infections have been reported by farmers. In spite of the hot and humid environment they in-habit, the abundance of viral infestations in the soil, other plants and organisms surrounding the trees and the frequency  of  importation  and  transplantation  of  these  trees  into  the  region.  Such  conditions  should  cause  the date palms to also be infected. Notably, other palm trees do not exhibit the same level of innate viral immunity that is found in date palms. The date palm tree\u2019s innate viral immunity is a virgin area in botanical research. The biological segment in date palm tree DNA that enables survival under genotoxic radiation also deserves fur-ther investigation. This field of study may enable the breeding of other economically important plants to improve desert ecology and economy, land management, agriculture and horticulture.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=41603\">http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>PARIMALA K., SUBRAMANIAN K., MAHALINGA KANNAN S., VIJAYALAKSHMI K. 2013. Seed Storage Techniques. A Primer<\/strong>. In: Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems, Chennai Revitalising Rainfed Agriculture Network<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link\u00a0: <a title=\"Abstract. The Revitalizing Rainfed Agriculture Network (RRAN) is a growing network of civil society organizations, research institutions, policy makers, donors and individuals engaged in evolving a differentiated agricultural policy with enhanced public investments and support system for rainfed areas in India. Based on the vast experience on the ground and analysis of issues, RRA Network is evolving specific propositions on various aspects of rainfed agriculture such as seeds, soils, water, crop systems, millets, livestock, fisheries, credit, markets and institutions. The Comprehensive Pilots (CPs) are part of the RRA Network\u2019s action research programme that seeks to establish evidence and experience on the ground, in support of the various propositions that the Network has developed. In order to offer support for CPs a set of organizations have been identified as Nodes on specific identified themes such as \u2013 seeds, soils, water, millets, fisheries, livestock, credit, markets and institutions.\" href=\"http:\/\/rainfedindia.org\/issues\/images\/Seed%20Storage%20Techniques%20-%20A%20Primer.pdf\">http:\/\/rainfedindia.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>RIAHI K., CHAABANE S., BEN THAYER B. 2013. A kinetic modeling study of phosphate adsorption on to Phoenix dactylifera L. date palm fibers in batch mode.<\/strong> In: Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. Available online 17 December 2013<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The removal of phosphates from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto date palm fibers (DPF) has been studied in batch mode. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms that govern phosphate sorption and find an appropriate model for the kinetics of removal. In order to investigate the mechanism of sorption and potential rate controlling steps, pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, intra-particle diffusion and the Elovich equations have been used to test experimental data. Kinetic analysis of the four models has been carried out for initial phosphate concentration in the range of 30\u2013110 mg\/L. The rate constants for the four models have been determined and the correlation coefficients have been calculated in order to assess which model provides the best fit predicted data with experimental results. Seven statistical functions were used to estimate the error deviations between experimental and theoretically predicted kinetic adsorption values, including the average relative error deviation (ARED), Marquardt\u2019s percent standard error deviation (MPSED), the hybrid fractional error function (HYBRID), the sum of the squares of the errors (SSE) and three alternative statistical functions, including the Chi-square test, the F-test and Student\u2019s T-test. The results showed that, both Elovich equation and pseudo second-order equation provide the best fit to experimental data for different initial phosphate concentrations.\" href=\"http:\/\/ac.els-cdn.com\/S1319610313001208\/1-s2.0-S1319610313001208-main.pdf?_tid=a9bcca32-7623-11e3-b172-00000aacb360&amp;acdnat=1388938309_6bd22e0933c0dfee9537880fa85f4bbc\">http:\/\/ac.els-cdn.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>SADDIQ A. A. , BAWAZIR E. 2013. Antimicrobial Activity of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Pits extractsand its role in reducing side effect of Methyl prednisolone on the someNeurotransmitter content in the Brain, Hormone Testosterone in adulthood. