{"id":8633,"date":"2016-02-16T17:04:36","date_gmt":"2016-02-16T16:04:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=8633"},"modified":"2023-04-24T13:45:46","modified_gmt":"2023-04-24T12:45:46","slug":"websurwey","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=8633","title":{"rendered":"WEBSURWEY"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-3919\" src=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Logo-CRP.jpg\" alt=\"Logo CRP\" width=\"181\" height=\"135\" \/><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>Une \u00e9tude datant de 2006 recensait quelques 2465 r\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques relatives au palmier-dattier, publi\u00e9es pour l&rsquo;essentiel depuis 1980. Dix ans plus tard, on compte une centaine de publications annuelles sur ce seul sujet. Les diverses pages de ce site visent \u00e0 fournir un acc\u00e8s organis\u00e9 par th\u00e8mes aux publications portant sur le genre Phoenix et accessibles gratuitement sur le web. La rubrique WEBSURWEY recense les publications des ann\u00e9es 2012 \u00e0 2015.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>Ref. 2006.<\/strong> <strong>ANWAR, MUMTAZ<\/strong> A. <strong>Phoenix Dactylifera L. A Bibliometric Study Of The Literature On Date Palm.<\/strong> In Malaysian Journal of Library &amp; Information Science, Vol.11, no.2, Dec 2006: 41-60. Link : <a href=\"http:\/\/umrefjournal.um.edu.my\/filebank\/published_article\/2059\/386.pdf\">http:\/\/umrefjournal.um.edu.my\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Voir aussi notre bibliographie relative au ravageur des palmiers (Red Palm Weevil <\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u2013 <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus<\/em>):<\/span><\/strong><\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=8659\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">listephoenix.com<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>{tab=2015}<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABASS M.H., HASSAN Z.K., AL-JABARY K.M.A. 2015. Assessment of heavy metals pollution in soil and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaves sampled from Basra Iraq governorate. <\/strong>In: AES Bioflux, 2015, Volume 7, Issue 1. <a title=\"Abstract. The leaves and soil of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were assessed for their pollution by different heavy metals (HMs) including Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb. Three different areas at Basra governorate have been selected to be as rural (Shaat Al-Arab area - SAR), industrial (Najibiy Power Station area - NPS) and Al-Zubair high way area - ZHW. The concentrations of HMs were analysed in both soil and leaves by using Atomic Absorption. Results showed that the highest levels of pollution were observed at ZHW, both in soil and leaves samples; which were 58.20 and 19.50 mg kg -1 , respectively, followed by NPS and reported the means of 51.30 and 11.90 mg kg -1 , respectively. The lowest averages of pollution by HMs were seen at SAR area. It was found that the Pb concentrations were the highest among examined HMs and recorded the values of 115.0 and 40.40 mg kg -1 , in soil and leaves of date palm, respectively, followed by Cr, while the lowest averages of pollution were observed with Cd in both soil and date palm leaves samples. The dominant of HMs found in the order of Pb&gt; Cr&gt; Ni&gt; Co&gt; Cd, in soil and date palm leaves. The highest levels of Pb, Cd and Ni were found to be exceeded the permissible levels of EU standards in the soils of ZHW and NPS, thus, required an urgent interaction to reduce these risky levels by suitable soil remediation procedures.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aes.bioflux.com.ro\/docs\/2015.52-59.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aes.bioflux.com.ro\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABDEL-AAL M.A., NASSER R.A., KHAN P.R., AL-MEFARREJ H.A. 2015. Anatomical and physical characterisations of some lignocellulosic residues and their suitability for fibre production. <\/strong>In: Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol. 36, 543-549. May 2015. <a title=\"Lignocellulosic residues cause many environmental problems; therefore, conversion of these residues to pulp and paper production will reduce these problems in Saudi Arabia. Residues from Phoenix dactylifera, Triticum aestivum and Conocarpus erectus, in addition to woody materials such as hardwood Tamarix aphylla and softwood Juniperus procera, were evaluated using anatomical characteristics to investigate the suitability of these residues for the pulp and paper industry. The results revealed that lignocellulosic residues had fibre lengths similar to or longer than hardwood fibres, but did not reach softwood fibre length because in softwood tracheids and tracheids are longer than other fibres. Fibre from lignocellulosic residues was similar to hardwood fibre, so lignocellulosic residues can be used for pulp and paper production. The fibre distribution of C. erectus prunings was similar to that of hardwood (T. aphylla), whereas distribution of P. dactylifera was similar to that of softwood (J. procera). Regarding wheat straw (T. aestivum), distribution of fibre was between those of hardwood and softwood. It is expected that handsheet formed from C. erectus and T. aestivum pulp would give a smoother paper, whereas P. dactylifera and J. procera pulps would be high in most strength properties than handsheet from other species because short fibres will fill the voids in the paper sheet whereas strength properties would increase with increasing fibre length.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jeb.co.in\/journal_issues\/201505_may15\/paper_04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.jeb.co.in\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABED EL-AZIM M.H.M., EL-MESALAMY A.M.D., YASSIN F.A., KHALIL S.A. 2015. Identification Phenolic and Biological Activities of Methanolic Extract of Date Palm Pollen (Phoenix dactylifera). <\/strong>In: J Microb Biochem Technol 2015, 7:1. <a title=\"Abstract. Pollen of the date palm (DPP) has been used for long time as a traditional Egyptian herbal medicine forimproving male and female fertility. The chemical investigation of date pollen resulted from polar solvent. Six compounds which were identified as Caffeic Acid, Gallic Acid, Coumaric Acid, Chlorogenic Acid, Catchinand Quercetin.Also in this work represent the impact polar extract on biological activity;Antibacterial activity was done against six species pathogenic bacteria, it has a strong value at 22 mm inhibition zone with Staphylococcus Epidermises. Antifungal activity was done against two species pathogenic fungi, the extract and ketoconazole have the value with the two species. Finally the extract was tested against three human cell lines, and the results showed that it has cytotoxic activity against all cell lines.\" href=\"http:\/\/omicsonline.org\/open-access\/identification-phenolic-and-biological-activities-of-methanolic-extract-of-date-palm-pollen-phoenix-dactylifera-1948-5948.1000180.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/omicsonline.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABOU-ELELLA F., MOURAD R. 2015. Anticancer and Anti-oxidant Potentials of Ethanolic Extracts of Phoenix dactylifera, Musa acuminata and Cucurbita maxima. <\/strong>In: RJPBCS 6(1) Page No. 710. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. The total phenols and flavonoids , anticancer and antioxidant activities ethanol extracts of three plants (Phoenix dactylifera Musa acuminata and Cucurbita maxima ) was determined. The total phenolic contents was computed to be (342 \u00b5g\/mL gallic acid equivalents in ethanol extract of banana fruit while the highest total flavonoids was in ethanol extract of molasses date (1424\u00b5M as rutin equivalent). In vitro anticancer activity was determined using EACC and HeLa cell lines . In vitro anticancer activity against EACC revealed that the maximum inhibition was observed in ethanol extract of pumpkin seeds ( 100% at 100\u00b5g\/ml) while the maximum inhibition against HeLa cell line was observed in ethanol extract of date seeds ( 90% at 100\u00b5g\/ml). The antioxidant activity was determined using three different methods ( DPPH, ABTS scavenging activity and reducing power ). DPPH scavenging activity was found to be 85 and 84 % in ethanol extracts of date seed and banana fruit, respectively. ABTS scavenging activity was found to be 98, 98, 95 and 95 % in ethanol extracts of seeds, molasses of date, fruit and peel of banana, respectively . The reducing power was 873, 833 and 871 \u00b5g\/mL (GAE) in the ethanol extracts of molasses , seeds and fruit of date .Four different formulas were prepared from tested plants and the sensory evaluation of these formulas showed that prepared formulas were judged as highly accepted. The results showed that ethanol extracts of date parts , banana peel pumpkin seeds are promising new antioxidant and anticancer agents and prepared formulas could be used as a daily healthy supplement.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rjpbcs.com\/pdf\/2015_6%281%29\/%5b90%5d.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rjpbcs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABOUTALEBI A., MOHAMMADI A. 2015. Evaluating the effects of 2,4-D, naphthalene acetic and potassium nitrate on yield and fruit quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cv. Zahedi. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Biosciences. Vol. 6, No. 1, p. 192-200, 2015. <a title=\"Abstract. In order to induce the increase fruit size and yield of Zahedi date palm in the Farrashband region in Fars province an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of 2,4-D, NAA and potassium nitrate. This experiment was performed as a factorial arrangement in a complete randomized block design with 4 replications. 36 Zahedi date palm trees were selected. 2,4-D (20, 30 and 40 mg\/L), NAA (30, 60 and 90 mg\/L) and potassium nitrate (1% and 2%) were applied on fruit brunches at the beginning of Kimiri stage (6 weeks after pollination) followed by another application 4 weeks later. Four trees were untreated and left as controls. The results showed that 2,4-D (40 mg\/L) and NAA (30 and 60 mg\/L) at stages significantly increased fruit length, diameter and weight compared with untreated ones. These treatments resulted fruit ripening delayed and significantly decreased TSS as compared with control. Generally, NAA (30 and 60 mg\/L) increased fruit size and delayed fruit ripening for 4 to 5 weeks.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.innspub.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/IJB-V6No1-p192-200.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.innspub.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABSI K., BALHAMRA M., FARHI Y., HALIS Y. 2015. A comparison of the reproduction of collareddoves Streptopelia decaocto and turtle doves Streptopelia turtur in the Ziban Oases (Biskra, Algeria). <\/strong>In: Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2015; 3 (2): 286-289. <a title=\"Abstract The expansion of the palm groves of the southeasterly oases of the Ziban (Biskra, Algeria), from 2 to 4 million palms of it spaces in the last decade seems to have permitted a fast colonization by the Colombidae. During five and half months in 2008, from the end of March until the end of August, we led the observations and a regular follow-up in order to surround the main parameters of the nest building and reproduction among the doves Streptopelia decaocto and S. turtur. We followed the activity of two samples of reference, composed of N1=21 nests of S decaocto and N2=30 nests of S. turtur. The nests were constructed by two varieties of date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera): Mech degla and Deglet nour. The respective mean heights of the nests for S. decaocto were HS T1 = 6, 11\u00b1 1,006 m (N=14) and HS T2 = 4, 57\u00b1 1,12m (N=7). While, the mean heights of S. turtur were HS B1 = 5, 28\u00b1 1,15m (N=16) and HS B2 = 4, 04 \u00b1 1,29m, (N=14). The global breeding success for the two species of doves was homogeneous enough; it oscillated between 0, 50 for S. decaocto and 0, 56 for S. turtur. It was in the same way for the rates of daily survivals (\u015d T = 0, 9424 S. decaocto and \u015d B = 0, 9511 for S. turtur).\" href=\"http:\/\/www.entomoljournal.com\/vol3Issue2\/pdf\/3-2-65.1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.entomoljournal.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ADAWY S.S., ATIA M.A.M., EL-ITRIBY H.A. 2015. Sex-Differentiation Based on Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) with 5s and 45s rDNA of Egyptian Date Palm Trees. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research. Vol 6, Issue2, 2015, pp144-151. <a title=\"ABSTRACT: The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), 2n=36, is a dioecious long-lived monocotyledonous plant, which belongs to the family Arecaceae. It is one of the excellent candidate crops in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Recently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a powerful and useful tool for the direct detection of specific DNA fragments in the genome. In this technique, ribosomal DNA genes (45S and 5S rDNA) are commonly used as markers for the physical mapping of plant chromosomes to analyze genomic organization. To date, there is no report on rDNA loci in Phoenix dactylifera detected by FISH. The objective of this study was to develop a sex-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) markers with 5S and 45S rDNA in Egyptian Date Palm Trees (cv. Zaghloul and Siwi). The results successfully revealed clear differences between males and females belonging to both cv. Zaghloul and Siwi by using 45S rDNA FISH. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 45S rDNA localized two clear telomeric intermediate-signals in female palm trees belonging to cv. Zaghloul and Siwi. While, it exhibited three clear telomeric intermediate-signals in male trees belonging to cv. Zaghloul and Siwi. On the other hand, results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S rDNA didn\u2019t reveal any clear differences between males and females belonging to cv. Siwi. Based on the above results, we hypothesize that the third signal (unpaired signal) of 45S rDNA probe characterized in both Siwi and Zaghloul males is located on a male chromosome (Y chromosome). This finding can be utilized and used as cytological marker to differentiate between male and female trees in Egyptian date palm at an early stage.\" href=\"http:\/\/bipublication.com\/files\/IJABR-V6I2-2015-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/bipublication.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ALFAIFI S.A., KHAN, MIGDADI, JAKSE, AMMAR, EL-HARTY, ALTHAMRAH, AFZAL, JAVED, ALGHAMDI 2015. Analysis of ESTs from the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Sukary, an elite variety<\/strong>. In\u00a0: POJ 8(5):441-448 (2015). <a title=\"Abstract. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from a normalized cDNA library of the date palm cv. Sukary to uncover the transcriptomic profile of this well-known high-quality variety in Saudi Arabia. The RNA was isolated from leaves and developed fruits at different stages from a single Sukary female tree. Total RNA was pooled and the normalized cDNA were cloned into a pAL17.3 cloning vector. The positives clones were sequenced using BigDye\u00ae Terminator chemistry. A total of 6943 high quality ESTs were generated, out of which 6671 ESTs were submitted to Gene bank dbEST (LIBEST_028537). The generated ESTs were assembled into 6362 unigenes, consisting of 494 (14.4%) contigs and 5868 (84.53%) singletons. The functional annotation showed that the majority of the ESTs were associated with binding (44%), catalytic (40%), transporter (5%) and structural molecular activities (5%). The Blastx results showed that 73% of the unigenes have significant similarities to known plant genes and 27% were novel. The latter could be of particular interest in date palm genetic studies. Further analysis showed that some ESTs were categorized as stress\/defense and fruit development related genes. These newly generated ESTs could significantly enhance date palm EST databases that are in the public domain and are available to scientists and researchers across the globe.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pomics.com\/migdadi_8_5_2015_441_448.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.pomics.com\/migdadi_8_5_2015_441_448.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ALI M.A., AL-HATTAB T.A., AL-HYDARY I.A. 2015 . Extraction of date palm seed oil (Phoenix dactylifera) by Soxhlet apparatus.<\/strong> In\u00a0: International Journal of Advances in Engineering &amp; Technology, June, 2015, Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp. 261-271. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Oil extraction from date palm seeds (Iraqi date palm) is done by standard solvent extraction method using a Soxhlet apparatus. This work is aiming to investigate the extraction of palm seed oil as a cheap feedstock for producing bio-oil and determine the fatty acid composition of bio-oil. Parameters such as particle size, extraction time and type of solvent are optimized in order to enhance the yield of bio oil production. The bio-oil is characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Some of the basic fuel properties such as iodine value, saponification value, acid value, density, refractive index and kinematic viscosity are investigated to characterize fuel quality of the bio-oil. The extraction process was carried out on a laboratory scale with particle size 2mm, 1mm and 0.425mm for different time 1h, 2h, 4h and 6h. Particle size of 2 mm was chosen in order to study the effect of solvent type. The optimal conditions to obtain the highest oil yield of 8.5 % (w\/w) were 120 min, 0.425 mm and n-hexane extracted time, particle size of grounded seed and type of solvent, respectively. The physical properties viscosity, density and refractive index were 29 CP, 0.925 g\/cm 2 and 1.444 respectively.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijaet.org\/media\/3I27-IJAET0827749-v8-iss3-261-271.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijaet.org\/media\/3I27-IJAET0827749-v8-iss3-261-271.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-ISSA A.M. 2015. Electorophoresis analysis of proteins from different date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars in Saudi Arabia. <\/strong>In: African Journal of Biotechnology. Vol. 14(15), pp. 1325-1333, 15 April, 2015. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Fifteen (15) samples of different date palm cultivars were collected from different locations in Al-Ahsa oasis in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Extracted proteins from these samples were analyzed by electrophoresis, and clustered according to the average linkage between groups hierarchical clustering method. The results reveal high degree of similarity based on Jaccard&#96;s similarity method on the basis of presence and absence of bands, that ranged between 0.421 to 0.917, which was represented by phylogenetic dendrogram in six clusters. The closely related cultivars &quot;Hel&quot; and &quot;Hat&quot; in addition to &quot;Khl&quot; represent the sixth cluster, which is separated out of other cultivars with high degree of similarity that ranged between 0.636 to 0.714; it was confirmed by the first principal component with high loading (52.3%), and characterized by four bands (92, 100, 205 and 108 kda). These bands were mostly positioned close to each other in the scatter diagram. The second principal component with loading of 15.7%, which were represented by three bands 19, 25, and 37 kda, have been confirmed the first cluster of closely related cultivars &quot;Shi&quot; and &quot;Shl&quot;, as well as the closely related cultivars &quot;Mj&quot; and &quot;OmR&quot; among the second cluster. It can be concluded that most of Al-Ahsa oasis date palm cultivars were from one genetic origin, however, each cultivar was grown from seed of locally known cultivar, and later was selected due to preferred fruit characteristics. More biochemical and molecular studies would be necessary to uncover the genetic relationships between area cultivars.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/article\/article1429601073_Mohammad.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ALKHATEEB S.A., ALKHATEEB A.A., SOLLIMAN M.E.D. 2015. In vitro response of\u00a0date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to\u00a0K Na ratio under\u00a0saline conditions. <\/strong>In\u00a0: Biol Res (2015) 48:63. <a title=\"Abstract *Background: Salinity is a serious factor limiting the productivity of agricultural plants. One of the potential problems for plants growing under saline conditions is the inability to up take enough K+. The addition of K+ may consider\u2011 ably improve the salt tolerance of plants grown under salinity. It is assumed that increasing the K+ supply at the root zone can ameliorate the reduction in growth imposed by high salinity. The present study aims to determine whether an increase in the K\/Na ratio in the external media would enhance the growth of date palm seedlings under in vitro saline conditions. *Methods: Date palm plants were grown at four concentrations of Na + K\/Cl (mol\/m 3 ) with three different K\/Na ratios. The 12 salt treatments were added to modified MS medium. The modified MS medium was further supple\u2011 mented with sucrose at 30 g\/l. *Results: Growth decreased substantially with increasing salinity. Growth expressed as shoot and root weight, enhanced significantly with certain K\/Na ratios, and higher weight was maintained in the presence of equal K and Na. It is the leaf length, leaf thickness and root thickness that had significant contribution on total dry weight. Na+ contents in leaf and root increased significantly increased with increasing salinity but substantial decreases in Na+ contents were observed in the leaf and root with certain K\/Na ratios. This could be attributed to the presence of a high K+ concentration in the media. The internal Na+ concentration was higher in the roots in all treatments, which might indicate a mechanism excluding Na+ from the leaves and its retention in the roots. K\/Na ratios up to one sig\u2011 nificantly increased the leaf and root K+ concentration, and it was most pronounced in leaves. The K+ contents in leaf and root was not proportional to the K+ increase in the media, showing a high affinity for K+ uptake at lower external K+ concentrations, but this mechanism continues to operate even with high external Na+ concentrations. *Conclusion: Increasing K\/Na ratios in the growing media of date plam significantly reduced the absorption of Na+ less than 200 mM and also balance ions compartmentalization.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scielo.cl\/pdf\/bres\/v48\/63.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.scielo.cl\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-NADAWI F.A. 2015. First Record of Five Additional Blackflies Genus and Species in Iraq. <\/strong>In: Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN 2249-9598, Volume-V, Jan 2015 Special Issue. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. In this study we report the identification of five additional blakefly genus and species from Iraq which can be summarized as follows : Aleurolobus marlatti (Quaintance) was found to be infesting Ziziphus spina christi, Ficus corica, Olea europaea, Phoenix dactylifera, P.canariensis, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Morus alba, Rubus spp, Populus sp, Lycium shawi, Trachelospermum jasminoides, Ficus spp, Dodonaea viscosa, Cestrum nocturnum, Clerodendrum splendens, Iresine herbstii, Cassia spp in Iraq . Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh) was found to be infesting Punica gramatum, Citrus sp, Ziziphus spaina Christi at Abo-Noaas Streat along with Dejlla Rever on September 14 , 2012. Three new speciese of Aleurolobus sp was found infesting Ziziphus spaina Christi at the Agriculture Collage, Abo-Graib , Baghdad, specimens were collected on September 14, 2012 and February 11, 2013. This is the first record for the geographical region .literature reveald that this genera has not been record from Iraq so far.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oiirj.org\/oiirj\/jan2015-special-issue\/05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.oiirj.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-SAMIR et alii 2015. Phytotoxic effect of 2,4-D and dicamba on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) tissue cultures at initiation stage. <\/strong>In\u00a0: International Journal of Tropical Agriculture,\u00a033(2 (Part III)), 1433-1436. <a title=\"Abstract. The phytotoxic effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) on procallus growth of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Hillawii cultivar was investigated. Maximum fresh and dry weights of procallus were obtained in 2,4-D 50 mg\/L and dicamba 10 mg\/L. A delay in procallus initiation and severe browning responses were observed in cultured tissues at high concentration of 2,4-D (100 mg\/L) compared to low ones. A biochemical analysis of date palm procallus revealed that the high concentration of 2,4-D (100 mg\/L) led to a significant accumulation of total carbohydrates, free proline content, total phenolic compounds and high activity of peroxidase, as well as, a significant reduction in free amino acid and total soluble protein production, compared to low concentration of 2,4-D 50 mg\/L and Dicamba 10 mg\/L.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aab.bioflux.com.ro\/docs\/2015.96-108.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aab.bioflux.com.ro\/docs\/2015.96-108.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AMBIGAIPALAN P., SHAHIDI F. 2015. Antioxidant Potential of Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seed Protein Hydrolysates and Carnosine in Food and Biological Systems. <\/strong>In: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2015, 63, 864\u2212871. <a title=\"ABSTRACT: Date seed protein hydrolysates were evaluated for antioxidant activity as well as solubility and water-holding capacity in food and biological model systems. Date seed protein hydrolysates as well as carnosine exhibited &gt;80% of solubility over a pH range of 2 \u2212 12. The hydrolysates and carnosine at 0.5% (w\/w) were also found to be e \ufb00 ective in enhancing water- holding capacity and cooking yield in a \ufb01 sh model system, which was nearly similar to sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP; 0.3%, w\/ w). Incorporation of hydrolysates (200 ppm) in \ufb01 sh model systems resulted in the highest inhibition (30%) of oxidation in comparison to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; 9%). In addition, hydrolysates and carnosine inhibited \u03b2 -carotene oxidation by 75%. The hydrolysates (0.1 mg\/mL) inhibited LDL cholesterol oxidation by 60%, whereas carnosine inhibited oxidation by 80% after 12 h of incubation. Additionally, hydrolysates and carnosine e \ufb00 ectively inhibited hydroxyl (6 mg\/mL) and peroxyl (0.1 mg\/ mL) radical-induced DNA scission. Therefore, date seed protein hydrolysates could be used as a potential functional food ingredient for health promotion.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Priyatharini_Ambigaipalan\/publication\/270288480_Antioxidant_Potential_of_Date_%28_Phoenix_dactylifera_L.%29_Seed_Protein_Hydrolysates_and_Carnosine_in_Food_and_Biological_Systems\/links\/551d29120cf2a15336260ed8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ARDALI F.R., OMIDVAR S., KINAKI S.S.H., NEJAD N.D. 2015. Replacing sugar by date syrup in orange drink and produce a new orange drink. <\/strong>In: Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology. March-April 2015, Page 115sq. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Date Syrup is a natural sweetener that it is a suitable replacement for sugar in formulation of food products for reducing the harmful effect of sugar, and improving the nutrient properties. In this Research orange drink Sugar replaced by Date Syrup in amount of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, and then physical, chemical properties, rheological behavior and sensory evaluation of samples were investigated. Statistical analysis by SPSS software and Duncan test at 95% confidence level done. It was concluded that with increasing amount of Date Syrup in formulation of orange drink characteristics such as Ash, pH, Turbidity, were increased but Brix was decreased Rheological properties of samples showed all of treatment introduce behavior of Shear-thickening liquid and flow index more than1. Sensory evaluation of drink showed significant difference between treatments samples and with increasing Date Syrup in formulation of orange drink acceptability of samples increased and among the samples, the highest score belonged to the sample including100% Date Syrup.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijrpb.com\/current%20issues\/1\/v3_is2\/ijrpb%203%282%29%205%20mr%20omidvar%20115-119.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijrpb.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AZEMI M.E., KHODAYAR M.J., NAMJOOYAN F., AYATAMIRI, LADANTAHMASEBI, ABDOLLAHI E. 2015. Inhibitory activities of Phoenix dactylifera, Capparis spinosa, Quercus brantii, and Falcaria vulgaris hydroalcoholic extracts on \u0391\u2013AMYLASE and \u0391\u2013GLUCOSIDASE. <\/strong>In: Int. J. Curr.Res.Chem.Pharma.Sci. 2(4): (2015):19\u201325. <a title=\"Abstract. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with a prevalence of 5% in the general community. One therapeutic approach for diabetes treatment is decreasing postprandial glucose. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase Inhibitors normally use for controlling post prandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Although acarbose and viglibose currently are used as \u03b1- amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, but their side effects such as flatulence and diarrhea cause limitations for usage of these drugs. The aim of present study was to evaluate the \u03b1-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory potentials of Phoenix dactylifera, Capparis spinosa, Quercus brantii and Falcaria vulgaris. The most inhibitory effect on \u03b1- glucosidase was detected by Q. branti with IC 50 =7.19 mg\/ml. This plant also showed a significant effect on \u03b1-amylase inhibition with IC 50 =7.54 mg\/ml. The most inhibitory effect on \u03b1-amylase was by P.dactylifera pollen grains with IC 50 =1.7 mg\/ml. It showed relatively high inhibitory effect on \u03b1-glucosidase with IC 50 =12.2mg\/ml as well.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijcrcps.com\/pdfcopy\/apr2015\/ijcrcps3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijcrcps.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BAHARARA J., AMINI E., SALEK-ABDOLLAHI F., NIKDEL N., ASADI-SAMANI M. 2015. Protective effect of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera) on sperm parameters and sexual hormones in male NMRI mice exposed to low frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz).<\/strong> In\u00a0: Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology, Volume 4, Number 3 (75-80), July 2015. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. *Introduction: Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) induces harmful effects on testis and reproductive activities. In traditional medicine, date palm pollen (DPP) which has remarkable nutritional values is used for curing male infertility and impotency. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of DPP in preventing the detrimental effects of low frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz) on sperm parameters and sexual hormones. *Methods: Adult male mice were randomly divided into 7 groups of 8 and exposed to EMF 4 h\/day for 10 days. In this study experimental groups received DPP with doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg\/ kg, respectively before exposure. At the end of the experiment each group were tested for sperm parameters including: motility, count, morphology, viability and the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone. *Results: Our results revealed that exposure to EMF induced significant reduction (P &lt; .001) in sperm count, viability and progressive motility in comparison with control group. EMF caused abnormalities in sperm and significant decrease in testosterone level while there was no significant difference in level. Administration of DPP before exposure improved the sperm count, viability, motility and testosterone level in experimental groups. In addition, pretreatment with DPP prevented the sperm abnormality induced by EMF. *Conclusion: The results indicate the protective effect of DPP against EMF adverse effects on sperm parameters and sexual hormones in male mice.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.herbmedpharmacol.com\/PDF\/JHP-4-75.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.herbmedpharmacol.com\/P<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BAHARAN et alii 2015. Effects of some plant growth regulators and light on callus induction and explants browning in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in vitro leaves culture. <\/strong>In\u00a0: Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, Vol (5), No (4). <a title=\"Abstract The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of light and plant growth regulators on callus induction and explant browning in date palm cultivar, Estameran in in vitro condition. The explants were pretreated by an antioxidant combination (100 mgl -1 citric acid and 150 mgl -1 ascorbic acid) for 3 days in 5 \u00b0C. Then, the leaf explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 3 gL -1 of activated charcoal, 75 mgl -1 citric acid and 75 mgl -1 ascorbic acid, for 14 days. After that, explants cultured in callogenesis medium were supplemented with 12 different levels of plant growth regulators including 2,4-D (0 and 5 mgl -1 ), TDZ (0 and 5 mgl -1 ), and BAP at three concentrations (0, 5, and 10 mgl -1 ), and two incubation conditions (light condition and absolute darkness). The number of explants that induced callus and browning was recorded after six months. Results indicated that 2,4-D and BAP increased browning and this was exacerbated under light condition. Highest callus induction was achieved in medium supplemented with 5 mgl -1 BAP or with 5 mgl -1 TDZ. This experiment showed that low concentrations of cytokinin induced callus in date palm in vitro leave culture and callus induction increased in darkness.\" href=\"http:\/\/ijpp.iau-saveh.ac.ir\/Files\/Journal\/2015-10-27_07.34.12_4Mohammadi.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ijpp.iau-saveh.ac.ir\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BALL L., AL-FAZARI W., BORRELL J. 2015. Birds of Wadi Sayq, Dhofar, Oman, British Exploring Society expeditions January\u2013March 2012 and 2013. <\/strong>In: Sandgrouse 37 (2015). <a title=\"The first thorough biological assessment of the Dhofar region was conducted in 1977\/1978 by the Oman Flora &amp; Fauna Survey and published as a special report in Journal of Oman Studies (Shaw Reade et al 1980). Since then the wildlife of Oman has become comparatively well known, with the bird fauna particularly well recorded and reported (Eriksen &amp; Victor 2013). In contrast Wadi Sayq, in southernmost Dhofar close to the Yemen border, has received comparatively little scientific attention. Shaw Reade et al (1980) reported a number of new bird species records for Arabia in this area although the survey was limited to just three days. Since then, Wadi Sayq had not been assessed by a dedicated expedition. The British Exploring Society (www.britishexploring.org) led two expeditions, 2012 and 2013, to the area (Borrell &amp; Ball 2012, Ball et al 2013), undertaking detailed surveys of a number of taxonomic groups including insects (Ball 2014), amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds. Wadi Sayq is considered one of the greenest valleys in the Dhofar mountains and is comparatively less affected by human disturbance due to remoteness and inaccessibility than adjacent areas (Annette Patzelt &amp; Hadi Hikmani pers comm February 2012).\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jamesborrell.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Ball-et-al_Sandgrouse-37-2-12-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.jamesborrell.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BAWIS H.A., BUJLIAH K.A., BU-ALI M.A., EL-BELLAJ M., BEN-ABDALLAH 2015. Effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on somatic embryogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). <\/strong>In: International Journal of Agricultural Science Research Vol. 4(2), pp. 031-034, February 2015. <a title=\"In vitro propagation of date palm ensures large scale multiplication of genetically uniform planting material. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in the accumulation of nutritive products (proteins, lipids and glycides) during the development and maturation of asexual embryo formation. This study investigates the impact of abscisic acid on asexual embryo formation in date palm, their maturation, problem of vitrification and oxidation. Embryogenic callus was developed on MS media using the following hormone concentrations (ABA- 2.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1 and 0.0 mg\/l) in a culture at room temperature of \u00b1 25\u00b0C and light for 16 h\/day. Results indicated that maturation of asexual embryo of the date palm variety, Sheshi, after six months of culture and addition of ABA (1.0 mg\/l in media containing NAA 2 mg\/l, BAP 0.5 mg\/l, and Kinetin 0.5 mg\/l) resulted in a high proportion of asexual embryo formation. The study also revealed that increase in the hormone concentration resulted in decrease in the number of embryos obtained.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ahsadatepalm-res.com\/upload\/ebook\/docs\/1427265801.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ahsadatepalm-res.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BESSI H., BELLAGHA S., LEBDI K.G., BIKOBA V., MITCHAM E.J. 2015. Ethyl Formate Fumigation of Dry and Semidry Date Fruits. Experimental Kinetics, Modeling, and Lethal Effect on Carob Moth. <\/strong>In: J. Econ. Entomol. 1\u20137 (2015). <a title=\"ABSTRACT Ethyl formate (EF) was studied as a fumigant agent with the objective to replace methyl bromide (MB) for date fruit disinfestations. Date fruits Phoenix dactylifera \u2018Deglet Nour\u2019 with different initial moisture content (16% for dry dates, 20% for semidry dates, and a mixture of the two types) were separately fumigated with EF at different concentrations: 28.6, 57.3, 85.9, and 114.6 g\/m 3 for 2 h. Experi- mental data of EF sorption during fumigation was successfully fitted to Peleg\u2019s model. This model allows the prediction of the effects of date moisture content and EF concentration on sorption behavior. Sam- ples with different moisture content showed similar EF sorption behavior. Dates were artificially infested with carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller)) at different life stages. Eggs, third- and fifth-instars, and pupae were exposed to 28.6, 57.3, 85.9, and 114.6 g\/m 3 EF for 2 h. Among these life stages, fifth-in- stars were the most resistant to EF fumigation. A 2-h fumigation with 114.6 g\/m 3 EF provided complete control of eggs, third-instars, and pupae of carob moth, and generated 91.6% mortality of fifth-instars. A longer fumigation time or higher EF concentration may provide complete control of all life stages of carob moth.\" href=\"http:\/\/ucanr.edu\/datastoreFiles\/234-2835.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ucanr.edu\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BOUGHEDIRI L. 1991. Mineral composition of the exine of two male date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.).<\/strong> In\u00a0: Grana 30: 525-527. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. The mineral composition of the exine of two male date palms \u201cDeglet-noor\u201d and \u201cTaker- boucht\u201d was examined with Electronic Probe X hlicro Analysis. Fresh pollen grains were dried naturally and untreated, Iiophilized, Gamma-ray irradiated, and analysed. Their composition is compared. A slight distinction between these two male date palms is established.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/00173139109432021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BOULAL A., KIHAL M., KHELIFI C., KARKACHI-GHARBI S. 2015. Improvement of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of the Date\u2019s Fruit Product in South Algeria by Adding Rosemary Herb. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Basic &amp; Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol:15 No:02. <a title=\"Abstract\u2014 The dates are used to prepare several food products, among which the Btana is a best conservation form commonly practiced in the South-west area of Algeria. The peasants add during its preparation one or more aromatic herbs according to the choice and the areas. The present research aims relates to the study of the effectiveness of the methods used from the microbiological quality point of view and the determination of the effect of the plants added during the Btana preparations, for that we followed the evolution of the bacterial load during the conservation. The experience results obtained show a strong regression of the microorganisms in the samples containing Rosemary compared to those, which do not contain it. Another advantage of the use of Rosemary herb is that it enables us to stabilize the pH of date with a less acid degree of a higher quality; these results were supported by a complementary study, which consists in showing the effect of the essential oil of inhibiting Rosemary on some pathogenic microorganisms\u2026etc.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijens.org\/Vol_15_I_02\/159702-4646-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijens.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>CHERIF et alii 2015. Evolution of sex chromosomes is prior to speciation in the dioecious Phoenix species.<\/strong> In\u00a0: bioRxiv preprint. \u00a0<a title=\"Abstract. Understanding the driving forces and molecular processes underlying dioecy and sex chromosome evolution, leading from hermaphroditism to the occurrence of male and female individuals, is of considerable interest in fundamental and applied research. The genus Phoenix, belonging to the family Arecaceae, consists of only dioecious species. Phylogenetic data suggests that the genus Phoenix diverged from a hermaphroditic ancestor shared with its closest relatives. Here we investigated the evolution of suppressed recombination within the genus Phoenix as a whole by extending the analysis of P. dactylifera sex-related loci to eight other species within the genus. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis of a date palm sex-linked PdMYB1 gene in these species. We found that X and Y sex-linked alleles clustered in a species-independent fashion. Our data show that sex chromosomes evolved before the diversification of the extant dioecious species. Furthermore, the distribution of Y haplotypes revealed two male ancestral paternal lineages which may have emerged prior to speciation.\" href=\"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/content\/biorxiv\/early\/2015\/12\/01\/033365.full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/content\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DARWESH R.S.S., MADBOLLY E.A., ABD-EL HAMEED K. 2015. Influence Spraying Fruit Set and Soil Application on the Quality of Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Cv. Sewi. <\/strong>In: IJEBS 3(2)\u00a0: 191-197. <a title=\"Abstract\u2014This trail was carried out during two growing seasons 2013-2014 on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Sewi which is one of the most important cultivar of semi dry dates in Egypt, trees were subjected as bunch spraying of boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) and potassium sulphate at 0.2 borax + 0.2% potassium sulphate and 0.4 % borax + 0.4 % potassium sulphate and soil fertilizers treatments with magnesium and zinc as sulphate at 200 and 400 mg\/tree in the irrigation water, all spraying treatments were subjected after 15 days from pollination, and repeated in March, April, May and June, soil treatments one time\/ month at March, May and June . Complete randomize design was conducted in this experiment. Results clarified, all bunch spraying and soil fertilizers treatments were increment physical fruit parameters, the highest fruit and flesh weight (g), fruit length and diameter (cm) concerning to the spraying treatment 0.4 borax + 0.4 % potassium sulphate and 400 mg\/l Mg sulphate and Zn sulphate as soil treatment which achieved great interaction in between for two both seasons. Significant increasing contents of TSS %, protein, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing % sugars were recorded under spraying treatments 0.4 borax + 0.4 % potassium sulphate and soil fertilizers treatments 400 mg\/l Mg sulphate and Zn sulphate for two seasons with highest interaction in between, decreasing of phenols contents related to 0.4 borax + 0.4 % potassium sulphate as bunch spraying and 400 mg\/l Mg sulphate and Zn sulphate as soil treatment for both seasons. All bunch spraying and soil treatments yielded high fruit macro and micro elements. Improving quality and marketable of date palm fruits is the important target for all dates cultural, thus application of fruits spraying and trees soil subject were recommended to increasing fruits quality of date palm cv. Sewi.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.isaet.org\/images\/extraimages\/P315406.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.isaet.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DIAB M.I. 2015. In vitro Propagation of the Endangered Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Ghazal cv. 1. Effect of Folic Acid and Biotin on Callus Formation and Differentiation. <\/strong>In: American-Eurasian J. Agric. &amp; Environ. Sci., 15 (3): 284-290, 2015. <a title=\"Abstract: The present investigation is the first work on in vitro propagation of an elite endangered date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Ghazal cultivar, through somatic embryogenesis. This cultivar is grown in Siwa Oasis, which is suffering an excessive rise in the subsoil water levels. Consequently, the fertile soils are subjected to deterioration and sanitization. This study was conducted to determine the effect of various concentrations of folic acid (vitamin B9) and biotin (vitamin H), on callus initiation, embryogenic callus formation and embryos number of date palm Ghazal cv. Shoot tip explants were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 100 mg\/l of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 3 mg\/l isopentenyl adenine (2iP) and vitamins (B9 and H) at 0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg\/l for each or in combinations. The best medium for callus initiation and formation was modified MS medium supplemented with vitamin B9 at 0.1 mg\/l and 0.5 mg\/l vitamin H. The highest percentage of embryogenic callus formation was obtained on modified MS medium, supplemented with 10 mg\/l 2, 4-D, 3 mg\/l 2iP, 0.5 mg\/l vitamin B9 and 1 mg\/l vitamin H. This treatment also recorded increase in the embryogenic callus fresh weight. Moreover, the maximum number of embryos was formed at modified MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg\/l NAA, 0.5 mg\/l vitamin B9 and 1 mg\/l vitamin H, compared control treatment. Organic substances seem to be a limiting factor in in vitro date palm culture and their addition as vitamins (B9 and H) have a beneficial effect.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/aejaes\/jaes15%283%2915\/1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EDDINE L.S., SEGNI L., RIDHA O.M. 2015. Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Phoenix dactylifera L and Evaluation In Vitro of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2015; 7(1); 1-7. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. The present study was undertaken on optimization extraction of phenolic compounds in the leaves of Ghars variety from Phoenix dactylifera L by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) using ethanol, methanol, hexane and chloroform as the extraction solvent. This study investigated the influence of various parameters time (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min), temperature of extraction ( 30, 40, 50 and 60 \u00b0C), volume of solvent on the extraction (40, 60, 80 and 100 ml) in composition of extracts. Phenolic content, proanthocyanidins were investigated. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were analyzed by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), superoxide radical scavenging (O 2 ) - and 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity assays. Positive effect of increase of the sonication time and\/or temperature on the scavenging activity of the extracts against free DPPH radicals and thus lower IC 50 values was demonstrated. Strong linear correlation of DPPH radical scavenging capacities of the extracts with content of phenolic was established. FRAP values significantly correlated with total proanthocyanidins content in the extracts. the extracts of 20 min was presented the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory for or time and the volume of 80 ml give the optimum fraction between the powder plant and solvent. From an orthogonal design test, the best combination of parameters was 80 ml of ethanol as extraction volume, 20 min of extraction time and 60 \u00b0C of ultrasonic temperature. It was concluded that ultrasonic extracts of Ghars variety from Phoenix dactylifera L of hold considerable potential against free radical toxicity by virtue of their polyphenolic constituents, and might have significant clinical roles in prospect.\" href=\"http:\/\/ijppr.com\/PDF\/7\/IJPPR,Vol7,Issue1,Article1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ijppr.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EL-AZIM M.H.M., YASSIN F.A., KHALIL S.A., EL-MESALAMY A.M.D. 2015. Hydrocarbons, fatty acids and biological activity of date palm pollen (phoenix dactylifera L.) growing in Egypt. <\/strong>In: IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS). Volume 10, Issue 3 Ver. I (May \u2013 Jun. 2015), pp. 46-51. <a title=\"Abstract: In this study, the non-polar light petroleum ether and diethyl ether extracts of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Pollen were analyzed by Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and found to be rich with lipids and steroids. Fatty acids include Palmitic acid 38.52% and Hydnocarpic acid 44.23% while \u03b1- Sitosterol was the most prevalent Phytosterol 14.40%. Un-saponifiable fraction and saponifiable fraction of Pet. ether and DEE extracts were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against six bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus). All fractions have good antibacterial activity against the six studied bacterial species. But it gave high antifungal activity as compared with Ketoconazole (standard) except with Un-sap. fraction of Pet. ether extract with Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger it gave antifungal activity with Un-sap. fraction of Pet. ether extract only. Finally two extracts were tested against three human cell lines HELA, MCF7 and CACO. The results showed those extracts had activity against all cell lines tested.\" href=\"http:\/\/files.figshare.com\/2062854\/J010314651.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/files.figshare.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ELGINDI M.R., SINGAB A.N., EL-TAHER E.M.M., KASSEM M.E.S. 2015. A Comprehensive Review of Phoenix (Arecaceae). <\/strong>In: RJPBCS 6(3) Page No. 966sq. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. The objective of this study is to reach the literature reviews for Phoenix. Genus Phoenix is composed of 17 species naturally distributed in the world. It has been used for the treatment of various infectious diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension and cancer. The fruits of some species are rich sources of carbohydrates, dietary fibers, certain essential vitamins and minerals. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemistry and validated pharmacological properties of the genus phoenix.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rjpbcs.com\/pdf\/2015_6%283%29\/%5b136%5d.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rjpbcs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EL-SOHAIMY S.A., ABDELWAHAB A.E., BRENNAN C.S., ABOUL-ENEIN A.M. 2015. Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activities of Egyptian Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruits. <\/strong>In: Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(1) January 2015, Pages: 141-147. <a title=\"Abstract. Date palm fruits are one of the most popular fruits packed with an impressive list of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that are required for normal growth, development and overall well-being. They contain health benefiting polyphenolic antioxidants. This work is aimed to determine the phenolic profile and phenolic content of date palm fruits (Tamr stage) and evaluate their functional properties like antioxidant and antimicrobial activities to confirm the date palm health benefits. Water extract of Tamr stage showed a higher content (14.80 mg GAE\/g sample) of phenolic compounds than ethanol extract (10.31mg GAE\/g sample). HPLC analysis showed the extracts contain the high concentration in esculetin (15.11 and 17.30mg\/100g) and tannic acid (2.85 and 1.79 mg\/100g). On the other hand, protocatechuic acid, catechol, Pyrogallol and cinnamic acid didn\u2019t detect in both extracts. Moderate concentrations of gallic acid (7.51 and 5.28 mg\/100g), itaconic acid (6.40 and 5.91 mg\/100g) and traces of ferulic acid (0.15 and 0.22 mg\/100g) were detected. DPPH assay revealed a good antioxidant capacity of water extract, which was higher than of ethanol extract. Antimicrobial data exhibited an impressive antibacterial activity for date extract. Date extract showed a strong antibacterial activity (for water and ethanol extracts) against E. coli (20 \u00b10.57 and 16 \u00b10.57 mm), Salmonella enterica (20 \u00b10.54 and 14 \u00b10.52 mm) and Bacillus sabtilis (18\u00b10.32, 15\u00b10.23 mm) and moderate inhibition against staphylococcus areues (8 \u00b10.48 and 5 \u00b10.52 mm) and Enterococcus faecalis (5 \u00b10.36 and 2 \u00b10.57mm). These findings may enhance our knowledge for the value and importance of using the dates in our daily diet; and can be used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents for various food products.\" href=\"https:\/\/researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz\/bitstream\/handle\/10182\/6571\/PhenolicConentAntioxidantAJBAS-2015.pdf?sequence=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>FANG C., SCHMIDT J.E., CYBULSKA I., BRUDECKI G.P., FRANK\u00c6R C.G.L, THOMSEN M.H. 2015. Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Leaflets and Rachis to Enhance Enzymatic Digestibility and Bioethanol Potential. <\/strong>In: BioMed Research International, 14p. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Date palm residues are one of the most promising lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production in the Middle East. In this study, leaflets and rachis were subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment to overcome there calcitrance of the biomass for enzymatic conversion. Evident morphological, structural, and chemical changes were observed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy after pretreatment. High glucan (&gt;90% for both leaflets and rachis) and xylan (&gt;75% for leaflets and&gt;79% for rachis) recovery were achieved. Under the optimal condition of hydrothermal pretreatment (210\u2218C\/10min) highly digestible (glucan convertibility, 100% to leaflets, 78% to rachis) and fermentable (ethanolyield, 96% to leaflets, 80% to rachis) solid fractions were obtained. Fermentability test of the liquid fractions proved that no considerable inhibitors to Saccharomyces cerevisiae were produced in hydrothermal pretreatment. Given the high sugar recovery, enzymatic digestibility, and ethanol yield, production of bioethanol by hydrothermal pretreatment could be a promising way of valorization of date palm residues in this region.\" href=\"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/aa\/216454.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GOURCHALA F., OUAZOUAZ M., MIHOUB F., HENCHIRI C. 2015. Compositional analysis and sensory profile of five date varieties grown in south Algeria. <\/strong>In: Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(2):511-518. <a title=\"ABSTRACT Morphological, physicochemical, biochemical, phytochemical and sensory characteristics of date fruits of cultivars Deglet Noor, Tamesrit, Ghars, Tinissine and H\u2019mira were investigated. External and internal fruit quality was assessed by different parameters: fruits and cores weights and dimensions, pH, salt content, water, sugar, proteins, lipids, polyphenols and Flavonoids. Sensory quality was performed by panel tests of size, aroma, color, texture and sweet\/acid taste of fruits. The studied varieties showed a low content in fat and proteins, but important amounts of sugars, dietary fiber, potassium and polyphenols. These results suggest that the five varieties are a good source of essential and important nutrients on health. The dates have significantly distinct characteristics; Tamesrit had the highest weight (14,66 g) compared to other varieties; Deglet Noor showed significantly (p&lt;0,05) higher level of sugar (70%) particularly sucrose (29%) against 0% in Tamesrit and finally Tinissine contained significantly (p&lt;0,05) higher levels of polyphenols. Differences in sensory scores of fruit were found between cultivars; showing a high preference score for Tamesrit cultivar.\" href=\"http:\/\/jocpr.com\/vol7-iss2-2015\/JCPR-2015-7-2-511-518.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/jocpr.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HASSAN S.M., ALAQUIL A.A. 2015. Effect of Adding Dietary Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Pits Meal With or Without beta mannanase on Productive Performance and Eggshell Quality Parameters of Layer Hens.<\/strong> In\u00a0: International Journal of Poultry Science 14 (11): 595-601, 2015. <a title=\"Abstract: To study the effects of adding date pits meal supplemented with beta-mannanase into diets on the productive performance and eggshell quality parameters, a total of 324 Hisex layer hens were randomly divided into 81 cages. Nine iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous experimental diets in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement including three levels of date pits meal (0, 5 and 10%) supplemented with three levels (0 or 330, 660 g of beta-mannanase\/ton feed). Each dietary treatment was fed to 9 cages (4 birds\/cage) for 8 weeks trail period after production peak from 45 to 53 weeks of age. Results showed significant (p&lt;0.05) differences among treatments in feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg mass, egg production, eggshell weight, eggshell weight percentage, eggshell thickness and eggshell weight per surface area. It can be concluded that date pits meal could be partly added into diets as alternative feedstuffs up to 10% with supplementation of 660 g beta-mannanase\/ton feed supplementation individually without negative effects on productive performance and eggshell quality characteristics of Hisex layer hen from 45 to 53 weeks of age. Further research on the effects of adding different levels of date pits meal supplemented with different levels of beta-mannanase at different ages on productive performance and eggshell quality parameters for layer hens are required to attain the optimal results.