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The  present  work  was  carried  out  to  study  the  impact  of  date  palm  pits  as  antibacterial activities on two species of pathogenic bacteria (klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli) and its role in reducing side effect of methylprednisolone on the some neurotransmitter content in the brain, hormone testosterone and testclture of male albino rats .Date palm pits is most effective in inhibiting  growth  of  bacteria  as  compared  with  antibiotics due  to  differences  in  resistance  of bacteria  to  anti-tested  materials  due  to  change  in  membrane  permeability  of  cells,  thereby hindering  the  entry  of  enzymes  or  excreted  by  the  change  in  the  chemical  composition  of  the constituent chemical. The results showed that the daily oral administration of pits of date palm caused the maximal increase in NE, DA&amp; GABA content was found in the brain stem after  2 weeks. The daily oral administration of methylprednisolone caused decrease in NE,DA&amp; GABA content was found in the brain stem after 2 weeks. Moreover, the daily oral administration of pits of date palm and methylprednisolone caused increase in NE content was found in the brain stem after 2 weeks. The daily oral administration of pits of date palm and methylprednisolone caused a significant increase in testosterone level in serum blood of male albino rat. From the present results,  it  is  clear  that Effect  of  chronic  oral  administration  of  methylprednisolone and  pits  of data  palm  on testicular of  male  albino  rat caused  recovery effect,  notice  high  sperm  in  some tubules and tubular partial late spermatogenic arrest (spermatide level) is only seen in 10-20% of tubules.The  appropriate  recommendations  in  this  study  to  use  nuclei  dates  Antimicrobial  on klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli than the activity of standard antibiotics and the resultsconcluded that using  intended dates date  palm pits as  a preventive measure  to reduce the  side effects resulting from the use of a drug methylprednisolone on the some neurotransmitter contentin the Brain. Hormone Testosterone and testclture in male albino rats.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kau.edu.sa\/Files\/0009004\/Researches\/62106_33127.pdf\">http:\/\/www.kau.edu.sa\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>SHABANI F, KUMAR L 2013. Risk Levels of Invasive Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. in Areas Suitable for Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Cultivation under Various Climate Change Projections. <\/strong>In: PLoS ONE 8(12): e83404. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0083404<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Global climate model outputs involve uncertainties in prediction, which could be reduced by identifying agreements between the output results of different models, covering all assumptions included in each. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. is an invasive pathogen that poses risk to date palm cultivation, among other crops. Therefore, in this study, the future distribution of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., confirmed by CSIRO-Mk3.0 (CS) and MIROC-H (MR) GCMs, was modeled and combined with the future distribution of date palm predicted by the same GCMs, to identify areas suitable for date palm cultivation with different risk levels of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., for 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. Results showed that 40%, 37%, 33% and 28% areas projected to become highly conducive to date palm are under high risk of its lethal fungus, compared with 37%, 39%, 43% and 42% under low risk, for the chosen years respectively. Our study also indicates that areas with marginal risk will be limited to 231, 212, 186 and 172 million hectares by 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. The study further demonstrates that CLIMEX outputs refined by a combination of different GCMs results of different species that have symbiosis or parasite relationship, ensure that the predictions become robust, rather than producing hypothetical findings, limited purely to publication.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0083404;jsessionid=19F52DA7790092D365C51B0A783A0AB7\">http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>3. BIBLIO Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (RPW)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><b style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Le r\u00e9seau de jardins botaniques franco-italiens\u00a0 Riviera Gardens a vu le jour r\u00e9cemment \u00e0 l\u2019invitation de la Principaut\u00e9 de Monaco. Il<\/b><b style=\"color: #008000; font-family: tahoma, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\"> vise \u00e0 impulser et coordonner une strat\u00e9gie de Lutte Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e (Integrated Pest Management = IPM), au travers de la mise en commun de ses expertises et de ses moyens, notamment en mati\u00e8re de Recherche et de D\u00e9veloppement. En savoir plus ici: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=9990\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Link<\/span><\/a><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>HAMIDI<\/strong> <strong>R., SCHMIDT-BUESSER D., COUZI P., LHERMINIER B, KHFIF K., RENOU M., AVAND-FAGHIH A., ROCHAT D. 2013. Pi\u00e9geage olfactif du charan\u00e7on rouge du palmier : bases, bonnes pratiques, limites et perspectives. <\/strong>In: AFPP \u2013 3e conf\u00e9rence sur l\u2019entretien des espaces verts, jardins, gazons, for\u00eats, zones aquatiques et autres zones non agricoles, Toulouse \u2013 15, 16 et 17 octobre 2013, 11p.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Cet article est une synth\u00e8se critique sur le pi\u00e9geage olfactif du Charan\u00e7on Rouge du Palmier (CRP) \u00e0 l\u2019aide de ph\u00e9romone. Le CRP est le ravageur le plus destructif des dattiers et des palmiers d\u2019ornement dans la zone m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne et est esp\u00e8ce de quarantaine dans l\u2019UE. Le CRP poss\u00e8de un odorat tr\u00e8s sensible. Il est attir\u00e9 par l\u2019odeur \u00e9manant des palmiers et par une  ph\u00e9romone  d\u2019agr\u00e9gation  m\u00e2le.  On  peut  capturer  efficacement  les  CRP  \u00e0  l\u2019aide  de pi\u00e8ges  attractifs  \u00e9mettant  de  la  ph\u00e9romone  synth\u00e9tique,  de  l\u2019ac\u00e9tate d\u2019\u00e9thyle  et  une  odeur naturelle  produite  par  la  fermentation  de  tissus  v\u00e9g\u00e9taux  sucr\u00e9s,  dont  l\u2019association  est synergique. Cette technique est indispensable \u00e0 tout plan de gestion et d\u2019\u00e9radication du CRP pour d\u00e9tecter les adultes, localiser les palmiers infest\u00e9s et \u00e9liminer en masse l\u2019insecte. Les param\u00e8tres  cl\u00e9s  du  pi\u00e9geage,  ses  avantages,  ses  limites  et  les  pistes  de  recherche explor\u00e9es pour l\u2019am\u00e9liorer sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s et discut\u00e9s.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sauvonsnospalmiers.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/13_-_hamidi_rachid.pdf\">http:\/\/www.sauvonsnospalmiers.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>PELTIER J.B. 2013. Am\u00e9lioration du syst\u00e8me de pi\u00e9geage. <\/strong>In\u00a0: INRA, SUPAGRO.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Les pi\u00e8ges am\u00e9lior\u00e9s ayant des ouvertures uniquement lat\u00e9rales sont recouverte de fibres de palmiers (Trachycarpus fortunei) pour faciliter la mont\u00e9e des charan\u00e7ons et emp\u00eacher l\u2019entr\u00e9e d\u2019insectes ou d\u2019animaux non cibl\u00e9s. Une huile v\u00e9g\u00e9tale est dispos\u00e9e au fond du seau afin d\u2019\u00e9viter la putr\u00e9faction, ce qui permet une autonomie de plus de 3 mois m\u00eame par forte chaleur. Un sac contenant environ 500g de palmier ferment\u00e9 remplace les fruits ferment\u00e9s ce qui facilite aussi la maintenance, avec tous les ~45 J, l\u2019ajout de sucre de canne liquide sur les fibres ferment\u00e9es qui permet le red\u00e9marrage de la fermentation sans autre intervention.\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.montpellier.inra.fr\/rhynchophorus\/sources\/index.php?page=rhynchophorus_lutte_pieges_ameliores\">http:\/\/www1.montpellier.inra.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Version pdf\u00a0: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www1.montpellier.inra.fr\/rhynchophorus\/pdf\/rhynchophorus_ferrugineus_pieges_ameliores_peltier_inra_montpellier.pdf\">http:\/\/www1.montpellier.inra.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>PEREZ-OTERO R. , MANSILLA\u00a0 J.P., LAMELO R.J. 2013. Primera cita del picudo rojo de las palmeras, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier 1790 (Coleoptera Curculionoidea Dryophthoridae), en Galicia (NO de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica). <\/strong>In: Arquivos E Ntomol\u00f3xicos, 8: 97-101.