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pjbs.org\/ijps\/fin2813.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.pjbs.org\/ijps\/fin2813.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAZZOURI et alii 2015. Whole genome re-sequencing of date palms yields insights into diversi\ufb01cation of a fruit tree crop. <\/strong>In\u00a0: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 6:8824. <a title=\"Date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) are the most signi\ufb01cant perennial crop in arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa. Here, we present a comprehensive catalogue of approximately seven million single nucleotide polymorphisms in date palms based on whole genome re-sequencing of a collection of 62 cultivars. Population structure analysis indicates a major genetic divide between North Africa and the Middle East\/South Asian date palms, with evidence of admixture in cultivars from Egypt and Sudan. Genome-wide scans for selection suggest at least 56 genomic regions associated with selective sweeps that may underlie geographic adaptation. We report candidate mutations for trait variation, including nonsense polymorphisms and presence\/absence variation in gene content in pathways for key agronomic traits. We also identify a copia-like retrotransposon insertion polymorphism in the R2R3 myb-like orthologue of the oil palm virescens gene associated with fruit colour variation. This analysis documents patterns of post-domestication diversi\ufb01cation and provides a genomic resource for this economically important perennial tree crop.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/file\/Nature.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HEBERLE H.IRELLES G.V., DA SILVA F.R., TELLES G.P., MINGHIM R. 2015. InteractiVenn. A web-based tool for the analysis of sets through Venn diagrams. <\/strong>In: BMC Bioinformatics (2015) 16:169. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. *Background: Set comparisons permeate a large number of data analysis workflows, in particular workflows in biological sciences. Venn diagrams are frequently employed for such analysis but current tools are limited. *Results: We have developed InteractiVenn, a more flexible tool for interacting with Venn diagrams including up to six sets. It offers a clean interface for Venn diagram construction and enables analysis of set unions while preserving the shape of the diagram. Set unions are useful to reveal differences and similarities among sets and may be guided in our tool by a tree or by a list of set unions. The tool also allows obtaining subsets\u2019 elements, saving and loading sets for further analyses, and exporting the diagram in vector and image formats. InteractiVenn has been used to analyze two biological datasets, but it may serve set analysis in a broad range of domains. *Conclusions: InteractiVenn allows set unions in Venn diagrams to be explored thoroughly, by consequence extending the ability to analyze combinations of sets with additional observations, yielded by novel interactions between joined sets. InteractiVenn is freely available online at: www.interactivenn.net. \" href=\"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/content\/pdf\/s12859-015-0611-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HUSSEIN A.M., EL-MOUSALAMY A.M.D., HUSSEIN S.A.M., MAHMOUD S.A. 2015. Effects of palm dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extracts on hepatic dysfunctions in type 2 diabetic rat model.<\/strong> In\u00a0: World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Vol 4, Issue 07 (-79), 2015. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Phoenix dactylifera L is one of the most useful traditional medicinal plants. Previous studies demonstrated that it has many pharmacological actions such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-asthamatic, nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activities. Moreover, previous studies demonstrated that its fruits and seedscontain many chemical substances such as anthocyanins, phenolics, sterols, carotenoids and flavonoids. So, the present study was designed to analyze its phenolics and flavonoids contents using HPLC \u2013 PDA as well as to investigate the protective properties of palm date extracts on liver functions in type 2 diabetic rats. The results of this study revealed that the extracts of palm dates contain phenolic compounds caffeic, gallic, ferulic, p-coumaric, sinapic, chlorogenic acid and falvonoidcompounds Apegenin, Quercetin and luteolin glycosides in fruit extracts and vanillic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-Coumaric acid and quercitin in seed extracts. Also, both fruit and seed extracts caused significant improvement in glycaemic control and liver functions in diabetic rats. We concluded that both fruit and seed extracts have hepatoprotective effect in type 2 diabetic rats which might be due to their phenolics and flavonoids contents.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wjpps.com\/download\/article\/1435647619.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.wjpps.com\/download\/article\/1435647619.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HOWLADAR, K. M., AL-HUSSAINI, M. S., AL-MOOSA, A.H., BEN ABDALLAH, A. Receptivity of Female Inflorescence in Major Date Palm Cultivars of Saudi Arabia. <\/strong>In: In\u00a0: International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST) \u2013 Volume 4 No. 7, July, 2015. <a title=\"ABSTRACT Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. is a major fruit crop of Saudi Arabia where over 400 cultivars are known to exist. The crop is characterized by unisexual female (pistillate) and male (staminate) inflorescence that are on separate palms, where artificial pollination is traditionally carried out manually, so as to sustain yield levels and also ensure better fruit quality. During 2013 and 2014 we tested the receptivity of the female inflorescence after spathe cracking (opening) by adopting manual pollination in five major Saudi Arabian date palm cultivars viz. Sagae , Sheshi, Ruzeiz, Sukary and Khalas at 1, 8, 16 and 20 days after opening of the female spathe. Results revealed that both fruit set and fructification were significantly superior in all the cultivars studied when pollination was taken up at 1 and 8 Days After Spathe Cracking (DASC). Interaction effects reveal that maximum cumulative and statistically similar fruit set of 72.00 and 67.37% was observed when the cultivar Ruzeiz was pollinated at 1 and 8 DASC, respectively. Further, significant and maximum cumulative fructification was recorded in the cultivar Sukary (49.79%) when pollination was carried out 1 DASC, which was statistically similar to the cultivar Ruzeiz pollinated at 1 and 8 DASC. Delaying pollination in the test cultivars to 16 and 20 DASC resulted in significant decline in both fruit set and fructification.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.journalofsciences-technology.org\/archive\/2015\/july_vol_4_no_7\/8515421427791317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.journalofsciences-technology.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>IBRAHIM A.O. 2015. Characterization of Five Iraqi Date Palm Male Cultivar. <\/strong>In: EC Agriculture 1.3 (2015): 153-157. <a title=\"Abstract Five Iraqi Date Palm Male Cultivar (Phoenix dactylifera L) (Ghannami Akdhar, Ghannami Ahmar, Khukri Wardi, Khukri Adi, Khukris- masmi) Characterization was determinate in this study Auxin and gibberellin-like substances concentration and No. of spikes in one spadix, pollen grain average weight in one spadix, Pollen grain Germination and viability % was investigated. Significant differences among the five types of pollen in their endogenous levels of auxin-and gibberellin-like substances. Ghannami Akhdar pollen had the highest concentration of both auxin56.2 \u00b5g\/kg fresh weight and gibberellin-like substances 37.9 \u00b5g\/kg fresh weight while khukris- masmi had the lowest concentration. 39.6 and 30.19 \u00b5g\/kg fresh weight respectively, Pollen grain viability % and Germination were determined and all male cultivars have high viability over 90% also pollen grain germination more than 80%. It is concluded that Ghnnami Akhdar plloen grain is the best among other male cultivar tested.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ecronicon.com\/ecag\/pdf\/ECAG-01-000016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ecronicon.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>IFTIKHAR F., KUMAR A., ALTAF U. 2015. Development And Quality Evaluation Of Cookies Fortified With Date Paste (Phoenix Dactylifera L). <\/strong>In: International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (3-4). <a title=\"ABSTRACT Fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera .L) are consumed throughout the world and are a vital component of the diet in most Arabian countries. Dates have less fat content, hence heart patients can consume dates as such or their products. Dates contain high amount of dietary fibre. This fibre helps to control diabetes by decreasing the blood glucose levels and helps to lower the blood cholesterol level. Baked products are the most important sources of dietary fibre in the total food consumption. The effect of partial replacement of wheat flour with date palm paste on qualitative and quantitative properties of cookies was studied. Levels of date paste used were 10%, 15%, and 20%. Qualitative (ash, moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and calorific value) and qualitative properties (colour, texture, taste and flavour) were assessed. Results obtained indicated that ash and fibre contents gradually increased from 0.35% in T0 to 0.75% in T3 and 1.24% in T0 to 2.26% in T3 respectively due to increase in mineral content by addition of date paste. Crude fibre and protein showed a slight increase with increasing date paste ratio but carbohydrates(T 0 = 76.09 to T 3= 70.75) and overall calorific value(T 0= 384.85 to T 3= 377.86) decreased simultaneously. Organoleptic properties revealed that highly acceptable cookie could be obtained when 15% of date paste was used in the formulation. Calorific value evaluation showed that calorific value decreases from 384.85 in T 0 to 377.86 in T 3 with increase in date paste concentration.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijset.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/10.2348.ijset07150975.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijset.in\/wp-content\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>IGHBAREYEH J.M.H., CANO-ORTIZ A., CANO CARMONA E. 2015. Study of Biology and Bioclimatology of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) to Optimize Yield and Increase Economic in Jericho and Gaza Cities of Palestine. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB). Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015, pp. 90-97. <a title=\"Abstract: We analyzed the mean annual temperature and precipitation using data from two weather stations from the Palestine Meteorological Department, recorded in the period from 1993-2010 (17 years), with the same years plant production, in Jericho and Gaza cities. Statistical tests included a bioclimatic analysis of Palestinian meteorological stations for the period previous by using bioclimatic classification of the Earth of Rivas Martinez Salvador, with regard to simple thermicity index, compensated thermicity index, annual ombrothermic index, water deficit and soil water reserve. In concluded, in the principal component analysis and the correspondence analysis, Jericho whose production depends on the bioclimate and climate factors as a temperature, compensated thermicity index and simple continentality index, while Gaza type plots reveal the influence of annual ombrothermic index, precipitation, soil water reserve and water deficit. However, Jericho and Gaza were located in the arid, semiarid and dry ombrotype of the area where mean temperature is higher than 20 o C for eight months of the year during which the annual ombrothermic value is&gt;2.5, with suitable soil water reserve and little deficit water to optimize Date Palm production and increased economic in these areas.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arcjournals.org\/pdfs\/ijrsb\/v3-i1\/11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.arcjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>JAYACHITRA J., PUPSHA I. 2015. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of Phoenix dactylifera in albino wistar rats. <\/strong>In: World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 4, Issue 05, 2015. <a title=\"ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of phoenix dactylifera L. in albino wistar rats. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups, groups 1 received water and 5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); groups 2 received control and ethanolic extract phoenix dactylifera groups 3 received triton WR1339 with 5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ;and group 4 received triton WR1339 with 5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and ethanolic extract phoenix dactylifera for the total experimental period of 8 days. Results: The results showed significantly elevated levels of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, LDL and significantly lowered enzymic antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and HDL in triton WR1339 treated rats compared with the control. Ethanolic extract phoenix dactylifera administration to rats with triton WR1339 induced hyper lipidemia significantly decreased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, LDL and significantly elevated the activity of superoxide dismutase and HDL in the serum compared with those of the unsupplemented triton WR1339 treated rats. The different biochemical parameters registered a significant rise in serum of triton WR 1339 treated rats as compared to the normal control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of phoenix dactylifera L. in albino wistar rats.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wjpps.com\/download\/article\/1430383839.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.wjpps.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>JOKOTAGBA O.A. et alii 2015. The Impact of Fermentation on the Proximate and Mineral Composition of Phoenix dactylifera L Flour<\/strong>. In\u00a0: Covenant Journal of Physical and Life Sciences (CJPL) Vol. 3 No 1. June, 2015. <a title=\"Abstract: Fermentation was carried out on Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit flour. Proximate analysis and mineral analysis were carried out on both fermented and raw sample. The proximate analysis (%) showed that the fermented sample contain higher composition of Moisture, Ash, Crude fat, Crude fibre, and Crude protein except Carbohydrate (64.50 \u00b1 0.01) which is lower compared to the result obtained in the raw sample (76.23 \u00b1 0.02). Mineral analysis (mg\/l) of the samples depicted that fermentation increased the Fe (7.64 \u00b1 0.02), Mg (0.96 \u00b1 0.00), Ca (6.26 \u00b1 0.01) and Cu (0.16 \u00b1 0.00) content compared to that of raw Fe (2.17 \u00b1 0.01), Mg (0.94 \u00b1 0.01), Ca (3.13 \u00b10.07) and Cu (0.13 \u00b1 0.00) in the sample while the composition of Na (1.02 \u00b1 0.90) and K (1.78 \u00b1 0.01) decreased compared with the values of Na (1.28 \u00b1 1.07) and K (2.21 \u00b1 0.02) obtained from the raw fruit flour. The result showed that fermentation transforms the fruit flour into a probiotic food supplement through increased mineral, protein and fibre content thereby enhancing digestibility. The pre-digested carbohydrate content in the fruit flour during fermentation also makes it beneficial for people with diabetes.\" href=\"http:\/\/journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng\/cjls\/published\/June2015\/Jokotagba.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KAVAND A., EBADI A., SHURAKI Y.D., ABDOSSI V., MOSTAFAVY M. 2015. Evaluation of stability and uniformity in tissue culture-date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plants of cv. Berhee by using morphological characteristics. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Biosciences. Vol. 6, No. 1, p. 117-122, 2015. <a title=\"Abstract Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera . L) is a dioecious, monocot and tropical fruit that requires pollination for fruit set and economically production. It is propagated by offshoot routinely. The low number of offshoot and short time of offshoot production are considered as the most disadvantages for its propagation. Since 20 th century, propagation of date palm through tissue culture techniques is conducted. Embryogenesis and organogenesis are the two main techniques for in vitro propagation of date palm. Somaclonal variation is the most problem in tissue culture of date palm that impose difficulties for growers. So, finding the easy and inexpensive method to control stability and uniformity are the most important factors in tissue culture propagation of date palm. In this experiment, we evaluated the qualities of tissue culture date palms c.v Berhee by analysis of some morphological characters. There was a lot of variation between propagated trees. It was noticed that some morphological factors can be considered as key factors to screen the type and off-type trees in this cultivar.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.innspub.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/IJB-V6No1-p117-122.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.innspub.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KHIERALLAH H.S.M., AL-HAMDANY M.H. S., ABDULKAREEM A.A., SALEH F.F. 2015. Influence of Sucrose and Pacloburtazol on Callus Growth and Somatic Embryogenesis in Date Palm cv. Bream. <\/strong>In: Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.2015; 1(1):270-276. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. A study was conducted to examine different concentrations of paclobutrazol and sucrose for their effect on embryonic callus and subsequent embryogenesis in Phoenix dactylifera cultivar Bream. Shoot tips were excised from 2-3 years old offshoots, surface sterilized and inoculated onto Murashiege and Skoog, 1962 (MS) medium supplemented with 50 mg\/L picloram and 3 mg\/L N6-2-isopentyl adenine (2ip). Primary callus was transferred onto fresh MS medium containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mg\/L of pacloburtazol or 30, 60, 90 and 120 g\/L sucrose individually. Results were recorded after 12 weeks. A significant decrease in fresh weights while it increased dry weights and its percentage. The addition of 1.5 mg\/L of pacloburtazol gave the highest dry weight (0.1 g) while addition of 2.0 mg\/L gave highest dry weight percentage (18%). Increasing of sucrose concentration over 30g\/L in the embryonic callus medium led to a significant increase in callus fresh and dry weights as well as dry weights percentage. Sucrose at concentration 90 g\/L significantly increased callus fresh weights (2.54 g) while addition of 120 g\/L gave highest dry weight (0.15 g) with percentage (8.43%). The number of formed embryos increased proportionally after the inclusion of pacloburtazol to the medium till reached to a significant level at the concentration 1.0 mg\/L recording 12.8 embryos. However, mean fresh weights for these emerged embryos reached 1.81 g after inclusion of 1.5 mg\/L of pacloburtazol. Number of embryos was increased at the concentration 60 g\/L. It is concluded that both pacloburtazol and sucrose may play a positive role improving somatic embryogenesis in date palm var. Bream tissue cultures.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijcrar.com\/vol-3-1\/Hussam%20S.M.%20Khierallah,%20et%20al.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijcrar.com\/vol-3-1\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LAUDAN J.K., KAANKUKA K.T. 2015. The potentials and prospects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) production in Nigeria. <\/strong>In: Department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi &amp; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture Makurdi. <a title=\"ABSTRACT Date palm tree is an economic crop which is grown in the arid region of Northern Nigeria from latitude 10\u00b0 N in the Sudan savannah and the Sahel regions. Its role in food production, foreign exchange earnings, raw materials for industries, income and employment generation makes it a crucial asset for National Economic Development. The Nigerian date palm industry has the potential to generate employment and promote economic development. Date palm is one of the greatest producers of food per hectare producing more than 3000 calories per Kg. Date are nutritious, assimilative and energy producing. Dates contain K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and very low quantities of Si, S and fat content. There is dearth of information on the statistics of Date production in Nigeria as well as low rate of awareness on its nutritional and economic importance. Today worldwide production, utilization and industrialization of dates are continuously increasing since date fruits have earned great importance in human nutrition owing to their rich content of essential nutrients. Tons of date palm fruit wastes are discarded daily by the date processing industries leading to environmental problems. This work reviews the production status, prospects and diverse forms of utilization of date palm for Nigerian developing economy. It also reviews the prospects of value addition of these date fruit processing by-products and wastes\u2019 employing fermentation and enzyme processing technologies towards total utilization of this valuable commodity for the production of biofuels, organic acids, antibiotics, and other possible industrial chemicals. The micro irrigation of dates were also highlighted. Keywords: Date palm, status, potentials, prospects, value addition.\" href=\"http:\/\/hummingpub.com\/admin\/images\/pdf_files\/THE%20POTENTIALS%20AND%20PROSPECTS%20OF%20DATE%20PALM%20PRODUCTION%20IN%20%20NIGERIA%20%284%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/hummingpub.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LEKBIR et alii 2015. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity Of six algerian date palm (phoenix dactyliferal.) Cultivars<\/strong>. In\u00a0: Annals. Food Science and Technology 2015. <a title=\"Abstract The present study aimed to estimate total phenols, flavonoids and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) scavenging capacity of the methanolic extracts of six date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)Algerian cultivars. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu\u2019s and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The antioxidant capacity were analyzed using DPPH assay. The cultivars of date palm fruit used in this study were dry dates (DD): Abdelazaz, Degla-Beida and Haloua dates (moisture content 10-13%), semi-soft dates (SSD):Deglet-Nour and Hamraya dates (moisture content 22-25%)and soft date, Tinicine cultivar (moisture content 34%). The results revealed the richness of these cultivarss in polyphenols (173.71-248.64 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)\/100 g fresh weight), a mean content of total flavonoids (15.89-40.87 mg quercitin equivalents (QE)\/100 g fresh weight) and an interesting antioxydant capacity (51.31-76.88%). With a 2.11 mg\/g fresh weight for total phynolic content,Abdelazaz dateAbdelazaz date showed the highest level of total antioxydant capacity (76.88 %) with a BHA(butylated hydroxyl anisole), gallic acid, quercitin and vitamin C equivalents antioxidant capacity values of 80.09, 248.27, 191.90 and 722.56 \u00b5g\/g fw, respectively.High positive significant correlation (r = 0.827, p &lt; 0.01) was found between total phenols and DPPH radical scavenging capacity, suggesting that phenolics were the major contributor to the antioxidant activity.However no significant correlation was found between flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging capacity. These results suggest that date palm fruit can act as a chemopreventative agent, providing antioxidant properties and offering effective protection from free radicals.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afst.valahia.ro\/docs\/issues\/2015\/issue1\/full\/section2\/s02_w09_full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.afst.valahia.ro\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LOUAILECHE H., HAMMICHE D., HAMOUDI F. 2015. Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents and in Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Algerian Date Palm Varieties. A Comparative Study. <\/strong>In: American Journal of Nutrition and Food Science. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2015, pp. 63-68. <a title=\"Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the content of bioactive substances (total phenolic compounds and flavonoids) and the antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of date varieties grown in Algeria (Ourrous, Deglet Nour, Beid Lahmam, Outkbala, Taneslit, Tamjouherte, Tazerzeite and Takermoust) using spectrophotometric methods. Phenolic compounds were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The total phenolic content ranged from 169.18 to 381.76 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g dry matter, while the flavonoid content varied between 28.68 and 95.22 mg quercetin equivalents per 100 g dry matter. The antioxidant capacity was determined in vitro using scavenging effect of diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and phosphomolybdenum assay. The results indicated that cultivar had pronounced effects on both phenolic compound levels and antioxidant potential. Among the studied samples, Ourrous variety contained the highest amounts of bioactive compounds and exhibited the best antioxidant activity. The evaluation of antioxidant activity of the eight date varieties revealed highly significant correlation (p&lt;0.001) between anti-radical ability and total phenolic (r = 0.77), and flavonoid contents (r = 0.88).\" href=\"http:\/\/files.aiscience.org\/journal\/article\/pdf\/70160016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/files.aiscience.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MAHDI Z., EL HANANDEH A., YU Q.J. 2015. Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Seed Characterization for Biochar Preparation<\/strong>. In: Miscellaneous. \u00a0<a title=\"Abstract. Biochar has been increasingly used as a soil amendment, clean energy source and waste management tool. It is also promoted as a climate change mitigation tool through carbon sequestration in soil. Recently, there is an increasing interest in biochar utilization as a low cost adsorbent for organic and non-organic pollutant removal. Biochar can be prepared from a wide range of organic biomass. Date seed biomass (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is abundantly available but usually discarded as agricultural waste in many countries such as Iraq. The aim of this work was to evaluate date seed characteristics by using proximate and ultimate elementary analyses for biochar preparation. Results of this study showed that date seed biomass had high volatile content, high bulk density and low ash content suggesting that the biomass can be used as a suitable precursor for biochar preparation. The results revealed that the moisture content of biomass was 8.95% with a bulk density of 0.5 g\/ml. The proximate analysis indicated that the biomass had 1.14% ash content, 65% volatile matter and 24.8% fixed carbon content on a dry\u2013weight basis. The date seed biomass showed an acidity nature of pH of 4.8. The ultimate elementary analysis indicated that the biomass had a carbon content of 28.3% and nitrogen content of 0.7%. The effects of pyrolysis temperature on mass yield, porosity and pH of the biochar were also studied. The biochar was prepared by using a slow pyrolysis process under different temperatures (350, 450, 550 and 650 oC) for 2 h. The results of the analysis indicated that the biochar properties were strongly affected by the pyrolysis temperature. The biochar mass yield was inversely proportional to the pyrolysis temperature. The mass yields were 43.3%, 33%, 27% and 22% at temperatures (350, 450, 550 and 650 oC), respectively. The pH and porosity of the biochar increased with the pyrolysis temperature. Therefore, the biochar prepared from date seed had a highly porous structure and thus it is expected to a suitable adsorbent for heavy metal ion removal in wastewater systems.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ppml.url.tw\/EPPM\/conferences\/2015\/download\/Date%20Palm%20%28Phoenix%20Dactylifera%20L.%29%20Seed%20Characterization%20for%20Biochar%20Preparation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ppml.url.tw\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MALEK J.A.. and alii 2015. A genome-wide survey of date palm cultivars supports two major subpopulations in Phoenix dactylifera. <\/strong>In: G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics Early Online. <a title=\"ABSTRACT The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest cultivated trees and is intimately tied to the history of human civilization. There are hundreds of commercial cultivars with distinct fruit shapes, colors and sizes growing mainly in arid lands from the west of North Africa to India. The origin of date palm domestication is still uncertain and few studies have attempted to document genetic diversity across multiple regions. We conducted genotyping-by-sequencing on 70 female cultivar samples from across the date palm-growing regions, including four Phoenix species as outgroup. Here, for the first time we generate genome-wide genotyping data for 13,000 - 65,000 SNPs in a diverse set of date palm fruit and leaf samples. Our analysis provides the first genome-wide evidence confirming recent findings that the date palm cultivars segregate into two main regions of shared genetic background from North Africa and the Arabian Gulf. We identify genomic regions with high densities of geographically segregating SNPs and also observe higher levels of allele fixation on the recently described X-chromosome than on the autosomes. Our results fit a model with two centers of earliest cultivation including date palms autochthonous to North Africa. These results adjust our understanding of human agriculture history and will provide the foundation for more directed functional studies and a better understanding of genetic diversity in date palm.