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Se ha detectado en Galicia el picudo rojo de las palmeras, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier 1790), en una planta de Phoenix canariensis Hortulanorum ex Chabaud 1882 en Gondomar (Pontevedra). \u00c9sta es la primera cita de este insecto en el noroeste de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aegaweb.com\/arquivos_entomoloxicos\/ae08_2013_perez_otero_et_al_picudo_palmeras_rhynchophorus_ferrugineus_galicia.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aegaweb.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>PINHAS J., SOROKER V., HETZRONI A., MIZRACH A., TEICHER M., GOLDBERGER J. 2008. Automatic acoustic detection of the red palm weevil. <\/strong>In\u00a0: Computers and electronics in agriculture (2008).<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The red palm weevil (RPW) is a key pest of horticultural and ornamental palm species in Asia,the Middle East and the Mediterranean region, currently dispersing in Mediterranean Euro-pean countries, endangering the landscape. The RPW larvae bore deep into palm crowns,trunks and offshoots, concealed from visual inspection until the palms are nearly dead.Traded palm trees are intensively transported between and within countries, spreading thepest worldwide. Consequently, an urgent need exists to identify and monitor concealed RPWlarvae. Acoustic signals of boring RPW larvae can be recorded from the infested palms usingoff-the-shelf recording devices, but the resolution of the signals emitted by healthy palmsis often dif\ufb01cult to discriminate. The purpose of this research was to develop a mathemat-ical method to automatically detect acoustic activity of RPW in offshoots and implementit in a prototype setup. The methodology applied was similar to techniques used in the\ufb01eld of speech recognition, utilizing Vector quantization (VQ) or Gaussian mixture model-ing (GMM). The algorithm successfully achieved detection ratios as high as 98.9%. The studyshows that it is feasible to detect RPW sounds using the mathematical method of speechrecognition and commercial recording devices, which could be utilized to monitor trade andtransportation of offshoots.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eng.biu.ac.il\/~goldbej\/papers\/JoelPinhas_paper.pdf\">http:\/\/www.eng.biu.ac.il\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>RUGMAN-JONES P. F., HODDLE C. D., HODDLE M. S., STOUTHAMER R. 2013. The Lesser of Two Weevils: Molecular-Genetics of Pest Palm Weevil Populations Confirm Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Panzer 1798) as a Valid Species Distinct from R. ferrugineus (Olivier 1790), and Reveal the Global Extent of Both.<\/strong> In: PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, No. 10. (15 October 2013)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><a title=\"Abstract. The red palm weevil (RPW) is a major pest of palms. It is native to southeast Asia and Melanesia, but in recent decades has vastly expanded its range as the result of multiple accidental anthropogenic introductions into the Middle East, Mediterranean Basin, Caribbean, and U.S.A. Currently regarded as a single species, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), RPW displays remarkable color variation across its range, and consequently has a taxonomic history littered with new species descriptions and synonymization. We compared DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from RPW populations throughout the native and invaded ranges, to investigate the specific status and invasion history of this serious economic pest, and to identify possible common routes of entry. Analyses of COI haplotype data provide conclusive support, corroborated by sequences of additional nuclear gene regions, for the existence of at least two predominantly allopatric species. The true R. ferrugineus is native only to the northern and western parts of continental southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and the Philippines, and is responsible for almost all invasive populations worldwide. In contrast, the second species, which is currently synonymized under R. ferrugineus and should be resurrected under the name R. vulneratus (Panzer), has a more southern distribution across Indonesia, and is responsible for only one invasive population; that in California, U.S.A. The distribution of COI haplotypes is used to discuss the possible existence of further cryptic species, sources and routes of entry of different invasive populations, and the implications of our findings for current control methods.