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.g3journal.org\/content\/early\/2015\/05\/12\/g3.115.018341.full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.g3journal.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MAQSOOD S., KITTIPHATTANABAWON P., BENJAKUL S., SUMPAVAPOL, P., ABUSHELAIBI A 2015. Antioxidant activity of date (Phoenix dactylifera var. Khalas) seed and its preventive effect on lipid oxidation in model systems<\/strong>. In: International Food Research Journal 22(3): 1180-1188 (2015). <a title=\"Abstract Date seed extracts (DSE) obtained from ethanol and acetone extraction at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%, v\/v) were characterized. Yield, phenolic and flavonoid contents increased as the concentration of ethanol and acetone increased up to 60 and 80% (v\/v), respectively (P&lt;0.05). The highest DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were observed when ethanol and acetone were used at the concentrations of 60 and 80% (v\/v) were used, respectively (P&lt;0.05). However, the highest chelating activity was obtained when ethanol and acetone were used at a concentration of 20 and 40% (v\/v), respectively (P&lt;0.05). DSE prepared using 60% (v\/v) ethanol (DSE-E60) and 80% (v\/v) acetone (DSE-A80) were seen to have the tannic acid contents of 16.60 and 18.15 mg\/g dry solid, respectively. Both extracts at levels of 100 and 200 ppm could inhibit lipid oxidation in both \u03b2-carotene linoleate and fish mince model systems. Therefore, it can be concluded that DSE-E60 and DSE-A80 can potentially be used as an alternative source of natural antioxidant.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/22%20%2803%29%202015\/%2842%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MATHEW et alii 2015. A genome-wide survey of date palm cultivars supports two major subpopulations in Phoenix dactylifera. <\/strong>In\u00a0: G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics Early Online, published on May 8, 2015. <a title=\"ABSTRACT The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest cultivated trees and is intimately tied to the history of human civilization. There are hundreds of commercial cultivars with distinct fruit shapes, colors and sizes growing mainly in arid lands from the west of North Africa to India. The origin of date palm domestication is still uncertain and few studies have attempted to document genetic diversity across multiple regions. We conducted genotyping-by-sequencing on 70 female cultivar samples from across the date palm-growing regions, including four Phoenix species as outgroup. Here, for the first time we generate genome-wide genotyping data for 13,000 - 65,000 SNPs in a diverse set of date palm fruit and leaf samples. Our analysis provides the first genome-wide evidence confirming recent findings that the date palm cultivars segregate into two main regions of shared genetic background from North Africa and the Arabian Gulf. We identify genomic regions with high densities of geographically segregating SNPs and also observe higher levels of allele fixation on the recently described X-chromosome than on the autosomes. Our results fit a model with two centers of earliest cultivation including date palms autochthonous to North Africa. These results adjust our understanding of human agriculture history and will provide the foundation for more directed functional studies and a better understanding of genetic diversity in date palm.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.g3journal.org\/content\/early\/2015\/05\/08\/g3.115.018341.full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.g3journal.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MAZRI M.A., MEZIANI R. 2015. Micropropagation of Date Palm: A Review.<\/strong> In: Cell Dev Biol 2015, 4:3. <a title=\"Abstract Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis are the two pathways of choice for rapid and large-scale propagation of date palm. They have been successfully used for the micropropagation of elite genotypes and have proved their effectiveness for the commercial production of many cultivars. Nevertheless, regeneration through somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis in date palm is still difficult to achieve for recalcitrant genotypes and is often hampered by certain physiological disorders. In the present review, we report the results of a number of studies carried out on date palm micropropagation. It also describes different factors that influence each stage of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis and the main problems encountered during these two micropropagation processes.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.omicsgroup.org\/journals\/micropropagation-of-date-palm-a-review-2168-9296-1000160.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.omicsgroup.org\/journals\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NAQVI S.A., KHAN I.A., PINTAUD J.C., JASKANI M.J., ASIF A. 2015. Morphological Characterization Of Pakistani Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Genotypes. <\/strong>In: Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 52(3), 645-650; 2015. <a title=\"Abstract. Twenty Pakistani date palm cultivars from nine different geographical regions were characterized to estimate the polymorphism and possible similarity level. Nineteen morphological traits were explored and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and correlation index. The results brought out important differences in phenotypic characters in all date palm cultivars. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that all quantitative traits along with number of wings, frequency of wings, seed surface and seed shape were highly divergent. Similarly cluster analyses (CA) also revealed morphological variability among date palm cultivars and, some relationship and heterogeneity was also observed within cultivars of the same origin.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pakjas.com.pk\/papers%5C2463.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.pakjas.com.pk\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NATH A., DUTTA D., KUMAR P., SINGH J.P. 2015. Review on Recent Advances in Value Addition of Jaggery based Products. <\/strong>In: J Food Process Technol 2015, 6:4. <a title=\"Abstract Jaggery is sugarcane based natural sweetener made by the concentration of sugarcane juice without any use of chemicals. It is available in the form of solid blocks and in semi-liquid form. Besides this, the sap collected from some palm trees such as palmyra-palm (Borassus flabellifer L.), coconut-palm (Cocos nucifera L.), wild date-palm (Phoenix sylvestris Roxb.) and sago- palm (Caryota urens L.) is used for preparation of jaggery. It contains the natural sources of minerals and vitamins inherently present in sugarcane juice and it is one of the most wholesome and healthy sugars in the world. The micro nutrients present in the jaggery possess antitoxic and anti-carcinogenic properties. In India, of the 300 Mt of sugarcane produced, 53% is processed into white sugar, 36% into jaggery and khandsari, 3% for chewing as cane juice and 8% as seed cane. The methods of converting sugarcane and manufacturing sugar, gur and khandsari are different but a great value is added in the manufacturing of these consumable final products. Further it offers employment opportunity to millions of people. Of the total world production, more than 70% of the jaggery is produced in India but most of the jaggery business suffers from losses. The development of different value added products from jaggery and their commercial availability becomes needs of the hour to sustain future profitability in the jaggery trade.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/open-access\/review-on-recent-advances-in-value-addition-of-jaggery-based-products-2157-7110-1000440.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NWANEKEZI EC, EKWE CC, AGBUGBA RU 2015. Effect of Substitution of Sucrose with Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Fruit on Quality of Bread<\/strong>. In: J Food Process Technol 2015, 6:9. <a title=\"Abstract. The proximate, physical and sensory analysis of bread samples produced by substituting the level of sucrose with date palm fruit pulp (50:0 g, 37.5:12.5 g, 25:25 g, 12.5:37.5 g and 0.50 g) was investigated. The proximate analysis revealed that the protein, moisture, ash, crude fiber and fat contents increased with increase in the level of the date palm fruit pulp. There were increases in the levels of nutrients which ranged from 15.19-19.43% (protein), 1.65-4.43% (crude fiber), 2.44-4.11% (ash) and 28.19-28.92% (moisture). However, there was decrease in the level of carbohydrate content from 45.39 to 35.13% as the level of date palm pulp increased. The specific volume also decreased as the level of the date palm fruit increased ranging from3.12 cm 3 \/g to 2.93 cm 3 \/g; the addition of date palm fruit pulp had no effect on the loaf volumes which ranged from 1920.1 to 1925.0 cm 3 . The sensory analysis, using a 25-man panel of judges revealed that all the loaf samples were acceptable organoleptically. However, the substitution of sucrose with date palm fruit pulp powder increased the nutritional value of the bread samples.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/open-access\/effect-of-substitution-of-sucrose-with-date-palm-phoenix-dactyliferafruit-on-quality-of-bread-2157-7110-1000484.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>OUAFI S., BOUNAGA N. 2015. Analysis of phenolic compounds extracted from date of Phoenix dactylifera L (cultivar Deglet Nour). Search analgesic activity.<\/strong> In\u00a0: Proceedings of the Fifth International Date Palm Conference\u00a0: Date Palm Processing and Marketing (441-445). <a title=\"Abstract . The date palm is a species particularly adapted to arid lands. It represents for the people of the Saharan oases indispensable species as it constitutes their resource base, especially for its fruit, date.In our work we were interested in extract, separation, purification and identification of polyphenols contained in the date of Poenix dactylifera L (cultivar:Deglet nour) of Adrar. The study of analgesic activity of these compounds in a second time. The extraction of large families of polyphenols, with different solvents (polar and non polar),allowed us to:-quantify by spectrophotometry UV-visible following compounds (flavones, flavonols: 1,12 mg \/ g \u00b1 0.14, anthocyanins: 1,75 mg \/ g \u00b1 0,43, C-glycosides: 2,286 mg \/ g \u00b1 0,29, and total phenols :3,6%) .Reveal and identify by thin layer chromatography (TLC), paper (CP), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the composition of each family. We have detected on HPLC profiles following compounds: as Flavone: Luteolin, Tricin, Chrysoeriol and 2 Flavonols: Quercetin, Isorhamnetin .The Cyanidin is the only anthocyanin isolated .The evaluation of analgesic activity occurs by injection of acetic acid intraperitoneally in mice that causes a painfulreaction manifested by cramping, which can be reduced by an analgesic product. This study compares the reduction in the number of cramps after administration of doses of test and reference product (Aspirin).Flavone C-glycosides and Anthocyanin extract of the date present a better analgesic activity than aspirin reference. The percentage of protection obtained from the results of \u201cCramping test\u201d shows a significant activity of both extracts with the value (66.3%), which is double that obtained for the reference analgesic product (32.5%). The extract date is not only rich in phenolic compounds but they have a high analgesic activity.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/file\/FifthInternationalConference50.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PARVIN Sultana et alii 2015. Nutritional Analysis of Date Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Perspective of Bangladesh.<\/strong> In\u00a0: American Journal of Life Sciences 2015; 3(4): 274-278. <a title=\"Abstract: Present study reveals a thorough investigation of nutritional values of three different varieties (Trounja, Lagou, Gounda) of Tunisian dates available in Bangladeshi local markets. Moisture and total solids were (13.2-14.1%) and (85.9-86.8%), respectively. Ash and crude fibers contents were (2.13-2.18%) and (6.05-6.9%), respectively. The dates were rich in carbohydrate (51.8\u201355.0% dry weight), while they contained low concentrations of protein and lipid (2.0\u20132.2% and 0.12\u20130.72%, respectively). Dates represented little amounts of vitamin-A (0.7-1.2 mg%) and vitamin-C (0.7-0.9 mg%). High source of energy, as 100gm of date flesh can provide an average between (226.49-241.79) kcal. 11 minerals were determined from dates by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The predominant mineral was potassium (460-680 mg%). They contained low content of sodium (0.6-1.0 mg%). Rich source of calcium (51-60 mg%), phosphorus (52-60 mg%), magnesium (48-53 mg%) were found. Good source of iron (0.79-0.90 mg%), manganese (0.85-1.1 mg%), zinc (0.69-0.72 mg%), copper (0.32-0.36 mg%), chromium (0.36-0.42 mg%) and selenium (0.22-0.31 mg%) were found.\" href=\"http:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/pdf\/10.11648.j.ajls.20150304.14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PEGNA F. et alii 2015. Radio Frequency Treatment for Postharvest Disinfestation of Dates. <\/strong>In: Chemical Engineering Transactions. VOL. 44, 2015. <a title=\"Disinfestation is a necessary step in the packing chain of dates for fresh consumption and exposure to radio frequency radiation allows to carry out this operation minimizing the effect on the organoleptic characteristics of the fruits. The authors in a previous work evaluated the possibility of using this treatment for the disinfestation of dates finding that the exposure time should be at least 6 minutes. These results were confirmed by the present work where dates of different varieties were irradiated for 6 min obtaining 100 % mortality of insects, without affecting the aspect of the treated dates. The trials were conducted on dates of Siwi variety, infested in the laboratory by adults of C. hemipterus and P. interpunctella, and of Deglet Nour variety, naturally infested in the place of origin. The results showed the efficacy of this method for controlling arthropod pests of dry fruits with no undesirable effect on fruit quality and can be considered for the future definition of a disinfestation protocol based on this technology\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aidic.it\/frutic\/55garbatipegna.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aidic.it\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PINTAUD J.C.\u00a02015. Phylog\u00e9nie et diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des palmiers : de la signature du for\u00e7age pal\u00e9oclimatique et g\u00e9ologique \u00e0 l&#8217;empreinte de l&rsquo;Homme. <\/strong>\u00a0M\u00e9moire de soutenance d\u2019une Habilitation \u00e0 Diriger des Recherches (HDR). IRD Montpellier. <a title=\"Jean-Christophe Pintaud : soutenance d\u2019une Habilitation \u00e0 Diriger des Recherches (HDR). MEMOIRE.  R\u00e9sum\u00e9 : La famille des palmiers compte 187 genres et environ 2600 esp\u00e8ces, distribu\u00e9s dans toutes les r\u00e9gions chaudes du monde. Les analyses phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tiques\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/PINTAUD-J.C.-2015.-Phylog%C3%A9nie-et-diversit%C3%A9-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique-des-palmiers.-De-la-signature-du-for%C3%A7age-pal%C3%A9oclimatique-et-g%C3%A9ologique-%C3%A0-lempreinte-de-lHomme..pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pintaud 2015<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RAD et alii 2015. Comparison of vegetative buds formation in two date palm cultivars, Medjool and Mazafati through direct organogenesis. <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In\u00a0: International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. <a title=\"ABSTRACT: Micro-propagation through direct organogenesis is widely used for rapid propagation of superior cultivars of date palm.In the present study, the shoot tip explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) mediasupplemented with different plant growth regulator (PGR) treatmentsfor inducing buds regeneration. The experiment was set up in a factorial based withtwo factors.Factor A was PGR treatments in four levels (1- 2iP: 1mg\/L, BAP: 1mg\/L, 2- 2iP: 0.5mg\/L, BAP: 0.5mg\/L, 3- 2iP: 0.2mg\/L, BAP: 0.2mg\/L, 4- 2iP:0.1mg\/L, BAP:0.1mg\/L) and factor B was two date palm cultivars. The results showed that the PGR treatments had significant effects on vegetative buds formation and the best treatment was 0.5mg\/L1-naphthylacetic acid, 0.5mg\/L2-naphthyloxyacetic acid,1mg\/L N6-(2- isopentyl)adenine, 1mg\/L6-benzylaminopurine. Also, significant difference observed between cultivars and Medjool produced more vegetative buds (2.62) thanMazafati cultivar.\" href=\"http:\/\/ijfas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/549-553.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ijfas.com\/wp-content\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RAFI M.S., GARG A.K., AL-SHAMISI M. 2015. Isolation of high quality genomic DNA from different date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties using plant DNAzol reagent.<\/strong> In: <em>International Journal of Tropical Agriculture<\/em>,\u00a0<em>33<\/em>(2 (Part III)), 1433-1436. <a title=\"Abstract. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a cultivated fruit tree species with socio-economic impacts on millions of people in the arid regions of the world. The extraction of total genomic DNA from the rigid and fibrous date palm leaves is notoriously difficult. This is attributed to the high content of polyphenolic compounds and polysaccharides in the tissue. To solve this problem, we have developed a simple and reliable genomic DNA isolation method using Plant DNAzol reagent that uses a guanidine-detergent lysing solution. From homogenized leaf tissues from 30 different varieties, DNA was extracted and quantified using a spectrophotometer and confirmed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Interestingly, our modified DNAzol method isolated high-quality genomic DNA from all the established date palm varieties with an A260\/A280 absorbance ratio greater than 1.6. The genomic DNA yield from the 27 female plants ranged from 23 to 87 \u00b5g\/g leaf tissue, and it ranged from 36 to 114 \u00b5g\/g leaf tissue for the three male plants. Furthermore, the isolated DNA can be used for PCR, DNA sequencing, Southern blot analysis, and a wide range of molecular biology and biotechnology applications.\" href=\"http:\/\/serialsjournals.com\/serialjournalmanager\/pdf\/1435570584.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/serialsjournals.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RAHIMI et alii 2015. Surveying the effect of hydroalcoholic tarooneh (spathe of phoenix dactylifera) extract on anesthesia and EEG barin waves. <\/strong>In\u00a0: Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(8):1046-1051. <a title=\"ABSTRACT No single anesthetic drugs could provide all the characteristics of an ideal general anesthesia, but a combination of intravenous drugs given produced the desired balanced anesthetic. Tarooneh (spathe of phoenix dactylifera) is a hard covering of date palm pollen that torn and open in pollination season, in south and west of Iran since a long time people take tarooneh's extract as a sedative and calmative substance, according to its proved effect on pain and its usage it is examined on anesthesia and EEG brain waves. Pharmacological maceration technique has been used for the tarooneh extract and the Solvent was 70% ethanol. Animals divided to 4 groups for anesthesia analysis and 4 groups for EEG analysis, in anesthesia analysis one of the groups just injected by chloral hydrate and 3 other groups received doses 62.5, 125 and 250 mg\/kg tarooneh extract after chloral hydrate. 4 other groups of EEG injected by these three doses of extract and saline for control group after anesthetizing. The mean anesthesia time in the ch+250 group (the dose 250 mg\/kg) was more than the other groups. In fact we can say time of anesthesia in this 4 group is significantly different. By doing a posttest it has shown that ch+250 and ch+125 groups are significantly different from 2 other groups. This result in EEG brain wave is similar and in 125 and 250 mg\/kg significant difference was observed. This study showed the efficacy of tarooneh in anesthetized rats that increased anesthesia time so its sedative affect can be helpful in sleeping and anesthesia.\" href=\"http:\/\/jocpr.com\/vol7-iss8-2015\/JCPR-2015-7-8-1046-1051.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/jocpr.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SANI Ibrahim Haruna et alii 2015. Phoenix dactylifera Linn as a potential novel anti-oxidant in treating major opioid toxicity<\/strong>. In\u00a0: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 5 (08); 2015: 167-172. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. The use of opioids has gain popularity in the field of medicine especially in treating chronic terminally ill patients. Unfortunately, several adverse effects in relation to its use have been reported. Literature search on the adversity of opioids in treating pain, its paradoxical hyperalgesic effects and susceptibility to addiction were conducted using Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar without species limitation. This brief article focuses on the corresponding neuro-protective, hepato-protective, anti-inflammatory, ulcero-protective and nephron- protective functions of (Phoenix dactylifera L) to elaborate on evidences, mechanisms, modulatory and pharmacological significance to counteract adverse effects of opioid treatment and provide insight on the underlying mechanisms of addiction.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japsonline.com\/admin\/php\/uploads\/1595_pdf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.japsonline.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SANKARAN B., DISTICRAJ S., PANDIAN G. 2015. Biodiversity of angiosperms in Poomalai hill of Thiruvannamalai District, Tamilnadu, India. <\/strong>In: Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev. 2015; 3(4):32-36. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Angiosperms are the most important group among the plant kingdom. It has become very essential for human kind to tap the vast potentials of diverse species of angiosperms available in the world. Researches on biodiversity facilitate to identify and know the distribution and availability of such taxonomically important species. An attempt was made to study the angiosperm diversity of Poomalai hill in Thiruvannamalai district. The plants were collected from the study area and identified. The total number of species identified was 63 belonging to 35 families. Amongst the 63 identified species, 41 were found to be economically important.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijcrar.com\/vol-3-4\/B.%20Sankaran,%20et%20al.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijcrar.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SHALABY E.A. 2015. A Review of Selected Non-Edible Biomass Sources as Feedstock for Biodiesel Production.<\/strong> In\u00a0: Biofuels \u2013 Status and Perspective. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><a title=\"Abstract. Date palm seeds The date (Phoenix dactylifera) has always played an important role in the economy and social life of the people of arid and semiarid regions of the world. Phoenix dactylifera (date or date palm), a flowering plant species in the palm family Arecaceae, is one of the member of the genus Phoenix, widely cultivated for its edible fruit. Dates have been a staple diet in the Middle East for thousands of years. Date seeds, considered as waste product, are either discarded or used as fodder for domestic farm animals. Egypt is considered the first rank in the production of date as shown in Table 1. The total world production of date fruits was about 6.64 million tons in 2007 [1], with Egypt, Iran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UAE and Pakistan being the main producing countries. Habib and Ibrahim [2] found that, the relative percentage of date seeds to the date fruits ranges 6.10%\u201311.47%. The same author also estimated the annual world production of date seeds at about 697,000 tons in 2007. Date seeds are commonly considered as a waste product (Figure 1) that is either discarded or used in animal feed. However, date seeds have been shown to possess extractable high value added components [3]. Date seeds, which are low cost agriculture by-products, can be used for production of activated carbon.\" href=\"http:\/\/cdn.intechopen.com\/pdfs-wm\/47727.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cdn.intechopen.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SUBBOTIN S.A. et alii 2015. Characterisation of populations of Longidorus orientalis Loof 1982 (<em>Nematoda Dorylaimida<\/em>) from date palm (<em>Phoenix dactylifera L.<\/em>) in the USA and other countries and incongruence of phylogenies inferred from ITS1 rRNA and coxI genes. <\/strong>In: Nematology 17 (2015) 459-477. <a title=\"Summary. Needle nematode populations of Longidorus orientalis associated with date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, and detected during nematode surveys conducted in Arizona, California and Florida, USA, were characterised morphologically and molecularly. The nematode species most likely arrived in California a century ago with propagative date palms from the Middle East and eventually spread to Florida on ornamental date palms that were shipped from Arizona and California. This is the \ufb01rst validated continental record of this needle nematode species in the USA and the Americas. The USA populations of L. orientalis contained a small number of males that were not reported in the original description and are herein described. Longidorus orientalis was able to survive for at least 4 years at very low numbers in the warm and humid environment of Florida on date palms imported from California and Arizona. Association of L. orientalis with L. africanus was observed in all of the surveyed sites, indicating that date palm is a host of both nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships of L. orientalis with closely related Longidorus species, in addition to relationships between populations of L. orientalis from the USA, Greece, Iran and Spain, were inferred from the analyses of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS1 rRNA and partial coxI gene sequences. The PCR-D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA-RFLP diagnostic pro\ufb01le is provided. Longidorus orientalis populations display a high level of intraspeci\ufb01c variation (up to 15.5%) in coxI mtDNA sequences. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships of nematode populations revealed incongruence of the ITS1 rRNA and coxI mtDNA gene trees, which might be the result of selective introgression of mtDNA through gene \ufb02ow between previously isolated populations introduced simultaneously into new geographical regions.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.russjnematology.com\/subbotin\/Reprint\/Nematology%20L_orientalis%202015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.russjnematology.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>UBA et alii 2015. Mineral profile, proximate and amino acid composition of three dates varieties (Phoenix Dactylifera L.). <\/strong>In\u00a0: Der Pharma Chemica, 2015, 7(5):48-53. <a title=\"ABSTRACT Proximate, mineral and amino acid composition of three varieties of date fruits (Dagalla, Dan-Mali and Fari) were investigated. The parameters evaluated were moisture content; ash content; crude protein; crude lipid; crude fibre; carbohydrate; mineral ions and amino acids. The results obtained showed that, moisture content was generally low (1.3- 4.6%), ash contents were within the range of 3.0- 3.3%. The values for crude protein and fibre for Dagalla were 1.53\u00b10.03%; 2.00\u00b10.50%; Dan-Mali 1.34\u00b10.05% and 2.83\u00b10.95% and Fari 1.53\u00b10.03% and 2.17\u00b10.44%. The crude lipid value in Dagalla (1.00\u00b10.00%) was twice the amount for Dan-Mali and Fari; signifying higher fat content in Dagalla dates. All the three dates varieties have high carbohydrate content (90.64\u00b10.6%, 90.47\u00b10.5% and 89.99\u00b11.0%) for Fari, Dagalla and Dan-Mali respectively. The calorific value for all the three dates was around 377.51-386.51kcal\/100g. The potassium (K + ) content was high in all the three varieties (Fari 360mg\/100g; Dan-Mali 310 mg\/100g and Dagalla 265mg\/100g) suggesting that these dates contributes substantially to the dietry intake of potassium. Na + concentration was 6.13mg\/100g on average in all the samples. Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ showed moderate concentrations (1.32-1.25mg\/100g) for all the samples. Twelve amino acids were detected. Aspartic acid, proline and alanine were present at high concentration in all the three dates fruits. This work revealed that the dates fruits can be considered as efficient sources of carbohydrate, mineral nutrients, quality amino acids and can play a major role in human nutrition and health.\" href=\"http:\/\/derpharmachemica.com\/vol7-iss5\/DPC-2015-7-5-48-53.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/derpharmachemica.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>UMAR N.S, RANI M.D.M., RAHMAN Z.A. 2015. Practice of Phoenix dactylifera (Dates) among Residents in Kg. Dato Ahmad Razali, Dengkil, Selangor. A Preliminary Study <\/strong>In\u00a0: International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol. 6, No. 9, September 2016. <a title=\"Abstract. In Malaysia, the increasing demands on prophetic diet are shown through huge numbers of prophetic food products manufactured by Malay Muslim\u2019s companies such as Hiraq Marketing, Saffron Integrated Marketing, Qaseh Gold, Naturalherbs and many more. The mushrooming of prophetic food products has shown an increased awareness among Muslim community in Malaysia in practicing Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. Despite the increasing demands of prophetic diet, there are few studies done in Malaysia to determine the actual practice among Muslim Malaysian communities. This preliminary study, which consisted of 40 adult residents in Kg. Dato\u2019 Ahmad Razali , Sepang found that 35% of the respondents consumed dates only during Ramadhan or fasting month and this result showed that the level of practice of dates consumption was still low. Therefore, further large scale study needs to be done to promote the consumption of this prophetic food, not only among Muslims but non-Muslims as well. The acceptance of prophetic foods may lead to a healthier eating practice, thus improving one\u2019s health status.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijssh.org\/vol6\/732-CH405.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijssh.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>XIN C. Et alii 2015. Profiling microRNA expression during multi-staged date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit development. <\/strong>In: Genomics 105(4):242. <a title=\"ABSTRACT. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in multiple stages of plant development and regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional and translational levels. In this study, we \ufb01rst identi\ufb01ed 238 conserved miRNAs in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) based on a high-quality genome assembly and de\ufb01ned 78 fruit-development-associated (FDA) miRNAs, whose expression pro\ufb01les are variable at different fruit development stages. Using experimental data, we subsequently detected 276 novel P. dactylifera-speci\ufb01c FDA miRNAs and predicted their targets. We also revealed that FDA miRNAs function mainly in regulating genes involved in starch\/sucrose metabolisms and other carbon metabolic pathways; among them, 221 FDA miRNAs exhibit negative correlation with their corresponding targets, which suggests their direct regulatory roles on mRNA targets. Our data de\ufb01ne a comprehensive set of conserved and novel FDA miRNAs along with their expression pro\ufb01les, which provide a basis for further experimentation in assigning discrete functions of these miRNAs in P. dactylifera fruit development.\" href=\"http:\/\/repository.kaust.edu.sa\/kaust\/bitstream\/10754\/552308\/1\/1-s2.0-S088875431500021X-main.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/repository.kaust.edu.sa\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>YAHAYA S.A., OMOKHUDU C.A., ABDULAHI M.A., SANUSI M.K. 2015. Phytochemical screening and mineral evaluation of fresh date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in wet season of Nigeria. <\/strong>In: J. Agric. Crop Res. Vol. 3(3), pp. 47-52, April 2015. <a title=\"Abstract. The research was undertaken to determine the presence of some phytochemicals and minerals in five varieties of fresh date in wet season of Nigeria in June 2014 during the harvest period. The fresh date fruits varieties were selected from gene pool four (4) in the experimental field of Nigerian Institute for Oil palm Research (NIFOR) date palm substation, Dutse, Jigawa State. Results showed that tannins and reducing sugar were present in all the varieties analysed, while flavonoids and steroids were absent. However, saponins, anthraquinones, volatile oils and cardiac glycosides were present in some varieties. A high amount of calcium (Ca 2+ ) and phosphorus (P) were observed among the varieties while no iron (Fe 2+ ) was present. Zinc, manganese and nitrogen were observed generally in all the varieties. The paper is useful as it reveals active constituents in the fresh date fruit which can be very significant in drug development and for food manufactures.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencewebpublishing.net\/jacr\/archive\/2015\/April\/pdf\/Yahaya%20et%20al.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.sciencewebpublishing.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>YAISH M.W., KUMAR P.P. 2015. Salt Tolerance Research in Date Palm Tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Past, Present and Future Perspectives. <\/strong>In: Front. Plant Sci. 6:348. <a title=\"The date palm can adapt to extreme drought, to heat, and to relatively high levels of soil salinity. However, excessive amounts of salt due to irrigation with brackish water lead to a significant reduction in the productivity of the fruits as well as marked decrease in the viable numbers of the date palm trees. It is imperative that the nature of the existing salt-adaptation mechanism be understood in order to develop future date palm varieties that can tolerate excessive soil salinity. In this perspective article, several research strategies, obstacles, and precautions are discussed in light of recent advancements accomplished in this field and the properties of this species. In addition to a physiological characterization, we propose the use of a full range of OMICS technologies, coupled with reverse genetics approaches, aimed towards understanding the salt-adaption mechanism in the date palm. Information generated by these analyses should highlight transcriptional and posttranscriptional modifications controlling the salt-adaptation mechanisms. As an extremophile with a natural tolerance for a wide range of abiotic stresses, the date palm may represent a treasure trove of novel genetic resources for salinity tolerance.\" href=\"http:\/\/publicationslist.org\/data\/myaish\/ref-40\/Frontiers-141096_Yaish_ProvisionalPDF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/publicationslist.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ZOBRA et alii 2015. Evaluation of Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of leaf extract from Phoenix Dactylifera L obtained by different pH of aqueous extraction.<\/strong> In\u00a0: Journal of Pharmacy Research 2016,10(1),1-7. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><a title=\"ABSTRACT Influence of pH aqueous medium extraction on phenolic content, flavonoid content, proanthocyanidins, phytochemical composition, antioxi- dant activities of leaves extract from Phoenix dactylifera L was investigated. It was observed that extraction yield increased at weak acidic condition (value of pH between 2 and 3), and the pH effects on the composition extraction process were illustrated. For the low value of pH, the yield extraction increase, similar phenomena for the antioxidant activity and concentration of individual phenolic compounds obtained by HPLC, but the phenolic content decrease. For the high value of pH, the yield extraction decrease, the low antioxidant activity and concentra- tion of individual phenolic compounds obtained by HPLC, but the phenolic content increase. The optimum pH value of medium extraction solvent it is 2.\" href=\"http:\/\/jprsolutions.info\/files\/final-file-568e6e1a254341.04669111.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/jprsolutions.info\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>{tab=2014}<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RECENSION<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>Revue Passerelle N\u00b09: Paysages de l\u2019apr\u00e8s-p\u00e9trole ? <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">D\u00e9nominateur commun des transitions (\u00e9cologique, agricole et \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique), le paysage offre une vision transversale de ces probl\u00e9matiques, largement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e dans cette publication. Le paysage est une notion que tout le monde peut s&rsquo;approprier, tandis que les d\u00e9bats publics sur tel projet \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ou telle infrastructure tournent rapidement au d\u00e9bat de techniciens. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link : <a title=\"Extraits de la recension publi\u00e9e par Sophie Fabr\u00e9gat sur actu-environnement.com. L'am\u00e9nagement du territoire a \u00e9volu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re radicale en quelques d\u00e9cennies avec le p\u00e9trole&quot;, rappelle Odile Marcel, philosophe et \u00e9crivain. Autoroutes maillant le territoire, zones commerciales \u00e0 l'entr\u00e9e des villes, lotissements en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie\u2026 constituent ainsi le &quot;paysage du p\u00e9trole&quot;. Le choix d'une agriculture industrielle, au sortir de la deuxi\u00e8me guerre mondiale, a lui aussi profond\u00e9ment boulevers\u00e9 la physionomie des territoires fran\u00e7ais. &quot;Il a fallu agrandir les parcelles pour permettre la m\u00e9canisation, ce qui a conduit au remembrement&quot;, souligne Baptiste Sanson, agronome. Ce r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement du foncier agricole a conduit \u00e0 une plus forte sp\u00e9cialisation des cultures, et \u00e0 une uniformisation de certains paysages. &quot;Le paysage, c'est un bel outil de d\u00e9mocratie locale et de r\u00e9appropriation du d\u00e9bat&quot;, estime S\u00e9bastien Giorgis, architecte paysagiste. D\u00e9finir le paysage, c'est en effet d\u00e9finir le territoire dans lequel on vit et le projet que l'on veut y inscrire. Les populations, mais aussi les acteurs doivent \u00eatre associ\u00e9s aux discussions. Pour Baptiste Sanson, la transition agro-\u00e9cologique devra passer par une transformation des paysages agricoles. L'urbaniste Christophe Bayle travaille quant \u00e0 lui, depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es, sur les lisi\u00e8res urbaines. Ces territoires, \u00e0 la limite de la ville, n\u00e9s de l'\u00e9talement urbain et de la d\u00e9surbanisation, sans v\u00e9ritable projet.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.citego.info\/?-Paysages-de-l-apres-petrole-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.citego.info\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ACTES DE COLLOQUE: AAVV 2014. Agrobiodiversite en milieu aride et saharien<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Revue des R\u00e9gions Arides \u2013 Num\u00e9ro Sp\u00e9cial \u2013 n\u00b0 35 (3\/2014) \u2013 Actes du 4\u00e8me Meeting International \u2018\u2019Aridoculture et Cultures Oasisennes. Gestion des Ressources et Applications Biotechnologiques en Aridoculture et Cultures Sahariennes : perspectives pour un d\u00e9veloppement durable des zones arides 17-19\/12\/2013. Link:<\/span> <a title=\"EXTRAITS DU SOMMAIRE.  * SOLIMAN S.S, AL-OBEED. R. S. Pollen morphology of some date palm males (phoenix dactylifera L.) under Saudi Arabia conditions.  * MOHAMED L., SAMIRA K., ALI B., SALMA J.. Maintien de l\u2019agriculture oasienne et pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019agrodiversit\u00e9 dans le P\u00e9rim\u00e8tre Public Irrigu\u00e9 d\u2019El ferch.  *S. ZEHDI-AZOUZI, E. CHERIF, S. RHOUMA, A. RHOUMA, M. BEN-SALAH, S. SANTONI, J.C. PINTAUD, F. ABERLENC-BERTOSSI, A.S. HANNACHI. Etude de la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique d\u2019une collection d\u2019accessions littorales de palmier dattier en Tunisie.  *E. CHERIF, F. ABERLENC-BERTOSSI, A. RHOUMA, J.C. PINTAUD, S. SANTONI, A.S. HANNACHI, S. ZEHDI-AZOUZI. Marqueurs du sexe chez le palmier dattier : int\u00e9r\u00eats en am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.  *S. ABED, H. HAMZA, M. BENSALAH, A.FERCHICHI. Description morphologique de la population du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L. var. Halwai) situ\u00e9e dans les oasis littorales tunisiennes. \" href=\"http:\/\/www.ira.agrinet.tn\/imgcommon\/files\/RRA35_session%201.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ira.agrinet.tn\/imgcommon\/files\/RRA35_session%201.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Free access on-line<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABBAS MF, ABDUL-WAHID AH., ABASS KI. 2014. Metaxenic effect in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit in relation to level of endogenous auxins. <\/strong>In: Advances in Agriculture &amp; Botanics. International Journal of the Bioflux Society, Volume 6, Issue 1. Link: <a title=\"The metaxenic effect in date palm fruit cv. Hillawi induced by pollinating with two types of pollen, namely Ghannami Akdhar and Khiri Adi, was investigated in relation to changes in the concentration of free IAA during fruit development. The results showed that the pollen type had a significant effect on the concentration of free IAA, with fruits produced by the Khikri Adi pollen having the highest concentration as compared to fruits produced by the Ghannami Akdhar pollen. The results also showed that the pollen type Khikri caused a significant increase in fruit size, fresh weight of the whole fruit, pulp and seed in comparison with fruits produced by the Ghannami Akhdar pollen.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aab.bioflux.com.ro\/docs\/2014.40-44.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aab.bioflux.com.ro\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABD M, KAREEM A. 2014. Genetic distinction among cultivars of date palm using some molecular markers. <\/strong>In: Journal of Advances in Biology, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 333-341, feb. 2014. Link\u00a0: <a title=\"The experiment was carried out in the laboratories of biological techniques in the Department of Livestock, Agriculture College, Basrah University. The Randomly Amplified Polymerase Chain Reaction technique was used with four primers to find out the exactration DNA and the percentage of genetic divergence in six cultivars of date palm (Al_khasab, Allylwi, Bent Alsabaa, Dekal Ahmer, Alfersee and AlKhdrawee). Also, the study involved isolating DNA from the newly grown leaves of the study's date palm cultivars, and showing differences among the amplified pieces for each cultivar by deporting samples to the Electrophorses in the RAPD interactions. The results stated that there are considerable genetic differences among the cultivars of the current study. This was in terms of both the number of amplified bands and their molecular weight according to the primer used. The total number of the bands used was 64 for all primers. Moreover, the cultivars showed huge variations except, Bent Alsabaa and Dekal Ahmer which stood at 75% and Dekal Ahmer and AlKhdrawee stood at 66.7%. The data was then collected and analyses, and the cultivars were classified into two separate groups. The cultivars Dekal Ahmer and Allylwi were in the same group where the former recorded less distance. Finally, the study concluded that the types are separated from each other reflected by phenotypic differences among them.\" href=\"http:\/\/cirjab.com\/index.php\/JAB\/article\/view\/59\/pdf_39\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cirjab.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABDELBAR OH, ELDAWAYATI MM 2014.<\/strong> <strong>Histological changes on regeneration in vitro culture of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) leaf explants.<\/strong> In: AJCS 8(6): 848-855 (2014). Link: <a title=\"A tissue culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of some growth regulators and two different ages ofin vitroleaves ofdate palm c.v. sakoty on regeneration process. Leaves were cultured on Murashige and Skoog\u2019s medium (MS) supplementedwith each orcombined with the following growth regulators 4 mg l-12,4-D, 40 mg l-1NAA, 2 mg l-1BA, (2 mg1-1BA+ 40 mg l-1NAA), (2mgl-1BA+4 mg l-12,4-D) and (2 mg l-1BA+40 mg l-1NAA+4 mg l-12,4-D). The results showed thatin vitroyoung leaf explants treated with 2 mg1-1BA was more efficient in inducing direct somatic embryos and subsequent plantlets growth in a short time duration ,i.e.8-10 months.However, the other treatments or the old leaves had no response to induce direct somatic embryos.Also, histological examinations weremade during the initiation and development of direct somatic embryos. It was revealed that the proembryos originated from procambialcells, whereas the mesophyll parenchyma and the epidermal cells did not participate inthis process. Procambial cells acquired theembryonic competence within 15 days form culturing. The embryonic structures were generated along the vascular strands, whichsubsequently evolved into somatic embryos. After two months, different developmentalstages of somatic embryos were observed, i.e.(pre-globular, globular, early bipolar, bipolar and cotyledonary-shaped). The regenerated embryos were transferred onto bothmultiplication and rooting media for 8 months to obtained healthy plantlets. Therefore, this protocol provides a simple and rapid way toregenerate date palmviadirect embryogenesis.This result obtained herewith was discussed with other results elsewhere which depend oncallus formation as an intermediate phase to obtain somatic embryosindirectly.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cropj.com\/elbar_8_6_2014_848_855.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cropj.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABDOLVAND B, ZARGHAMI R, HASANI H, MARDI M, ZADE H Z 2014. Effect of 2,4-D and 2ip hormones on embryogenesis callus production and the effect of sucrose and concentrations of MS salts on somatic embryogenesis of date palm (cv. Medjool).<\/strong> In: IJFAS Journal \u2013 2014 \u2013 3 \u2013 1 1 \/ 1188 \u2013 1193 \/ 3 0 November , 2014. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT: Somatic embryogenesis is one of the most common and effectual method for in vitro regeneration of date palms. In this study, production of embryogenesis callus in Medjool cultivar on high concentrations of 2,4 - D (10, 30, 50, and 70 mg\/l) with 2ip (0 and 3 mg\/l) were examined. In the absence of 2ip hormone and the treatment with 70mg\/l 2,4 - D hormone, we witnessed the highest embryogenesis callus production of (2.68g) and production of embryogenesis calluses of about 2.57g when we used 3mg 2ip hormone with 50mg 2,4 - D, accounted as the second order of production. Moreover, as we aimed at producing somatic embryos, embryogenesis calluses were exposed to two concentrations of 30 and 60mg\/l sucrose and three different concentrations of MS salts, by which it was determined that the higher concentration of sucrose was applied, the more the number of embryos were produced. It was also revealed that for producing somatic embryos, 1\/2MS and 3\/4MS were more efficient than absolute MS.\" href=\"http:\/\/ijfas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/1188-1193.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ijfas.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABEDI A, KARIMIAN SM, PARVIZ M, MOHAMMADI P, ROUDSARI HRS 2014. Effect of Aqueous Extract of Phoenix dactylifera Pollen on Dopamine System of Nucleus Accumbens in Male Rats. <\/strong>In: Neuroscience &amp; Medicine, 2014, 5, 49-59. Link: <a title=\"BACKGROUND: Dopamine has been known to facilitate male sexual function. METHODS: The effect of aqueous extract (140 mg\/kg) of Phoenix dactylifera date palm pollen on sexual behavior and determining of dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens was studied in male rats using in vivo microdialysis. RESULTS: Releasing of dopamine increased significantly in the nucleus accumbens when a receptive female was introduced behind a screen (p &lt; 0.001). During copulation, dopamine increased markedly in control and treated rats. Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm Pollen enhanced the orientation of males towards females by increasing mounting and ano-genital investigatory behavior. Improving of sexual behavior and dopamine release was higher in treated rats in comparison with control (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results indicate a neurochemical basis for interaction between dopaminergic agents and male sexual behavior. Therefore, Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm Pollen seems to act as a dopamine agonist and to cure male infertility. It can be used as an aphrodisiac that leads to further increases in dopamine release.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=44076\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABERLENC-BERTOSSI F., CASTILLO K., TRANCHANT-DUBREUIL C., CHERIF E., BALLARDINI M., ABDOULKADER S., GROS-BALTHAZARD M., CHABRILLANGE N., SANTONI S., MERCURI A., PINTAUD JC 2014. In Silico Mining of Microsatellites in Coding Sequences of the Date Palm (Arecaceae) Genome, Characterization, and Transferability. <\/strong>In: Applications in Plant Sciences 2014 2 (1): 5p. Link: <a title=\"PREMISE OF THE STUDY: To complement existing sets of primarily dinucleotide microsatellite loci from noncoding sequences of date palm, we developed primers for tri- and hexa-nucleotide microsatellite loci identified within genes. Due to their conserved genomic locations, the primers should be useful in other palm taxa, and their utility was tested in seven other Phoenix species and in Chamaerops, Livistona, and Hyphaene. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tandem repeat motifs of 3\u20136 bp were searched using a simple sequence repeat (SSR)\u2013pipeline package in coding portions of the date palm draft genome sequence. Fifteen loci produced highly consistent amplification, intraspecific polymorphisms, and stepwise mutation patterns. CONCLUSIONS: These microsatellite loci showed sufficient levels of variability and transferability to make them useful for population genetic, selection signature, and interspecific gene flow studies in Phoenix and other Coryphoideae genera.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bioone.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.3732\/apps.1300058\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bioone.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABUL-SOAD A A, JATOI M A 2014. Factors affecting in vitro rooting of date palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.).<\/strong> In: Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 51(2), 467-474; 2014. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Date palm is a dioecious, perennial monocot plant s pecies of the Arecaceae family cultivated in 56 cou ntries including European and American countries. The success of dat e palm micropropagation is strongly linked to the in vitro root quality. The identical shoots of 8-10 cm long of three diffe rent varieties (vars.) were cultured in rooting exp eriment to study the combined impact of genotype, sucrose concentration, activated charcoal (AC), basal salts (MS or MS &amp; B 5) and subculture number. The adventitious roots were planned to be i nitiated on media included different combinations o f sucrose and basal salts for a couple of subcultures (each a month) an d after then were transferred onto media contained 1.5 and 3.0 g\/l AC for additional two subcultures. Findings indicated that using 40 g\/l sucrose in the rooting medium encoura ged the adventitious roots production where 5 roots per plantlet of 7.8 cm long and 1.4 mm width were averagely induced. Th e average leaves number reached 3-4 leaves per plantlet, leaf length 18-28 cm and the leaf width 3.5-6.9 mm. Full stren gth of MS basal salts proved better than macro elements of B5 &amp; micro ele ments of MS. The leaves and roots growth was affect ed by the genotype since the shoots of var. Gajar were initiated befor e other two varieties and in higher number. Incorpo ration of 3.0 g\/l AC to the rooting medium found to be necessary to enhance the whole plantlet growth as the length of white r oots and leaves increased. AC addition encouraged the secondary and tertiary roots formation. By adjusting factors aff ected rooting, the ideal in vitro roots have been achieved within a short period of time (4 months) and the survival percentage of ex vitro plants exceeded 90%. The in vitro roots development and proper handling of the plant lets during rooting stage was described in current study.\" href=\"http:\/\/pakjas.com.pk\/papers%5C2298.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/pakjas.com.pk\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AGBON A N, KWANASHIE H O, HAMMAN W O, SAMBO S.J. 2014. Toxicological Evaluation of Oral Administration of Phoenix dactylifera L. Fruit Extract on the Histology of the Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rats.<\/strong> In: Int. J. Anim. Veter. Adv., 6(4):122-129, 2014. Link: <a title=\"Abstract: Various parts of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) are used in traditional medicine to treat various disorders such as fever, abdominal troubles, etc. , in different parts of the world. A preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera ( AFPD) revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and carbohydrates. This study was designed to investigate the effects of oral administration of AFPD on the histology of the liver and kidney in Wistar rats. Thirty - nine Wistar rats were divided into two g roups - control (three rats) and treatment (thirty - six rats). The animal s in experimental group were further categorised for two phase study (eighteen rats divid ed into three groups; six rats\/ group for each phase). In the first phase, the three groups (A, B and C) were administered AFPD (10, 100 and 1000 mg\/kg, oral, respectiv ely). In the second phase, the three groups (D, E and F) were administered AFPD (1600, 2900 and 5000 mg\/kg, oral, respectively). In both phases, after 24 h of AFPD administration, three rats of the six in each group were sacrificed and the other three sacr ificed after 21 days. Histopathological examinations of liver and kidney sections of the experimental animals were compared with the control. No mortality or signs of toxicity was observed in the experimental animals upon administration of AFPD, even at do ses as high as 5000 mg\/kg, which was confirmed by mild pathological changes with remarkable recovery after 21 days. This result demonstrates that the LD 50 of AFPD is greater than 5000 mg\/kg and is relatively safe.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.maxwellsci.com\/print\/ijava\/v6-122-129.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.maxwellsci.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-HARRASI A, REHMAN NU, HUSSAIN J, KHAN AL, AL-RAWAHI A, GILANI SA, AL-BROUMI M, ALI L 2104. Nutritional assessment and antioxidant analysis of 22 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) varieties growing in Sultanate of Oman.<\/strong> In: Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4(11): 850-857. Link\u00a0: <a title=\"OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional values and antioxidant analysis of 22 varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit collected from various regions of the Sultanate of Oman. METHODS: Nutritional parameters including moisture, fats, fiber, proteins, carbohydrates, and energy value were determined using standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The antioxidant activity was screened for their free radical scavenging properties using ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical. RESULTS: The results of the date fruits (dried\/tamar stage) revealed significantly higher moisture (15%-21%), dry matter (78%-86%), ash content (1.0%-2.0%), fiber (1.0%-2.5%), fat (0.1%-0.7%), protein (1.8%-3.8%), nitrogen (0.25%-0.55%), carbohydrates (74.5%-82.4%), and energy values (307- 345.5 kcal\/100 g). The antioxidant activity ranged between 40% and 86% depending upon the type of date and location. Overall, Khalas, Fardh and Khasab have significantly higher nutritional attributes; however, other varieties such as Barshi, Qush LuLu, Handal, and Khunaizi also have comparable nutritional values. The cluster analysis further evidenced the correlation of proximate parameters in different locations. Moreover, the nutritional and antioxidant attributes of similar date varieties collected from different locations were slightly varied. Conclusions: The present finding helps in understanding the nutritional significance of different date varieties in Oman while the lesser known varieties can be improved through sustainable horticultural practices as a valuable product. The study further reveals that the consumption of these dates \u2019 fruits would exert several beneficial effects by virtue of their antioxidant activity.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apjtb.com\/zz\/201411\/2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.apjtb.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-MAYAHI A. M. W. 2014. Effect of copper sulphate and cobalt chloride on growth of the in vitro culture tissues for date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) Cv. Ashgar.<\/strong> In: American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 9 (1): 6-18, 2014. Link: <a title=\"This study was carried out to investigate the effects of copper sulphate and cobalt chloride on propagation of date palm cv. Ashgar in vitro. The rate of callus proliferation was significantly higher in the medium supplemented with 2 \u00b5M copper sulphate and 2 \u00b5M cobalt chloride together (p&lt;0.05). Addition of copper sulphate and Cobalt chloride to the medium was most effective for shoots regeneration from callus and enhanced regeneration frequency as well as number of shoots obtained per explant, the best result (7.12 shoot\/explant) was obtained by using copper sulphate and Cobalt chloride at 2.0 \u00b5M. Also the results of this experiment indicates that the maximum induction of roots can be achieved in the media containing both additives at 0.5 \u00b5M. The callus exhibited a decline in carbohydrate contents, proteins, whereas total phenol content increased at high concentration of Cu and Co. The greatest formation of chlorophylls a, b and total chlorophyll was obtained in plantlets grown in the media containing both additives at 0.5 \u00b5M. As well as Maximum survivability was noticed for plants cultured in media that containing both copper sulphate and Cobalt chloride at 0.5 \u00b5M.\" href=\"http:\/\/thescipub.com\/pdf\/10.3844\/ajabssp.2014.6.18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/thescipub.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-SHARAFI NMN 2014. Evaluation The Effect Of Extract Of Phoenix Dactylifera Palm Leaves On Some Blood Serum Electrolytes In Alloxan Treated Female Rats.<\/strong> In: International Journal of Advanced Research (2014), Volume 2, Issue 3, 731-736. Link: <a title=\"This study was conducted to evolution the effect of ethanolic extract of Palm Leaves (Phoenix Dactylifera) on blood serum electrolytes in alloxan treated female rats. Eighteen albino adult female rats of wistar strain average body weigh  between 150g to 200g  were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 6). Group I (serves as control group), Group II ( injected intraperitonealy (i.p.)with single dose alloxan 100 mg kg\/B.W), Group III (injected intraperitonealy (i.p.)with single dose alloxan 100 mg kg\/B.W and daily orally gavages with 200mg\/kg B.W. palm leaves extract). Serum sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and phosphor were estimated. Alloxan injection induced decrease in serum sodium concentration and increase in serum potassium, magnesium, chloride and phosphor concentration . Oral administration of palm leaves extract resulted in a significant elevation (p &lt; 0.05) in serum sodium concentration near the normal value and significant decrease (p &lt; 0.05) in serum potassium and chloride concentrations, while non significant reduces in serum magnesium and phosphor concentrations. palm leaves extract may be useful in improving the clinical benefits for serum electrolyte changes in diabetes.\" href=\"http:\/\/journalijar.com\/uploads\/860_IJAR-2945.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/journalijar.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-SHAHRANI M S, ALMEHDAR H A. 2014. The Potential Anticancer Activity Of Saudi Arabia Ajwah Dates (Phoenix Dactylifera).<\/strong> In Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. IV, Issue. III. Link\u00a0: <a title=\"The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is considered one of the most important commercial crops in the Arab world. A trial to obtain a natural potentially active extract with anticancer activity from the Saudi Arabia plant and more safe for human. Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) was used to evaluate MARE on mice after 24 and 48 hours of tumor inoculation at levels of (200mg\/ml) as antitumor activity to show the sufficient value which causes EAC cells nonviable. The treatment with MARE did not appear a remarkable toxicity on the mice which resulting in the lowering percentage of mortality. The results indicated the life-span of mice groups after 60 days of EAC inoculated on the female Swiss albino mice. The female Albino mice with EAC (Group II), all mice died of carcinoma within 31 \u00b1 3.46 day of inoculation; while the concurrent administration MARE plus the EAC-bearing hosts and MARE alone (Group III and IV) resulted in an increase (P &lt; 0.001) in mean survival of the animals; maximum life-span being 53 \u00b1 0.35 day. This significant result of mean life-span in (Group III and IV) comparing with lifespan in (Group II) confirmed the efficiency of MARE against EAC.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.isrj.net\/UploadedData\/4481.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.isrj.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-SAYYED HF, TAKRURI HR, SHOMAF MS, 2014. The effect of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on 7, 12-dimethylbenz (\u03b1) anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer in rats. <\/strong>In: Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci., 4(1), 11-18. Link: <a title=\"This research was performed to study the effect of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on the 7,12-dimethylbenz (\u03b1) anthracene-induced mammary cancer in rats. The effect of feeding the fruit at two maturity stages (\u201cRutab\u201d and \u201cTamr\u201d) was compared to that of feeding raw soybean seeds and injection with two drugs, preventive and curative against mammary cancer, i.e., tamoxifien and 17-\u03b2-estradiol respectively. For comparison purposes, another group of rats was injected with sesame oil. Eighty three female weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into the treatment groups. Each group received one of the dietary or drug treatments. Another group of rats that received neither drug nor special dietary treatment served as a positive\/carcinogen control group. Still another group was injected with sesame oil, which is the carcinogen vehicle at the time of injecting the carcinogen, to serve as a negative\/carcinogen control group. Three weeks after the carcinogen administration, animals were palpated twice per week to record the appearance of any lesion. At the end of the 26-week feeding period, all animals were killed. Palpable lesions, mammary tissue, and associated lymph nodes were removed, fixed, and prepared for histopathological examination. The diets that contained the date palm fruit reduced significantly (P&lt;0.05) the incidence rate of mammary cancer, palpable tumour multiplicity, tumour size and weight compared to the positive\/DMBA control group. In conclusion, the date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) protected against DMBA-induced mammary cancer in the initiation, promotion, and progression stages of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis. The effect was comparable with that of the two drugs (tamoxifen and 17-\u03b2-estradiol). Further research is required to elucidate the possible mechanisms that might have contributed to the preventive effect of this fruit against mammary cancer.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uop.edu.jo\/download\/Research\/members\/1046_2726_Hiba.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.uop.edu.jo\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-TAMIM EAA 2014. Comparative study o n the chemical composition of Saudi Sukkari and Egyptian Swei date palm fruits.<\/strong> In: Journal of American Science 201 4 ; 10 ( 6 ). Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit crop in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Due to the nutritional value of the fruits, Egypt as well as many other countries exited great offers for increasing the date plantations. Saudi Sukkari and Egyptian Swei date samples were collected from the local markets in Saudi Arabia and Egypt for determination of p roximate chemical , minerals and vitamins . The study results showed that the Saudi Sukkari sample had the highest percentages of moisture (10.58%) , protein (2 . 39%) , fiber (4.23%) , fat (3 . 15%) and ash (2 . 50%). The highest level of total sugars and T.S.S were in the Egyptian Swei sample ( 81.49 %) and ( 91.20 %) respectively. Acidity of Egyptian sample was (0 . 48%) and considered to be low in both samples . Also, pH level was high in Saudi Sukkari sample (7 . 11%). The contents of Cu, Na, Ca , Mg and K were higher in Swei Egyptian sample (94.9, 81.7, 79.62, 66.33 &amp; 55.11mg\/100g) then Sukkari Saudi sample (81, 74.6, 75.33, 61.15 &amp; 54.18mg\/100g), respectively. The lowest minerals contents were Zn (0.80mg\/100g) and Fe (4.35mg\/100g) in Saudi sample, comparing to Egyptian dates (0.86mg\/100g) and (4.56mg\/100g), respectively . In regards of the vitamins ( B2, B6, B1 and nicotinic acid were high in Sewi dates ( 105.18, 59.71, 42.74 and 173 . 64 ppm) respectively. B12 was high in Saudi Sukkari date with 33 . 890 ppm. Vitamin C was 10 . 52 mg\/100g in both samples. The differences among this study results could be referred to the samples sources and growth conditions. Dates are good sources of nutrients and advise to be consumed in regular diet system.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jofamericanscience.org\/journals\/am-sci\/am1006\/018_24217am100614_149_153.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.jofamericanscience.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-TAMIM EAA 2014. Study of anti-nutrients and antioxidant in date palm fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) from Saudi Arabia and Egypt<\/strong>. In: Journal of American Science 201 4 ; 10 (3). Link: <a title=\"Saudi (Sukkari) and Egyptian (Sewi ) palm dates samples were collected from local markets in both countries and were analyzed for nutritional and anti-nutritional composition using standard analytical methods. The results showed significant differences at (p \u2264 0.05) in p hytate, t a nnins, o xalate, Ca, Fe, Zn, phenolics , flavonoids, antioxidant activity and carotenoids . The levels of p hytate and t annins were low in both samples, Egyptian (1 . 79%) and (1 . 92%) respectively. There was no o xalate in both samples. The percentages of mineral elements to phytate indicated the abundance of mineral elements . Ca was the most abundant in Egyptian and Saudi samples (3 . 981 %) and (3 . 7665%) respectively. Fe and Zn were least abundant in Egyptian dates (0 . 175%) and (0 . 0286), followed by Saudi Sample (0 . 167%) and (0 . 026%) respectively. Also, t his study indicated both samples were rich of p henolic compound and f lavonoids wi th gr eater antioxidant activity, where the Egyptian dates sample had the high level s (532 . 96 %), (54 . 06%) and (62 . 79%) respectively. The Saudi sample had the high level of c arotenoids (3 . 48 mg\/g). The results illustrate that Saudi and Egyptian dates are good for consumption and processing due to their low levels of anti - nutritional factors and the abundance of p henolic compounds, f lavonoids and antioxidant activity and c arotenoids. The differences in results of Saudi (Sukkari) and Egyptian (Sewi) palm dates sampl es could be referred to the samples sources , growth conditions and fruit age\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jofamericanscience.org\/journals\/am-sci\/am1003\/020_24216am100314_154_159.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.jofamericanscience.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ARINKIN V., DIGEL I., PORST D., ARTMANN A.T., ARTMANN G. 2014. Phenotyping date palm varieties via leaflet cross-sectional imaging and artificial neural network application. <\/strong>In: BMC Bioinformatics 2014, 15:55<strong>. <\/strong>Link: <a title=\"BACKGROUND: True date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are impressive trees and have served as an indispensable source of food for mankind in tropical and subtropical countries for centuries. The aim of this study is to differentiate date palm tree varieties by analysing leaflet cross sections with technical\/optical methods and artificial neural networks (ANN). RESULTS: Fluorescence microscopy images of leaflet cross sections have been taken from a set of five date palm tree cultivars (Hewlat al Jouf, Khlas, Nabot Soltan, Shishi, Um Raheem ). After features extraction from images, the obtained data have been fed in a multilayer perceptron ANN with backpropagation learning algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, an accurate result in prediction and differentiation of date palm tree cultivars was achieved with average prediction in tenfold cross-validation is 89.1% and reached 100% in one of the best ANN\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asrt.sci.eg\/Portals\/0\/Images\/pdf\/DATE%20PALM.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.asrt.sci.eg\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ASIF, HUSSAIN, BUKHARI, KHAN, LATIF, SHAHWAR, SHEHZADI, SHAHBAZ, KHAN 2014. Effect of pH on Adsorption Profile of Phoenix sylvestris Pits Activated Carbon Using Paracetamol as a Model Drug. <\/strong>In: Lat. Am. J. Pharm. 33 (9): 1561-6 (2014). Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Despite exhibiting adsorption for some industrial and therapeutic substances like paracetamol, activated carbon of pits of Phoenix sylvestris (family Arecaceae) has not been investigated for its adsorption behaviour with respect to changes in pH, an important variable in adsorption. Therefore, the present study describes the adsorption kinetics of ZnCl 2 - and H 3 PO 4 -activated carbon of pits in a range of acidic and basic pH. Commercially available activated charcoal was used as a control. The equilibrium contact time for maximum adsorption was found to be 60 min for activated carbons of both types, whilst it was 45 min for the control. The H 3 PO 4 activated carbon showed better adsorption at acidic pH as compared to the basic one, and its adsorption capacity was comparable to that of the control. FTIR analysis indicated that hydrogen bonding was involved in adsorption. The results of this study indicate that activat- ed carbon of pits of Phoenix sylvestris may be used to effectively adsorb paracetamol when it is in the stomach. \" href=\"http:\/\/www.latamjpharm.org\/resumenes\/33\/9\/LAJOP_33_9_2_4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">latamjpharm.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ASSIREY E A R 2014. Nutritional composition of fruit of 10 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars grown in Saudi Arabi.<\/strong> In: Journal of Taibah University for Science, Available online 15 July 2014. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of dates from 10 types of palm cultivated in Saudi Arabia (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to assess their nutritive (crude protein, crude fat and ash) and amino acid composition. The dates were rich in sugar (71.2\u201381.4% dry weight), while ash represented 1.68\u20133.94%; they contained low concentrations of protein and lipid (1.72\u20134.73% and 0.12\u20130.72%, respectively). The predominant mineral was potassium, and the main sugars were glucose and fructose. They contained high concentrations of aspartic acid, proline, alanine, glycine, valine and leucine; low concentrations of threonine, serine, isoleucine, tyrosine, arginine, phenylalanine and lysine and very low concentrations of methionine and histidine. These results show that dates are nutritious and can play a major role in human nutrition and health.\" href=\"http:\/\/ac.els-cdn.com\/S1658365514000703\/1-s2.0-S1658365514000703-main.pdf?_tid=5c9684a8-7bc4-11e4-8e3d-00000aacb35e&amp;acdnat=1417704582_64c2a2a634c2215da72d146dcbee883e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ac.els-cdn.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ATHARINIA M., NOJOUMI S. A. 2014. Evaluation of Bacillus cereus contamination in packed Mazafati dates. <\/strong>In: Journal of Genes, Microbes and Immunity, 4p. Link: <a title=\"Bacillus species are spore-forming positive gram. These bacilli are found everywhere and they remain in environment for several years due to their ability in producing spores. Among many species of genus bacillus, most of them will not cause disease, but a few species are important factors in human diseases. Bacillus cereus causes food poisoning and sometimes eye infections and other localized infections. One hundred 500gr packages of Mazafati dates were randomly sampled from the distribution centers and tested. For the enumeration of B. cereus MYP (Mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin) agar was used. The linear culture was performed in plates. After the evaluation of the results, none of the samples showed B. cereus contamination indicating the antibacterial effects of date, although, this may need further research.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ispacs.com\/journals\/jgmi\/2014\/jgmi-00010\/article.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ispacs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BASHIR MA, AHMAD M, ALTAF F, SHABIR K 2014. Fruit quality and yield of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) as affected by strand thinning. <\/strong>In: The Journal of Animal &amp; Plant Sciences, 24(3): 2014, Page: 951-954<strong>. <\/strong>Link: <a title=\"Kur cultivar of date palm is a high yielder but it has small fruit size. Small fruit sizeof date palm is not popular among the date growers. An experiment was conducted during 2008-10 on plants of date palms (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) cv.&quot;Kur&quot; at Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur (Pakistan) to improve quality fruit parameters of this cultivar by strand thinning. The plants were of 20-year-old, uniform in size, growth and vigour which were kept under normal schedule of cultural practices. Hand pollination was carried out during the 2nd week of March in three seasons using thesame pollen source. Four strand thinning treatments i.e.,T1=control (without thinning), removal ofstrands 10% (T2), 25% (T3) and 50% (T4) were applied by removing the strands randomly from total strands per bunch after 5 weeks from pollination.The experiment was laid out according to RCBD with 3 replications.The leaf bunch ratio was maintained at5:1. Fruit dimension, fruit weight, TSS% and yield per plant improved by all levels of strand thinning as compared tocontrol. Maximum fruit dimension (length x diameter=3.88 x 2.6 cm), fruit weight (13.7 g), TSS (30.33%) and yield (107 kg\/palm) along with minimum stone pulp ratio (10.64%) and fruit drop (17.34%) were recorded by 50% strand thinning, followed by the treatment where 25% strands were removed. Positive correlation existed between fruit yield and fruit weight at 50% strand thinning.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thejaps.org.pk\/docs\/v-24-3\/40.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.thejaps.org.pk\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BELLO C.R.S. 2014. Resultados preliminares de la implantaci\u00f3n de parcelas experimentales para la restauraci\u00f3n de palmerales end\u00e9micos degradados de Phoenix canariensis en Canarias y de Phoenix atlantica en Cabo Verde. <\/strong>In: Gesti\u00f3n y planificaci\u00f3n en los ecosistemas forestales. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. La presente comunicaci\u00f3n se ancla en la necesidad de desarrollar un programa de investigaci\u00f3n y experimentaci\u00f3n forestal que impulse los conocimientos necesarios en todas aquellas \u00e1reas con deficiencias y que incidan en una gesti\u00f3n de los recursos forestales m\u00e1s favorable. Entre los objetivos espec\u00edficos figura el desarrollo de nuevas l\u00edneas de investigaci\u00f3n relacionadas con las t\u00e9cnicas forestales m\u00e1s adecuadas para la recuperaci\u00f3n y mejora de la cubierta vegetal en algunas islas. Con las parcelas experimentales implantadas se persigue el objetivo m\u00faltiple de conocer y aplicar nuevas t\u00e9cnicas de repoblaci\u00f3n en zonas \u00e1ridas, entender el comportamiento de recuperaci\u00f3n de un palmeral natural en condiciones de marcado estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico, evaluar el comportamiento de regeneraci\u00f3n natural de un palmeral silvestre en condiciones desfavorables, as\u00ed como confirmar el efecto beneficioso de las actuaciones llevadas a cabo en las parcelas experimentales. En los archipi\u00e9lagos macaron\u00e9sicos es fundamental tener conocimientos pr\u00e1cticos sobre el comportamiento y posible evoluci\u00f3n de determinadas formaciones vegetales, al objeto de que se puedan reflejar una serie de directrices o recomendaciones ancladas en una base experimental s\u00f3lida. Es indudable que estos conocimientos van a favorecer una mejor gesti\u00f3n de estos h\u00e1bitats, de manera que se incremente su resiliencia ante las previsibles modificaciones ambientales que conlleva el futuro cambio clim\u00e1tico.\" href=\"http:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/descarga\/articulo\/4996687.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dialnet.unirioja.es<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BODIAN A, NACHTIGALL M, FRESE L, EL-HOUMAIZI M A, HASNAOUI A, NDIR K N, SANE D 2014. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars from Morocco Using SSR Markers<\/strong>. In: J Biodivers Biopros Dev 2014, 1:3. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. In Morocco, date palm is the most important arboricultural crop and little is known about its germplasm. Thus, this work aimed at analyzing genetic diversity among 200 date palms sampled from three oases (Figuig, Tata and Zagora) of Morocco using microsatellite markers. Among these palms, 191 were females, belonging to 26 cultivars, and 9 were males. Eighteen primers were used for the analysis of their genetic diversity. Only 15 primers amplified successfully all the samples. The total number of alleles was 116 and the percentage of polymorphic loci was high and ranged between 60 and 100% with an average of 93.33%. The genetic similarity values ranged from 0.146 to 0.745. The molecular variance analysis showed 64% of variability among cultivars. The obtained dendrogram showed three groups and generally, a good structuring of cultivars. However, we noticed one case of homonymy among cultivars. In fact \u201cTadmant\u201d cultivar of Figuig was different from \u201cTadmant\u201d of Tata and Zagora. Males were clustered in two main subgroups.\" href=\"http:\/\/omicsgroup.org\/journals\/genetic-diversity-analysis-of-date-palm-phoenix-dactylifera-l-cultivars-from-morocco-using-ssr-markers-ijbbd.1000126.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/omicsgroup.org\/journals\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BOTTARO A. 2014. La vill\u00e9giature anglaise et l\u2019invention de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur.<\/strong> In: <em>In Situ<\/em> [En ligne], 24\u00a0|\u00a02014. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. La C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur est une invention anglaise \u00e0 bien des \u00e9gards. Elle est d\u2019abord une invention au sens \u00e9tymologique du terme : entre 1760 et 1860, \u00e0 l\u2019instar des mondes extra europ\u00e9ens, le littoral de la Provence orientale et du pays ni\u00e7ois est objet de d\u00e9couverte. Ici c\u2019est le touriste \u00e9tranger, celui du Grand Tour, qui pose son regard sur une nature vierge, celle d\u2019une M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e per\u00e7ue comme \u00e9d\u00e9nique. Vient ensuite l\u2019appropriation par le regard de l\u2019autre, par le biais des repr\u00e9sentations litt\u00e9raires et iconographiques des r\u00e9cits de voyages et des vedute. Enfin, arrive le temps du lancement pour employer l\u2019expression consacr\u00e9e, autrement dit, l\u2019int\u00e9gration des localit\u00e9s dans le circuit des premi\u00e8res stations de la vill\u00e9giature internationale. Elle est avant tout une invention britannique : les voyageurs venus d\u2019outre-Manche ont en effet \u00e9t\u00e9 les cr\u00e9ateurs, les propagateurs et les principaux protagonistes de la seconde partie du xviiie si\u00e8cle au d\u00e9but du xxe si\u00e8cle de la vocation touristique de la Riviera. Les d\u00e9buts de la vill\u00e9giature anglaise de Cannes \u00e0 Menton entre 1760 et 1860 offrent un champ d\u2019\u00e9tude exceptionnel du processus de l\u2019invention touristique par sa pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9 et sa dur\u00e9e mais aussi par la diversit\u00e9 de ses manifestations et de ses cons\u00e9quences. Le littoral compris entre le massif de l\u2019Esterel et les premiers contreforts des Apennins se distingue et s\u2019individualise dans l\u2019esprit des premiers voyageurs comme la porte de l\u2019Italie. La Riviera demeure jusqu\u2019au milieu du xixe si\u00e8cle encore li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019imaginaire du Grand Tour ou du voyage d\u2019Italie. Pourtant, le temps de l\u2019installation pour la vill\u00e9giature d\u2019hiver conna\u00eet ses pr\u00e9misses \u00e0 Nice d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1760. Se constituent ainsi tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t des quartiers anglais de la vill\u00e9giature qui commencent \u00e0 fa\u00e7onner le paysage par l\u2019introduction de modes de construction et un urbanisme nouveaux. Ces premi\u00e8res colonies d\u2019hivernants furent le New Borough au quartier ni\u00e7ois de la Croix de marbre, les quartiers de la Croix des gardes \u00e0 Cannes ou encore de Carnoles ou de Garavan \u00e0 Menton. Constitu\u00e9es en marge des localit\u00e9s et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 locales, leur influence sur celles-ci ne cessera de s\u2019accro\u00eetre par les capitaux financiers qu\u2019elles sont capables de mobiliser et la notori\u00e9t\u00e9 des plus illustres de ses membres. Emergent ainsi les figures de Lord Brougham \u00e0 Cannes et de James Henry Bennett \u00e0 Menton, les inventeurs des nouvelles stations entre 1834 et 1860. La vill\u00e9giature britannique a suscit\u00e9 des transferts culturels et techniques dont les multiples manifestations ont profond\u00e9ment transform\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale et partant, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 traditionnelle. Le mode de vie des hivernants et leur perception des paysages m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens ont donn\u00e9 naissance entre 1780 et 1860 \u00e0 des projets de villas maritimes, de jardins et d\u2019urbanisme originaux. L\u2019introduction des bains de mer sur la Riviera avant 1860 est embl\u00e9matique de ces transferts culturels britanniques. L\u2019originalit\u00e9 de Nice r\u00e9side dans la double influence qui s\u2019y est entrecrois\u00e9e des mod\u00e8les italiens et britanniques des pratiques et des architectures baln\u00e9aires.\" href=\"http:\/\/insitu.revues.org\/pdf\/11060\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">insitu.revues.org<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DIATTA DI. , KANE, A. , AGBANGBA, C. , SAGNA, M. , DIOUF, D., ABERLENC-BERTOSSI, F. , DUVAL, Y. , BORGEL, A., SANE, D. 2014. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves seedlings growth of two sahelian date palm cultivars (<em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em> L., cv. Nakhla hamra and cv. Tijib) under salinity stresses. <\/strong>In: <em>Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology<\/em>, 5, 64-72. doi: 10.4236\/abb.2014.51010. Link: <a title=\"This study presents an analysis of the impact of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth under salt stress of date palms cultivars Nakhla hamra (NHH) and Tijib known in the Sahel for their earliness in flowering and fruiting. The seedlings were grown in a green-house on a sandy substrate watered to field capacity every two days and were subjected to increasing levels of NaCl (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 g\u2219L\u22121) and then inoculated with 5 strains of Glomus (G. aggregatum, G. intraradices, G. verriculosum, G. mosseae, G. fasciculatum). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three factors (cultivars: Tijib and Nakhla Hamra x seven levels of NaCl concentrations x six levels of inoculum). The results showed that in the absence of NaCl, G. verriculosum significantly enhanced shoot growth: 33.5 cm against 30.3 cm in the control and roots growth: 81.5 cm against 78 cm in NHH, while in Tijib, the growth is stimulated by Glomus fasciculatum: 33.8 cm against 32.7 cm for stems and 90 cm against 86 cm for the roots of inoculated plants and controls. In contrast, in the presence of NaCl 8 g\u2219L\u22121, NHH has a better growth in the presence of G. intraradices: 37.3 cm against 30.6 cm for stems and 77 cm against 73 for roots, while Tijib grows better in the presence of G. fasciculatum with respectively 31.9 cm against 31.7 cm and 51.27 cm against 51.6 cm for stems and roots of inoculated plants and controls. Biochemical analysis revealed that changes in levels of proline depend on the cultivar, the mycorrhizal strain used and concentrations of NaCl applied. These results open the prospect of using mycorrhizal fungi to improve the productivity of palm trees in the Sahel.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=42359\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DUJARDIN N. 2014. Un mat\u00e9riau biosourc\u00e9 de choix, les fibres naturelles. <\/strong>In: 25\u00e8mes Journ\u00e9es Scientifiques de l\u2019Environnement, Cr\u00e9teil, 18 f\u00e9vrier 2014. Link: <a title=\"Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s thermophysiques du bois de palmier dattier. Application dans le domaine du b\u00e2timent, remplacement des mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019isolation classique. Conclusion: -Les parties renouvelables du bois de palmier constituent un bon isolant thermique ; -Effet de l\u2019orientation des fibres n\u2019est pas significatif ; -Effet important de la porosit\u00e9\" href=\"http:\/\/www.certes-upec.fr\/pdf\/JSE_2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.certes-upec.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EDDINE KH, ZERIZER S, KABOUCHE Z 2014. Immunostimulatory activity of phoenix dactylifera.