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0078379\">http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>{tab=NETWORKS}<\/p>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Nouvelles des r\u00e9seaux<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">SOMMAIRE<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">1. NEWS<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">2. RECENSIONS<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>1. NEWS<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>December 2013<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>CRA CER (FOGGIA-ITALY)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Genetic diversity of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)\u00a0 cultivars from Algeria<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"La dott.ssa Hanane Bedjaoui (D\u00e9partement d'Agronomie-Universit\u00e9 de Biskra. Algeria) terr\u00e0 un seminario dal titolo: Genetic diversity of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars from Algeria il 10 Dicembre 2013, ore 10.30 presso la sala convegni del CRA-Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura. \" href=\"http:\/\/www.cerealresearchcentre.it\/main\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=239:10122013-seminario-genetic-diversity-of-date-palm-phoenix-dactylifera-ln-cultivars-from-algeria&amp;catid=40:news&amp;Itemid=189\">http:\/\/www.cerealresearchcentre.it\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>January 2014 (4)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>DIADE (IRD-FRANCE) \/ FACULTE DES SCIENCES DE TUNIS<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Soutenance de th\u00e8se<\/strong>: Exploration des marqueurs mol\u00e9culaires pour l&rsquo;identification du sexe chez le palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera) de la dioecie et de l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des chromosomes sexuels chez quelques esp\u00e8ces<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link\u00a0: <a title=\"Auteur: CHERIF Emira. Sous la direction du Pr. Amel SALHI-HANNACHI Encadrants: Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Aberlenc et Amel SALHI-HANNACHI, Salwa ZEHDI, LGMIB, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de Tunis  R\u00e9sum\u00e9: Si la stricte s\u00e9paration des sexes est largement r\u00e9pandue dans le monde animal, elle est en revanche tr\u00e8s rare chez les plantes. La diff\u00e9renciation et l'\u00e9volution des chromosomes sexuels est par cons\u00e9quent un aspect important de l\u2019\u00e9tude des plantes dio\u00efques. Chez le palmier dattier, (o\u00f9 seules les femelles productrices de dattes pr\u00e9sentent un int\u00e9r\u00eat agronomique), il est impossible de d\u00e9terminer le sexe des individus avant l'\u00e2ge reproductif, car le m\u00e9canisme de d\u00e9termination du sexe est inconnu. Cette \u00e9tude g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, men\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019aide de marqueurs microsatellites dans une approche populationnelle, vise \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser des marqueurs pr\u00e9coces du sexe. Elle a permis l\u2019identification de trois loci li\u00e9s au sexe qui g\u00e9n\u00e8rent des all\u00e8les males sp\u00e9cifiques permettant la discrimination du sexe \u00e0 100%. Elle a permis \u00e9galement de  confirmer l'existence d'un syst\u00e8me chromosomique XY avec une r\u00e9gion XY non-recombinante dans le g\u00e9nome du palmier dattier. De plus, une tr\u00e8s faible diversit\u00e9 associ\u00e9e aux haplotypes Y est g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par ces loci, ce qui est coh\u00e9rent avec une transmission paternelle clonale de la r\u00e9gion non-recombinante m\u00e2le. Les r\u00e9sultats obtenus permettent d\u2019\u00e9tablir le palmier dattier comme un mod\u00e8le biologique poss\u00e9dant des chromosomes sexuels parmi les plus anciens rencontr\u00e9s chez les angiospermes.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.diade-research.fr\/pages\/theses\/theses.html\">http:\/\/www.diade-research.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>February 2014<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>KHALIFA DATE PALM AWARD (UAE)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Date Palms Through the Eyes of the World<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link:\u00a0<a title=\"The Date Palm Award has invited photographers to its international photography competition titled &quot;Date Palms Through the Eyes of the World&quot;. \" href=\"http:\/\/www.uaeinteract.com\/docs\/Khalifa_Date_Palm_Photography_Competition_invites_entries_for_5th_edition\/56147.htm\">http:\/\/www.uaeinteract.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>2. RECENSIONS<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>ANDOZA<\/strong><strong> (ZAGORA-MORROCCO)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>November 2013 <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>2\u00b0 Forum International des oasis et du d\u00e9veloppement local<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"L'objectif de ce forum \u00e9tait de soutenir et promouvoir la strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9veloppement des zones oasiennes. Plusieurs recommandations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exprim\u00e9es, portant essentiellement sur l'\u00e9conomie oasienne et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de diversifier les activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus dans les oasis, de la bonne gestion des ressources en eau, de l'importance de la recherche scientifique et le renforcement de capacit\u00e9s des diff\u00e9rents acteurs, et pour finir des recommandations portant sur les politiques publiques pour l'am\u00e9nagement et la mise en valeurs des oasis marocaines.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.libe.ma\/Jaouad-Naciri-Les-oasis-ont-un-grand-role-a-jouer-dans-l-economie-nationale_a44611.html\">http:\/\/www.libe.ma\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>CG LANDES<\/strong><strong> (FRANCE)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>December 2013 <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Exposition Herbiers tr\u00e9sors vivants<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Conserv\u00e9s par des institutions de natures diff\u00e9rentes, les herbiers cherchent \u00e0 valoriser ces collections fragiles, maintenues en r\u00e9serve et donc souvent inaccessibles, alors qu'elles sont sources d'histoire et de connaissances botaniques, en particulier comme t\u00e9moins de la biodiversit\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s Bordeaux et Mont-de-Marsan, une exposition itin\u00e9rante, intitul\u00e9e \u00ab Herbiers, tr\u00e9sors vivants \u00bb, s'installe \u00e0 Dax jusqu'au 29 d\u00e9cembre prochain. \u00c0 l'origine de cette exposition, un projet de num\u00e9risation d'herbiers centenaires, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 entre 2008 et 2010 \u00e0 l'initiative du Conseil g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Landes. \" href=\"http:\/\/www.sudouest.fr\/2012\/07\/10\/les-herbiers-prennent-racine-au-musee-de-borda-765518-706.php\">http:\/\/www.sudouest.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>ESA Meeting Entomology 2013 (AUSTIN USA)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>November 2013 <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Genetic control of Red Palm Weevil<\/strong> by <strong>Luke ALPHEY<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"In a RIDL control programme \u2018sterile\u2019 male insects of the pest species are periodically released to mate with the target pest population; death of progeny due to inheritance of the RIDL transgene leads to population reduction. Such methods use the mate-seeking behaviour of the modified males to find the females, even if hidden or present only at low density. The mating-based action also makes such methods extremely species-specific, with minimal off-target effects on other organisms. The RIDL method is \u2018self-limiting\u2019; making it controllable and reversible, in contrast to \u2018self-sustaining\u2019 methods where the genetic change needs to persist in the wild population. RIDL strains have been developed for several pest species, with successful field trials for the mosquito Aedes aegypti. \" href=\"http:\/\/esa.confex.com\/esa\/2013\/webprogram\/Paper78993.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/esa.confex.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>FLORABASE (AUSTRALIA)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>December 2013<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>The western Australian Flora\u00a0: Phoenix dactylifera<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Distribution : Beard\u2019s Provinces: Eremaean Province, Northern Province, South-West Province. IBRA Regions: Avon Wheatbelt, Carnarvon, Ord Victoria Plain, Pilbara, Victoria Bonaparte. IBRA Subregions: Avon Wheatbelt P2, Cape Range, Chichester, Fortescue, Hamersley, Ord, Ord-Victoria Plains P1, Roebourne, Victoria Bonaparte P1, Wooramel. Local Government Areas (LGAs): Ashburton, Brookton, Carnarvon, East Pilbara, Halls Creek, Roebourne, Wyndham-East Kimberley.