<\/strong> In: International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Issue 3, 2014. Link: <a title=\"OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate in vivo the immunostimulatory properties of Phoenix dactylifera \u201cAZARZA variety\u201d. METHODS: The immunostimulant potential of the plant extract of Phoenix dactylifera on the phagocytic activity was measured by the carb on clearance rate test. The anti-oxidant activity was measured by spectrophotometric determination of glu tathione from liver's homogenate. RESULTS: Our results obtained in this study shown t hat the phagocytic and the anti-oxidant activities was increased significantly in animals injected with Phoenix dactylifera \u201cAZARZA\u201d extract at doses (30,50 and 100mg\/kg) P&lt;0,0 5. The clearance rate of carbon was significantly f aster at the concentration of 50 mg\/kg when is compared to the t wo concentrations 30 and 100mg\/kg (P= 0,004) and th e release of the GSH from the liver was significantly higher at the concentration of 50 mg\/ kg when is compared to the two concentrations 30 an d 100mg\/kg (P= 0,003). CONCLUSION: The Phoenix dactylifera extract revealed an immune-stimulatory effect on the reticuloendothelial system and anti-oxidant activity with higher effect by the administration of 50 mg\/kg.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijppsjournal.com\/Vol6Issue3\/8634.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijppsjournal.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EL-BAR OHA, EL-DAWAYATI MM 2014. Histological changes on regeneration in vitro culture of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) leaf explants. <\/strong>In: AJCS 8(6):848-855(2014). Link: <a title=\"Abstract. A tissue culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of some growth regulators and two different ages of in vitro leaves of date palm c.v. sakoty on regeneration process. Leaves were cultured on Murashige and Skoog\u2019s medium (MS) supplemented with each or combined with the following growth regulators 4 mg l - 1 2,4 - D, 40 mg l - 1 NAA, 2 mg l - 1 BA, (2 mg1 - 1 BA+ 40 mg l - 1 NAA), (2mgl - 1 BA+ 4 mg l - 1 2,4 - D) and (2 mg l - 1 BA+40 mg l - 1 NAA+4 mg l - 1 2,4 - D). The results showed that in vitro young leaf explants treated with 2 mg1 - 1 BA was more efficient in inducing direct somatic embryos and subsequent plantlets growth in a short time duration ,i.e.8 - 10 months. However, the other treatments or the old leaves had no response to induce direct somatic embryos. Also, histological examinations were made during the initiation and development of direct somatic embryos. It was revealed that the proembryos originated from pro cambial cells, whereas the mesophyll parenchyma and the epidermal cel ls did not participate in this process. Procambial cells acquired the embryonic competence within 15 days form culturing. The embryonic structures were generated along the vascular strands, which subsequently evolved into somatic embryos. After two months, different developmental stages of somatic embryos were observed, i.e. (pre - globular, globular, early bipolar, bipolar and cotyledonary - shaped). The regenerated embryos were transferred onto both multiplication and rooting media for 8 months to obtained he althy plantlets. Therefore, this protocol provides a simple and rapid way to regenerate date palm via direct embryogenesis. This result obtained herewith was discussed with other results elsewhere which depend on callus formation as an intermediate phase t o obtain somatic embryos indirectly.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cropj.com\/elbar_8_6_2014_848_855.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cropj.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EL-MELEIGI, AL-ROGAIBAH, IBRAHIM, AL-GAMHAN 2014. Role of Antibiosis and production of Indole 3 Acetic acid by bacilli strains in suppression of root pathogens and growth promotion of Alfalfa seedlings<\/strong>. In: Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(6) 685-696. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Many economical crops grownin Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, are subjected to root diseases caused mainly by Chalaraparadoxa, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. Screening and evaluating of natives trains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for control of alfalfa, date palm and potato root pathogens was conducted in this study. 170 rhizobacterial strains were isolated from alfalfa, date palm, potato and wheat roots from five different locations in Qassim region.The isolated rhizobacteria were grouped into 35 distinct strains according to their colony morphological characteristics. Tests were conducted on the antibiosis activities against root pathogens, growth promotion to alfalfa seedlings and production of indole-3-aceticacid.The most effective antagonists to C. paradoxa, F.solaniand R. solaniwere Bacillus amylolique facaciens subsp. plantarum ME3, B.amylolique facaciens subsp. plantarum ME106, B.subtilis ME105, Pseudomonas fluorescence ME1, Bacillus spp. ME209 and Paenibacillus polymyxa ME6. C. paradoxa and R. solani were more sensitive to antibiosis than F. solani. Eleven isolates produced detectable levels of IAA in the growth media. The most active isolates in production of IAA were B. subtilis ME 105, B. amylolique facaciens subsp. Plantarum ME 3,P. polymyxa, and B.amylolique faciens subsp. plantarum ME8 (188-107\u03bcg\/mlmedium). It could be concluded that B. amylolique faciens subsp.plantarum are the most dominant PGPR associated with plant roots in Qassim region. Moreover, screening for promising biocontrol rhizobacteria should consider testing antibiosis, seedling growth promotion as well as secretion of IAA\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijcmas.com\/vol-3-6\/Mohammed%20A.%20El%20Meleigi,%20et%20al.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijcmas.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ELSHEIKH M H, EL-MOTTY E Z A, ELSABAGH A S, YASSIN R 2014. Fruit properties and molecular characterization using ISSR markers of six Libyan date palm cultivars<\/strong>. In: Research Journal o f Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 10 ( 1 ): 47 \u2013 52 , 2014. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Date palm belongs to the family Arecaceae and genus Phoenix which includes 12 species, but the Phoenix dactylifera L. is commonly cultivated species. This species is distributed worldwide especially in arid and semiarid regions. Six different cultivars belong P. dactylifera were collected from Lybia (Saidi, Filfil, Degla, Megrew and Rutab Wadi, Saifi). For fingerprinting and to differentiate between these six cultivars, six ISSR primers were used in this approach. Results revealed that the six different primers are succeeded to differentiate between the examined size palm cultivars. In addition, the number of amplicones amplified per each sample ranged from 10 to 16 bands. The molecular sizes of the amplified bands ranged from 1400bp to 100bp. Most of the amplified bands are monomorphic and the polymorphic bands are observed with considerable numbers. The ISSR classified the six cultivars into two clusters cluster one included cultivars 1, 2, 3 and 4. Moreover, this cluster was divided into two groups, group one contains cultivars 1 and 2 whenever, group 2 contains cultivars 3 and 4. On the other hand, cluster two contains cultivars 5 and 6. The similarity between the examined 6 palm cultivars was 94 to 79 % identities. It could be concluded that ISSR technique able to differentiate between the closely related cultivars belong the same species. According to fruit characteristics, Degla occupies less fruit weight but Saifi occupies less fruit width. Cultivars of Saidi, Filfil, Degla, Megrew and Rutab Wadi are near to each other in morphological characteristics but Saifi is differing from them.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/old\/rjabs\/rjabs\/2014\/47-52.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ENAN M R, AHMED A 2014. DNA barcoding based on plastid mat K and RNA polymerase for assessing the genetic identity of date ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars.<\/strong> In: Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (2): 3527-3536 (2014). Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. The cultivated date palm is the most agriculturally important species of the Arecaceae family. The standard chloroplast DNA barcode for land plants recommended by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life plant working group needs to be evaluated for a wide range of plant species. Therefore, we assessed the potential of the mat K and rpo C1 markers for the authentication of date cultivars. There is not one universal method to authenticate date cultivars. In this study, 11 different date cultivars were sequenced and analyzed for mat K and rpo C1 genes by using bioinformatic tools to establish a cultivar- specific molecular monogram. The chloroplast mat K marker was more informative than the rpo C1 chloroplast DNA markers. Phylogenetic trees were constructed on the basis of the mat K and rpo C1 sequences, and the results suggested that mat K alone or in combination with rpo C1 can be used for determining the levels of genetic variation and for barcoding.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.funpecrp.com.br\/gmr\/year2014\/vol13-2\/pdf\/gmr3406.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.funpecrp.com.br<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GAMMOUDI S, LECOUSTRE R, BEN-SALAH M 2014. Modeling of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Vegetative Aerial Architecture. Example of Two Tunisian Cultivars.<\/strong> In: Journal of Life Sciences, May 2014, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 418-424. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The present study was carried out to verify the statistical relationships between the characteristic parameters in te rms of vegetative aerial architecture of the date palms for simulating realistic 3D models. The vegetal material was composed of two Tunisian varieties of Phoenix dactylifera L., \u201cBarhi\u201d and \u201cRochdi\u201d. The observations are taken place in Gabes and on one pair of palms per main stem and offshoot for each cultivar. The analysis of the characteristic dimensions of the pinnae and rachis allowed the determination of a minimum sample. The geometrical analysis confirmed the existence of a strong correlation between rotation angles and radial angles. The architectural analysis of the two Tunisian cultivars revealed that the distribution of characteristic parameter values of pinnae was the outcome of a regionalized variable along the rachis. This statistical study of relationships between the characteristic parameters in terms of vegetative aerial architecture of the two varieties allows executing a new measurement protocol for computing and simulating realistic 3D models.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.davidpublishing.com\/davidpublishing\/Upfile\/8\/5\/2014\/2014080500320721.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.davidpublishing.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GANGWAR AK, GHOSH AK, SAXENA V 2014. Standardization &amp; antiulcer activity of phoenix dactylifera linn. Leaves<\/strong>. In: World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol 3, Issue 7, 2014. Link: <a title=\"Phoenix dactylifera linn. belonging to family Arecaceae, leaves contain number of chemical constituents, mainly flavonoids. Chloroform extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaves at two doses, viz., 200 and 400 mg \/kg were evaluated by ethanol induced method using Ranitidine (50mg\/kg) as standards. The standard drugs and the test drugs were administered orally for 14 days in ethanol induced method. The results of the present study showed that the chloroform extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaves possessed gastro protective activity as evidenced by its significant inhibition of mean ulcer score and ulcerindex. The present experimental findings suggest that leaves of Phoenix dactylifera may be useful for treating peptic ulcers. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of the bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, anthroquinones, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, steroids and tannins. Pharmacognostical studies such as extractive values, physiochemical parameters and fluorescence analysis brought out the standardized data in the quality control of this drug. Powdered drug analysis after treatment with 10 different reagents emitted various colour radiations under UV and visible light which may provide a lead in identification of the drug in powder form. The study revealed specific identities for Phoenix dactylifera linn. This may play a key role in identification of plant and can be useful in standardization of the herbal drugs.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wjpps.com\/download\/article\/1404209269.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.wjpps.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GHIABA Z., YOUSFI M., HADJADJ M., SAIDI M., DAKMOUCHE M. 2014. Study of Antioxidant Properties of Five Algerian Date (Phoenix dactylifera L) Cultivars by Cyclic Voltammetric Technique.<\/strong> In: Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9 (2014) 909 \u2013 920. Link: <a title=\"Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) is well known for its innumerable health benefits and nutritional values. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the total phenolic content in five date palm fruit (DPF) varieties, Degla Baidha (DB), Deglet Nour (DN), Ghars (Gh), Tamjhourt (Tam), and Tafezauine (Taf), from the Ouargla region (Algeria), extracted with aqueous methanol (80%) and to evaluate in vitro their antioxidative properties by cyclic voltammetry technique (CV) in aprotic media. Consequently, the total polyphenol contents (TPC) of these extracts will be measured using Folin Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. Total phenolic content ranged from 5.9 to 23.05 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE\/100g). Thereafter, the voltammetric response of the electrochemically generated superoxide anion radical in DMF was monitored in the absence and presence of the DPF extracts. The decrease in the current was interpreted in terms of antiradical activity of the added extract. Effective scavenging concentration (IC 50 ) on superoxide anion radical ranged from 33.17-85.23mg\/l, the IC 50values decreased in the order of Taf\uf03eGh\uf03eDB\uf03eTam\uf03eDN. Finally, the use of DPF extracts for protection against oxidative stress has been recommended.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.univ-ouargla.dz\/Documents\/Publications%20Sientifiques\/articale%20GHiaba%20zineb2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.univ-ouargla.dz<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GREBENAR D. 2014. A\u00efr Pr\u00e9histoire. <\/strong>In: Wikimazigh, L\u2019Encyclop\u00e9die amazighe. Source Initiales:Encyclop\u00e9die Berb\u00e8re, Livre III. Link: <a title=\"SOMMAIRE  - Le contexte \u00e9cologique ancien  - Pal\u00e9olithique  - N\u00e9olithique  - N\u00e9olithique ancien  - N\u00e9olithiques moyen et r\u00e9cent  - Age des m\u00e9taux  - Art rupestre\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wikimazigh.com\/wiki\/Encyclopedie-Amazighe\/Encyclo\/Airprehistoire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.wikimazigh.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAIDER M S, KHAN I A, NAQVI S A, JASKANI M J, SHAHID M, EL-GHORAB A 2014. Flesh and Fiber Characterization at Three Different Edible Stages of Date Fruit Development.<\/strong> In: IJFANS. Vol.3, Iss.4,Jul-Sep 2014. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. In the present study the effect of different biochemical attributes on date fruits at their three different edible stages were stu died in Aseel, Dhakki (Pakistan) and Deglet Nour (Algeria) cultivars. The results depicted that total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity (DPPH), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD) and protein decreased gradually from khalal to tamar stage during date frui t development in all selected cultivars . Despite, the amount of glucose (23.89 - 32.31%) and fructose (20.34 - 30.45%) increased significantly during ripening process among examined cultivars. The characterization of fibers of date fruits at three edible stage s by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed lignin (1514 cm - 1 ), amide (1649 cm - 1 ), cellulose - I and cellulose - II (1635 and 1420 cm - 1 ), respectively, whereas, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed crystalline surface morphology of date fruit fibers at last three edible stages. Furthermore, our results revealed that variation in chemical composition and a significant variability in all the characterization techniques were recorded of date fruit fibers during ripening process\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijfans.com\/Volume%203%20Issue%204\/3.%20IJFANS%20A0264-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.ijfans.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAMAD I 2014. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Saudi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit of various cultivars<\/strong>. In: Life Science Journal 2014 ; 11 (10). Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Background: The chemical components and antioxidant capacities of three Saudi date palm fruit (DPF) cultivars, named Al Sagey, Helwat Al Jouf and Al Sour were investigated in this study. Methods: Phenolic and flavonoid profiles of the date cultivars were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC - DAD). Glutathione and ascorbate contents were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC separation, followed by amperometric detection and their redox status were calculated, while antioxidant c apacities were evaluated in vitro using scavenging assays of 1,1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl radical and anti - lipid peroxidation ability. Results &amp; Discussion: The results showed that the tested cultivars possess different antioxidant capacities, and had dif ferent phenolic and flavonoid patterns. Al Sagey cultivar possessed the strongest antioxidant capacities and the highest phenolic contents. AL Sagey and Helwat Al Jouf showed comparable glutathione and ascorbate redox status while Al Sour Glutathione redox status was the least. This study was carried out because any information on the health - promoting components of dates will enhance the knowledge and appreciation for the uses of dates in these health - promoting products.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lifesciencesite.com\/lsj\/life1110\/188_27097life111014_1268_1271.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.lifesciencesite.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAMZA A. M., COLLINS A., ADO S. G., IKUENOBE C. E., ATAGA C. D., ODEWALE J. O. 2014. Proximate Compositions Evaluation and Variability among Cultivars of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Nigeria. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Plant &amp; Soil Science 3(3). Link: <a title=\"Genetic variability among the fruits of 22 date palm cultivars was studied using nutritional characters to enable us classify the available germplasm into distinct groups on the basis of their genetic diversity using their nutritional characteristics from proximate composition. The main date palm-growing areas of Nigeria were surveyed in 2011 with the objective of characterizing cultivars as to the quality and economic value of their fruits. Descriptive statistics and some multivariate analysis techniques were used to classify the 22 date palm cultivars. The genotypes based on studied traits were grouped into three clusters. Discriminant function analysis was used to confirm the accuracy of grouping that was produced by cluster analysis. Sugar and crude protein content were identified as important traits that could be used to differentiate the genotypes as revealed by both principal component and discriminant analysis. Genetic distance between Daushenga 1 and Saberari 2 exhibited the greatest dissimilarity followed by Daushenga 1 and Hausawa. Hence the use of these parents for hybridization should be given greater emphasis for the production of transgressive segregants with high nutritional potential. The level of variability observed suggested a high diversity among the cultivars. The result of the principal component analysis indicated that the contribution of the first three factors with Eigen value greater than one accounted for 73.03% of the total variation. The moderately high ash content shows that date palm fruit can effectively serve as a source of inorganic minerals and good adsorbent in the removal of metallic ions, odour, colours and other particulate matter from aqueous medium of water and waste water thus making date palm fruit an effective material precursor in water and waste water treatment among other uses. The high soluble carbohydrate content indeed gives an indication that it compares favourably with other fast energy giving food stuffs and thus it can be added to some food content as an additive .This work identified the existence of inherent variability in the local germplasm collections, and the traits that could be used to exploit the observed variability, eliciting important relationships among the traits in the process.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedomain.org\/download.php?f=Hamza332013IJPSS6973.pdf&amp;aid=2963\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.sciencedomain.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HERCHI W, KALLEL H, BOUKHCHINA S 2014. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Tunisian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) oil as affected by different extraction methods<\/strong>. In: Food Science and Technologyl, Campinas, 34(3): 464-470, July-Sept. 2014. Link: <a title=\" Abstract The chemical analysis of flesh and seed of date palm fruit (Kentichi) was evaluated. Carbohydrates were the predominant component in all studied date cultivars (~78.69-83.46 g\/100g dry matter), followed by moisture content (~9.23-11.17%), along with moderate amount of fat (~0.56-7.10 g\/100g dry matter), protein (~2.16-2.80 g\/100g dry matter), and ash (~1.18-1.64 g\/100 g dry matter). Some antioxidants (Ascorbic acid, total phenolic, total flavonoid, chlorophyll and carotenoids) were found in different values in both date fruit and seed. The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of both flesh and seed oil which was extracted using Hexane, Soxhlet and Modified Bligh\u2013Dyer extraction methods were determined. The experimental results showed that temperature, different solvents and extraction time had significant effect on the yield of the date palm oil and physicochemical properties. Date Flesh oil showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards 1-1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/cta\/v34n3\/aop_cta_6360.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.scielo.br<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HOSSEINI S.E., MEHRABANI D., RAZAVI F. 2014. Effect of Palm Pollen Extract on Sexual Hormone Levels and Follicle Numbers in Adult Female BALB-c mice.<\/strong> In: Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2014; 20(3):139-143. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Aims Using chemical drugs to treat disease often is associated with side effects. Recently, using herbal medicines, which have fewer side effects, has flourished to treat many diseases, including infertility. This study was done aimed to investigate the effect of palm pollen aqueous extract on sexual hormones and follicle cells numbers in adult female BALB\/c mice. Materials &amp; Methods This experimental study was done in animal house of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2012. 40 adult female BALB\/c mice were divided into 5 control, sham and experimental groups receiving 100, 200 and 400mg\/kg of the body weight of the extract groups each with 8 members. Levels of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay and ovarian follicles numbers were counted after separation of the ovaries and sectioning and staining using Hematoxylin &amp; Eosin by light microscopy. The results of hormonal assays were analyzed based on One-way ANOVA and Duncan\u2019s multiple range tests using SPSS 18 software. Findings A significant increase was observed at the level of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone compared to the control group only in the experimental group 3 (receiving 400mg\/kg palm pollen extract) (p&lt;0.01). Also, only in the experimental group 3 a significant increase was observed in the number of secondary follicles (p&lt;0.05) and the number of antral follicles (p&lt;0.01) compared to the control. Conclusion 400mg\/kg palm pollen aqueous extract increases the amount of sexual hormones and secondary and antral follicle numbers in adult female mice.\" href=\"http:\/\/ofoghedanesh.gmu.ac.ir\/files\/site1\/user_files_d7ae4d\/eng\/ebrahim0hossini-A-10-1428-5-90ae03b.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ofoghedanesh.gmu.ac.ir<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HUSSAIN I, AHMAD S, AMJAD M, AHMED R 2014. Effect of Modified Sun Drying Techniques on Fruit Quality Characters of Dates Harvested at Rutab Stage<\/strong>. In: J. Agric. Res., 2014, 52(3), 415-423. Link: <a title=\" ABSTRACT A study was conducted at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2012 to optimize the best sun drying technique for improving the quality of processed dates (cv. Hillawi) . The fruits were collected at rutab\/dong stage from 15 - 25 years old plants and subjected to various sun drying techniques for 6 to 8 days depending upon daily weather conditions. Physicochemical changes related to quality were analyzed and found that the fruits dried under direct sun light during the day time, removed and covered during night showed higher moisture (24.13%) , minimum weight loss (18.73%) , higher TSS (11.09 o Brix) , total sugar (69.39% ) and highe r reducing sugar ( 51.47% ) with lower acidity ( 0.130% ) in fruits when reached at tamr stage (dried). Higher phytonutrients such as total phenolics (224.28 mg GAE\/100 g), total flavonoids (34. 31 mg CEQ\/100 g) and total antioxidants (72.20% DPPH inhibition) with lower tannins (0.143%) were also found in these fruits. It is concluded that good quality dried dates can be prepared successfully by adopting the modification in conventional sun drying technique that could improve the economic status of farmers.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jar.com.pk\/upload\/1414328568_114_11._4335_composed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.jar.com.pk<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>IFTIKHAR et alii 2014. Evaluation of spermatogenesis in prepubertal albino rats with date palm pollen supplement. <\/strong>In: African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Vol.8(2), pp.59-65, January 2014. Link: <a title=\"It is suggested that Date Palm Pollen (DPP) increases the concentration of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone in rats. We therefore planned this study to examine the effect of DPP on spermatogenesis using prepubertal rats. 4-day old rats were randomly divided into four groups of 12 pups each (Control I, Experimental I, Control II, and Experimental II). Experimental groups I and II were given DPP suspension in a single oral dose of 120 mg\/kg daily for 18 and 35 days, respectively. Pups were sacrificed on days 22 and 39 post-natally. Testes were removed for microscopic studies, and spermatogenesis was assessed by a method which depended upon scoring \u2018cross sectional\u2019 profiles of seminiferous tubules according to Johnsen\u2019s criterion. There was no statistically significant difference in Control and Experimental groups I. However Pups of the treated group II, who received DPP for 35 days, showed statistically significant increase in seminiferous tubules containing spermatozoa, resulting in a higher Johnsen Score (Control group II: 6.28 \u00b1 0.21, Experimental group II: 8.06 \u00b1 1.21). This implied that spermatogenesis was present at an advanced stage in the Experimental group as compared to the Control group of animals.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/article\/article1390989459_Iftikhar%20et%20al.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ISLAM S., RAHMAN M.M., ALAM M.H., UDDIN S.J., BELLAH F, MURSHID M.M. 2014. Anthelmintic and cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of Phoenix sylvestris root.<\/strong> In: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2014; 2(8): 725-728. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. The present study examined the anthelmintic and cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic crude root extract of Phoenix sylvestris Roxb (family: arecaceae). In anthelmintic test, the extract showed significant and dose dependent (25, 50, 100, 200 mg\/mL) decrease in paralysis time and death time of Haemonchus contortus (Nematode). However, the crude extract showed low toxicity (IC 50 58.745 \u03bcg\/ml) against brine shrimp nauplii in comparion with vincristine sulphate (IC 50 0.6449 \u03bcg\/ml). The results support the traditional medicinal uses of P. sylvestris agains worm infections.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Md_Mustafizur_Rahman\/publication\/265847131_Anthelmintic_and_cytotoxic_activity_of_the_ethanolic_extract_of_Phoenix_sylvestris_root\/links\/541dc6490cf2218008d1d67f.