\" href=\"http:\/\/florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au\/browse\/profile\/1042\">http:\/\/florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>INRA (UMR PIAF-FRANCE)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>F\u00e9vrier 2013<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Digitilisation 3D de l&rsquo;architecture des plantes <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link\u00a0: <a title=\"Dans le cadre de l'\u00e9cophysiologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale, mesurer l'architecture des plantes permet d'obtenir des maquettes v\u00e9g\u00e9tales, utilis\u00e9es pour v\u00e9rifier des mod\u00e8les de simulation de la croissance, ou pour \u00e9tudier des aspects de son fonctionnement. L'architecture d'une plante d\u00e9crit les liaisons entre ses constituants (ramifications: notion de topologie), ainsi que la distribution des constituants dans l'espace (position, orientation, dimension et forme : notion de g\u00e9om\u00e9trie). La digitalisation 3D consiste \u00e0 mesurer les coordonn\u00e9es spatiales \u00e0 l'aide d'un pointeur qu'un op\u00e9rateur positionne sur la plante. Au prix d'une intervention manuelle importante, la digitalisation 3D est \u00e0 l'heure actuelle une m\u00e9thode de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour caract\u00e9riser la structure des plantes: tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments peuvent \u00eatre mesur\u00e9s, et l'acquisition des coordonn\u00e9es 3D peut \u00eatre coupl\u00e9e avec d'autres types de mesure permettant de caract\u00e9riser les points digitalis\u00e9s, en particulier la nature des constituants botaniques et leur position dans la topologie de la plante. \" href=\"http:\/\/www6.clermont.inra.fr\/piaf\/Methodes\/Architecture-3D\">http:\/\/www6.clermont.inra.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>KING FAISAL UNIVERSITY (SAUDY ARABIA)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>November 2013 <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>Fifth Symposium on Date Palm<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Abstracts\u00a0of the communications: <a title=\"This Symposium has treated about Biotechnology in date palm on the following topics: *Biotechnology in dates processing *Biotechnology in date palm production and physiology *Date palm biodiversity *Biotechnology in date palm protection *Economics of date Bio-products *Economics of green, red and white biotechnology *Prospects of date palm innovations and new technologies. \" href=\"http:\/\/www.5thpalm.org\/upload\/AbstractsBookEnglish.pdf\">http:\/\/www.5thpalm.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>RADDO NETWORK (MAGHREB)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>December 2013<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><strong>D\u00e9veloppement durable des oasis du Maghreb<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\">Link: <a title=\"Afin de prot\u00e9ger et valoriser le patrimoine et l\u2019activit\u00e9 des oasis du Maghreb, le R\u00e9seau RADDO promeut la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile oasienne. L\u2019AFD lui a renouvell\u00e9 son soutien en accordant une subvention au CARI (coordinateur) de 600 000 euros sur trois ans. Le soutien r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 de l\u2019AFD permet au RADDO de s\u2019engager dans un renforcement des plates formes nationales, le renforcement de sa transversalit\u00e9 au niveau r\u00e9gional et son \u00e9largissement \u00e0 deux nouveaux pays, le Niger et le Tchad. \" href=\"http:\/\/www.afd.fr\/home\/AFD\/nospartenaires\/ONG?actuCtnId=105086\">http:\/\/www.afd.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>{\/tabs}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En savoir plus sur le Dies Palmarum et les traditions religieuses des palmiers dans le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en: Robert CASTELLANA 2000. Culture, Introduction et Diffusion de&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?p=6512\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">DIES PALMARUM 2013<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-letter","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6512"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6512\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10941,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6512\/revisions\/10941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}