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">researchgate.net<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ISMAIL O.M. 2014. In Vitro Germination of Date Palm Pollen Grains Affected By Different Sugar Types. <\/strong>In: Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and ChemicalSciences. Link\u00a0: <a title=\"This study clarified the effect of the sugar types on in vitro germination of some date palm cultivars. Three date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen grains cultivars (\u2018Barhee\u2019, \u2018Amhat\u2019 and \u2018Hayani\u2019) germinated in vitro on growth media were contained five types of sugars (fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose and sucrose). The results cleared that, the favorite sugar type of pollen germination (PG) medium of \u2018Hayani\u2019 and \u2018Amhat\u2019 was lactose medium 52.16% and 29.71 % respectively while \u2018Barhee\u2019 was sucrose medium 47.52%. The pollen germination of the sugar type was the highest mean on lactose 36.65 %, sucrose 35.83% and maltose media 33.87% insignificantly differences. The mean of pollen tube length ranged from 70.70 to 250.8 \u03bcm, on glucose and sucrose media respectively. Pollen tube length of \u2018Hayani\u2019 was higher than \u2018Barhee\u2019 and \u2018Amhat\u2019 177.7, 151.8 and 151.2 \u03bcm, respectively, whereas PG% and Pollen tube length were the lowest on glucose media of all three cultivars. In vitro Pollen germination percentage and pollen growth were affected by the sugar type and the different cultivars.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rjpbcs.com\/pdf\/2014_5%281%29\/%5B96%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.rjpbcs.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>JAHROMI A A 2014. Report of the survey studied on somaclonal variations in in-vitro propagated date palm plants<\/strong>. In: Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231-6345. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. In Vitro production using either the process of somatic embryo genesis or organogenesis has been established in resent years as a routine procedure in several commercial laboratories to produce large numbers of date palm plants at a competitive cost. The date palm micro propagation process, like other large-scale commercial plant production processes, carries number risks. Off type, i.e. non true to type and genetically not identical to the mother plant, may be among the resulting plants. This report was a survey studied in date palm orchard containing 2000 plants of two cultivars (Piarom and Mejdhool) of five years old of In Vitro propagated date palm plants. Various somaclonal variations have been appeared. Different growth rate and differences in plant shape were appeared at high level in two cultivars. Dwarfism, morphological abnormality, chlorosis in one side of leaf, growth point bending, leaves rotating, leaflet chlorophyll losses (albinism or variegation), abnormality of growth point, leaf malformation, death of terminal growth point (hypoxanthic palm), high vigorous plants and plants with poor establishment were observed in two cultivars.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cibtech.org\/sp.ed\/jls\/2014\/03\/JLS-014-S3-023-ABOUTALEBI-REPORT-PLANTS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.cibtech.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>JASSIM S. A. A., LIMOGES R. G. 2014. Date Palm Tree\u2019s Defense Mechanisms from Viral Infection and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. <\/strong>In: Advances in Microbiology, 2014, 4, 1-5. Link: <a title=\"A comprehensive review of scientific literature has uncovered no reported cases of date palm trees infected by a virus and no viral infections have been reported by farmers. In spite of the hot and humid environment they in- habit, the abundance of viral infestations in the soil, other plants and organisms surrounding the trees and the frequency of importation and transplantation of these trees into the region. Such conditions should cause the date palms to also be infected. Notably, other palm trees do not exhibit the same level of innate viral immunity that is found in date palms. The date palm tree\u2019s innate viral immunity is a virgin area in botanical research. The biological segment in date palm tree DNA that enables survival under genotoxic radiation also deserves fur- ther investigation. This field of study may enable the breeding of other economically important plants to improve desert ecology and economy, land management, agriculture and horticulture.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=41603\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.scirp.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>JOSEPH OO, BABATUNDE OA, AYOKUNLE O. 2014. Phoenix dactylifera conferred neuroprotection against lead acetate induced neuronal damage on the occipital cortex of Wistar rats. <\/strong>In: RMJ. 2014; 39(1): 78-80. Link: <a title=\"OBJECTIVE: Phoenix dactylifera and its medicinal benefits have been reported widely. It is also well established that chronic exposure to lead (Pb2+) alters a variety of neuronal and behavioral tasks in rats and mice. As one of the ubiquitously polluting heavy metals in ecosystem and modern industry, lead may enter human body via many routes including airway, water and food. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of aqueous extract of phoenix dactylifera on the microarchitecture of the occipital cortex of wistar rats against lead acetate induced neuronal degeneration. METHOD: Fifteen (15) F1 adult male wistar rats with an average weight of 220g were randomly assigned into groups A, B and C, each with five (5) animals. Aqueous extract of phoenix dactylifera was prepared and the stock solution was mixed with phosphate buffered saline which served as the vehicle of oral administration. Animals in group A received 350g\/kg\/BDW per day of phoenix dactylifera extract for 8 days, animals in group B received only 800mg\/kg\/BDW of lead acetate daily for three (3) days. Group C received 800mg\/kg\/BDW of lead acetate, then 350mg\/kg\/BDW aqueous extract of phoenix dactylifera simultaneously for 8 days. After sacrifice, the brains of the animal subjects were removed; the occipital cortices were then excised carefully and processed for histological examination (Hematoxylin and Eosin). RESULTS: Histological observation and analysis showed clearly that oral administration of 800mg\/kg\/BDW of lead acetate induced neuronal degeneration. However, neuronal and cellular degeneration are prevented by the simultaneous-counter administration of 350mg\/kg\/BDW of aqueous extract of phoenix dactylifera. CONCLUSION: From this study, aqueous extract of phoenix dactlifera conferred neuroprotective measures against lead acetate induced degeneration and should be screened further for possible use against neurodegenerative diseases in humans.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scopemed.org\/fulltextpdf.php?mno=41148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.scopemed.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KAMALI H, MAJIDI M, AKRAMI M A 2014. Two new eriophyoid mite species (Acari, Prostigmata, Eriophyidae) on date trees from Iran. <\/strong>In: Persian Journal of Acarology, Vol.3, No.4,pp.321\u2013329. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Two new eriophyoid species belonging to subfamily Phyllocoptinae, namely Tegonotus larii sp. nov. and Tetra iranica sp. nov. from Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecaceae) in Lar city, Fars Province, southern Iran, are described and illustrated. Detailed morphological characteristics are given based on adult females. Both new species described herein are vagrants on their host plants. No symptoms were observed.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acarology.ir\/Kamali%20et%20al.%20Vol.%203%20No.%204%202014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.acarology.ir<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KAVAND A, SHURAKI Y D, EBADI A, ABDOSI V 2014. Optimizing culture medium for in vitro germination of date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen.<\/strong> In: European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014, 4(3 ):665-669. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Medium composition is a major factor affecting in vitro germination of pollen. This experiment was conducted to determine the best culture medium composition and time of pollen germination in two male palm pollinizers derived from sexual propagation of cultivars, Shahani Jahrom and Zahedi. We tested various combinations of calcium nitrate (100, 150 and 200 mg L -1), potassium nitrate (100 and 150 mg L -1) with sucrose (10%), magnesium sulphate (200 mg L -1 ), boric acid (50 mg L -1) and agar (1% w\/v) on the basis of Brewbaker and Kwack's medium. After culture, the pollen cultures are incubated for up to 30 h at 28 \u00b0 C. At 12, 18, 24 and 30 h after culture initiation, the number of germinated pollens were recorded. The maximum pollen germination of Zahedi pollinaizer (71.8 2%), was shown in SBMC2K2 medium (10% sucrose, 50 mg L -1 boric acid, 200 mg L -1 magnesium sulfate, 150 mg L -1 calcium nitrate and 150 mg L -1 potassium nitrate) 30 h after incubation. Although this medium was suitable for cv. Shahani Jahrom pollinizer, it showed that the highest pollen germination in SBMC2K1 medium (10% sucros e, 50 mg L -1 boric acid, 200 mg L -1 magnesium sulfate, 200 mg L -1 calcium nitrate and 150 mg L -1 potassium nitrate). So a variety of media with germination rate higher than 80% could be used for this cultivar. As results we can say that, Shahani Jahrom pollinizer is not so sensitive to calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate concentrations. Finally each pollinizer needs special medium for pollen germination.\" href=\"http:\/\/pelagiaresearchlibrary.com\/european-journal-of-experimental-biology\/vol4-iss3\/EJEB-2014-4-3-665-669.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pelagiaresearchlibrary.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KCHAOU W., ABBES F, ATTIA H, BESBES S. 2014. In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Three Selected Dates from Tunisia (Phoenix dactylifera L.).<\/strong> In: Journal of Chemistry, Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 367681, 8 pages. Link: <a title=\"Second-grade dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.), with hard texture, from three selected Tunisian cultivars (Allig, Deglet Nour, and Bejo) were analysed from their antioxidant activities using DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP assay, H2O2 scavenging activity, and metal chelating activity. Date extracts showed strong and concentration-dependant activity in all tested methods. The results showed that the best antioxidant activity was obtained in Allig, followed by Bejo and Deglet Nour. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, carotenoids, and tannins were determined spectrophotometrically in three date extracts. Results indicated that date contained significantly different amounts of these compounds. In fact, Allig presented the highest antioxidant compounds, followed by Bejo and Deglet Nour. Correlation analyses indicated a positive linear relationship between antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid content of date. This study demonstrates the potential antioxidant activity with Tunisian date, where we can use these natural extracts as food additives in replacement of synthetic compounds.\" href=\"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jchem\/2014\/367681.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">downloads.hindawi.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KRISHNAMURTHY R, ANIMASAUN D A, INGALHALLI R S, RAMANI N D 2014. A Preliminary Attempt of Ethanol Production from Fig (Ficus carica) and Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Fruits using Saccharomyces cerevisiaes.<\/strong> In: Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 2 (2): 174-180 (2014). Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Research for new, cheap and abundant agro-raw mater ial for ethanol production remains a contemporary issue in the quest for safe and renewa ble energy globally, particularly with reference to bio-fuel production. This study evaluates the poten tials of Ficus carica (Fig) and Phoenix dactylifera (Date palm) fruits as possible alternative raw mate rials to food grains for ethanol production. Fig and date palm fruit pulps were fermented in flask on a rotary shaker using Saccharomyces cersvisiaes (NCIM . 3288) obtained from National Collection of Industri al Microorganisms (NCIM) Pune, India. pH and Ethanol yield of the reacting media were determined every 24 hr till 120 hr. At 120 hr, distillation o f ethanol from the pulp syrups was carried out at two temperature regimes (80-88, 78-82 o C) and the distilled ethanol purified by sodium hydroxide reac tion (NaOH). The results showed that pH decreases a s fermentation time increase and ethanol yield increa sed with increase in fermentation time till 96 hr w hen optimal yield was attained and subsequently decrease in ethanol yield beyond 96 hr to 120 hr. Both ethanol quantity determination by fermentation (0.9 5w\/v for fig and 1.23w\/v for Date fruits) and distillation (8.76% for fig and 10.64% for date fru its) revealed that date fruit yielded more ethanol than fig fruit fermented syrup. However, ethanol obtained and purified from the fruit pulps showed that fig fruit produced purer ethanol than date pulp. The study concluded that both fig and date fruits could be utilised as potential alternative raw material to food grains for bioethanol production.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijpab.com\/form\/2014%20Volume%202,%20issue%202\/IJPAB-2014-2-2-174-180.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.ijpab.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KHIERALLAH H S M, AL-SAMMARRAIE S K I, MOHAMMED H I 2014. Molecular Characterization Of Some Iraqi Date Palm Cultivars Using Rapd And Issr Markers.<\/strong> In: Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 2014, 4(9): 490-503. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important fruit tree in Iraq. Assessment of genetic relationships among date palm cultivars is of major importance for characterization of date palm germplasm, breeding programs, and conservation purposes. Genetic polymorphism in 17 well known date palm cultivars in Iraqi representing ten female and seven male cultivars was assessed using 30 RAPD universal primers and 12 ISSR primers. Results revealed that 86 polymorphic bands were detected by RAPD analysis while 85 bands were observed when ISSRs we re used. Correlation fit with a 0.87 r matrix correlation value was observed between RAPD and ISSR data. Therefore, a combined data analysis of both markers was done to assess phylogenetic relationships among cultivars. A total of 2530 scorable bands were generated from both RAPD and ISSR primers with an average of 72.29 fragments per primer. RAPD and ISSR primers were annealed with 240 loci across all cultivar genomes with an average of 6.86 loci per primer. Among these loci scored, 171 loci (71.25%) were polymorphic for at least one of the cultivars with an average of 4.89 polymorphic bands per primer. Genetic distances were estimated using Jaccard\u2019s genetic similarity index and were ranged from 0.422 between the two males 'Risasy' and 'Ghanami Akhhder' t o 0.789 between 'Hilawi' and 'Ghanami Ahmer' according to ISSR markers. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean UPGMA ordered date palm cultivars into two main clusters independently of their origin and sex. Moreover, all primer combinations contributed to the discrimination of date palm cultivars, suggesting the efficiency of RAPD and ISSR methods in assessing genetic diversity in Iraqi date palm germplasm.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/file\/jasr-2014-4%289%29-490-503.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.iraqi-datepalms.net<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KURUP S S, ALY M A M, LEKSHMI G, TAWFIK N H 2014. Rapid in vitro regeneration of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Kheneizi using tender leaf explant.<\/strong> In Emir. J. Food Agric. 2014. 26 (6): 539-544. Link: <a title=\"Somatic embryogenesis has been accomplished from tender leaf base explant of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Three to five mm long tender leaf base explants derived from the meristamatic region of 2-3 year old offshoots of date palm cv. Kheneizi were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 10, 50, 100 and 150 mg l-12,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and incubated in dark for 6 weeks to initiate callus. Callogenesis was obtained in all 2,4-D concentrations tested; however, callus growth was most significant in media supplemented with 100 mg l-12,4-D. The leaf explants with callus were transferred to hormone-free MS medium for 4 weeks and then further sub-cultured to a medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1\u03b1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.25 mg l-16-benzyl amino purine (BAP) which was effective in inducing shoot and root primordia within 10 weeks. In another 12 weeks, two more sub-culturing of shoot clumps in the same medium resulted in the development of shoot with roots and gave whole plants by 8 weeks. The plantlets were hardened and acclimatized to the ambient conditions and planted in pots, containing 1:1:1 peat, sand and dehydrated cow manure, which resulted in over 60% ex vitro plant survival. Early plant regeneration was achieved by this technique.\" href=\"http:\/\/ejfa.info\/index.php\/ejfa\/article\/viewFile\/18051\/9212\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ejfa.info<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LAL G, DAYAL H 2014. Effect of modified atmosphere and KMnO4 on the post-harvest behaviour of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits cv. Shamran under different storage conditions<\/strong>. In: Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.4(3), pp. 133-137 March, 2014. Link: <a title=\"Fruits of date palm cultivar\u2018Shamran\u2019 at colour turning stage of maturity were subjected to different treatments to study the storag ebehaviour under ambient conditions and refrigerated conditions up to15 days. Results indicated that physiological loss in weight (PLW), spoilage and total soluble solids (TSS) of fruits enhanced during storage irrespective of the treatments. Consequently the sensory quality score of fruits under experimentation was decreased. Negligible spoilage was recorded in the fruits stored under refrigerated conditions and remains acceptable up to end of LT storage and was superior over the fruits stored at ambient conditions. Similarly the shelf-life and quality of fruits packed in sealed and 2.5 % perforated polythene bags with KMnO4 treatmentwere significantly higher than that of control fruits. Minimum PLW (5.2), spoilage (4.1%) and TSS (43.6%) with highest organoleptic score (6.7 out of 10) were recorded on 15th of storage in the fruits treated with 5 % KMnO4 packed in sealed polythene bags and stored under refrigerated storage conditions\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scholarly-journals.com\/sjas\/archive\/2014\/March\/pdf\/Lal%20and%20Dayal.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.scholarly-journals.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LAMYA AA, RAJA IR, ROSLAN AR, ZAWAXI I 2014. Comparison of Acoustic Characteristics of Date Palm Fibre and Oil Palm Fibre. <\/strong>In: Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7(8): 1656-1661, 2014. Link: <a title=\"This study investigated and compared the acoustic characteristics of two natural organic fibres: date palm fibre and oil palm fibre, these materials eligible for acoustical absorption. During the processing stage, both fibre sheets are treated with latex. The two fibres are compressed after latex treatment Circular samples (100 mm in diameter and 28 mm, based on the measurement tube requirements) are cut out of the sheets.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.maxwellsci.com\/print\/rjaset\/v7-1656-1661.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.maxwellsci.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LAOUINI SE, LADJEL S, GHERRAF N, OUAHRANI MR, MOKNI S 2014. Scavenging Effect, Anti-Inflammatory and Diabetes Related Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Leaves Extract from Selected Varieties of Phoenix dactylifera L<\/strong>. In: International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2014; 6(1);66-73. Link: <a title=\"In this study we investigate the antioxidant, anti - inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities of ethanolic leaves extracts of three selected varieties of Phoeni x dactylifera L. namely: \u201cGhars\u201d, \u201cDeglet Nour\u201d and \u201cHamraya\u201d. The assessment of the antioxidant potential of crude leaves extracts , using superoxide anions inhibition, DPPH and total antioxidant activity essays, was carried out . Furthermore , the anti - inflammatory properties of the extracts were determined by measuring the inhibition of n itric oxide (NO) production. Moreover , the antidiabetic effect was evaluated by inhibition of \u03b1 - amylase and \u03b1 - glucosidase enzymes . The total phenolic content measured by Folin - ciocalteu method was as well conducted . The raw leaves extract s of the selected varieties was found to contain a high content of total phenolic con tent (342.45 mg GAE\/ gDW for GE ) and therefore exhibited a higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of radicals scaveng ing activity against DPPH and superoxide anion (IC50=7.44 \u03bcg \/ mL and 39.11 \u03bcg\/mL respectively). The t hree varieties exhibited sig nificant anti - inflammatory effects using in - vitro inhibition of NO (IC50=240.28 \u03bcg\/mL for GE) . The extracts also displayed high inhibit ion actions against \u03b1 - amylase. The results suggest that the leaves of the th ree selected varieties of Phoeni x dactylifera L can be considered as a good source of natural antioxidant and anti - inflammation drugs as well as potent antidiabetic medicine.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijppr.com\/PDF%20all%20edtions%20IJPPR\/Vol6\/Issue1\/IJPPR,Vol6,Issue1,Article11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hwww.ijppr.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LEMINE FMM, SAMB A, BOUNA ZEAO, AHMED MVOM, DJEH TKO, BOUKHARY AOMSO 2014. Assessment of physicochemical diversity in fruit of Mauritanian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars<\/strong>. In: Afr. J. Agric. Res., Vol. 9(28), pp. 2167-2176, 10 July, 2014. 2014. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Date palm is an important food and economical crop in Mauritania. Date palm cultivars show great diversity in fruit morphological characteristics in the \u2018Adrar\u2019 region of Mauritania. Fruits of twenty-eight date palm cultivars were collected at Tamar stage, from three different oasis of the \u2018Adrar\u2019 region in 2010 and 2011 and their physical and chemical diversity was assessed by using different data analysis techniques. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences between cultivars for the 13 examined characters indicating the high diversity in the physicochemical properties of their fruit. Duncan\u2019s multiple range test allowed clustering of cultivars into different groups depending on the parameters. Principal component analysis and cluster dendrogram performed on the basis of studied parameters showed a distribution of date palm cultivars independently of their oasis origin and a continuous variation in their fruit physical and chemical traits. Date varieties under \u2018Ahmar\u2019 denomination showed diverse fruit properties. Characters that can discriminate the best cultivars were fruit water content, reducing sugars, total sugars, non-reducing sugars, ashes, calcium and magnesium contents. Results also give evidence of the existence of common date varieties such as \u2018Sekanni\u2019, \u2018Bouseker\u2019, \u2018Sembahmoud\u2019, \u2018Tenwazidi\u2019 and \u2018Sel medina\u2019 with fruit properties matching or even higher than the elite cultivar \u2018Ahmar\u2019. The possible use of date palm fruits characteristics either in the description of local date palm germplasm or the valorisation of common date varieties are discussed.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/article\/article1405080039_Lemine%20et%20al.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">academicjournals.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MALLHI TH, QADIR MI, ALI M, AHMAD B, KHAN YH, REHMAN AU 2014. Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera). An Emerging Plant in Pharmacological Research.<\/strong> In: Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.27, No.3, May 2014, pp.607-616. Link: <a title=\"Date Fruits are consumed in Arab areas for a long time as a part of essential diet. Phoenix dactylifera belongs to family Arecaceae and its leaves, barks, pits, fruits and pollens have anticancer, anti oxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antiulcertavie, anti-infl ammatory, antiproliferative, antimutagenic, antidiarheal, antibacterial, antifungal and antiv iral potential. Besides these, Dates also in crease level of estrogen, testosterone, RBCs, Hb, PCV, reticulocytes and platelet counts. It can also cure lead induced heamotoxicity, side effects of methylprednisolon, male and female infertility. It has also cerebroprotective, neuroprotec tive and haemopoietic activity. Phoenix dactylifera can be used for number of complications if furthe r evaluated and isolated. The present paper is an overview of pharmacological properties of Phoenix dactylifera reported in literature.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pjps.pk\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdfs\/27\/3\/Paper-30.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.pjps.pk<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MATHEW LS, SPANNAGL M, AL-MALKI A, GEORGE B, TORRES MF, AL-DOUS EK, AL-AZWANI EK, HUSSEIN E, MATHEW S, MAYER KFX, MOHAMOUD Y, SUHRE K, MALEK JA 2014. A first genetic map of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) reveals long-range genome structure conservation in the palms.<\/strong> In: Genomics 2014, 15:285. Link: <a title=\"BACKGROUND: The date palm is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees. It is critical in many ways to cultures in arid lands by providing highly nutritious fruit while surviving extreme heat and environmental conditions. Despite its importance from antiquity, few genetic resources are available for improving the productivity and development of the dioecious date palm. To date there has been no genetic map and no sex chromosome has been identified. RESULTS: Here we present the first genetic map for date palm and identify the putative date palm sex chromosome. We placed ~4000 markers on the map using nearly 1200 framework markers spanning a total of 1293 cM. We have integrated the genetic map, derived from the Khalas cultivar, with the draft genome and placed up to 19% of the draft genome sequence scaffolds onto linkage groups for the first time. This analysis revealed approximately ~1.9 cM\/Mb on the map. Comparison of the date palm linkage groups revealed significant long-range synteny to oil palm. Analysis of the date palm sex-determination region suggests it is telomeric on linkage group 12 and recombination is not suppressed in the full chromosome. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a modified gentoyping-by-sequencing approach we have overcome challenges due to lack of genetic resources and provide the first genetic map for date palm. Combined with the recent draft genome sequence of the same cultivar, this resource offers a critical new tool for date palm biotechnology, palm comparative genomics and a better understanding of sex chromosome development in the palms.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/content\/pdf\/1471-2164-15-285.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">biomedcentral.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MIRBAHAR et alii 2014. DNA extraction and optimization from fibrous leaves of some date palm cultivars from Pakistan.<\/strong> In: FUUAST J. BIOL., 4(2): 119-122. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Pure DNA is first and foremost requirement for PCR amplification and DNA fingerprinting analysis of plant species. Leaves of date palm are hard, fibrous and difficult to grind. An attempt was made to isolate the high molecular weight DNA from fibrous unopened pale yellow leaves of ten date palm cultivars. The leaf samples were collected from orchards of Khairpur district. DNA was extracted with CTAB method using liquid nitrogen and supernatant was kept for an overnight for precipitation of DNA at 4 0 C. Quantification of extracted DNA was checked with spectrophotometer and on 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA was further diluted for 10ng\/\u00b5L and optimized for RAPD-PCR amplification.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fuuastjb.org\/images\/pdfs\/8issueallpaperspdf\/1-826%20%28119-122%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fuuastjb.org<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MISE SR, GURANI KB<\/strong> <strong>2014<\/strong><strong>. Fluoride Removal from Water Using Activated Carbon Derived From Phoenix Dactylifera (Date Plam) Seeds. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Ethics in Engineering &amp; Management Education, Volume 1, Issue 4, April 2014 (173-176). Link: <a title=\"The removal of Fluoride from synthetic sample by adsorption on chemical activated carbon (NaCl) prep ared from Phoenix Dactylifera (Date Plam) seeds have been car ried out at room temperature 32 \u00b1 1 o C. Batch tests were conducted for the removal of Fluoride on chemically activated carbon with Impregnation ratio\u2019s (I.R) 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 for optimum time, optimum dosage and optimum pH. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at an I.R. ratio of 0.75. Th e optimum contact time, adsorbent dose and pH for carbon with I.R-0.75 was 45min, 160mg and 7.00 respectively, with fluori de removal efficiency of 85%, 87.0% and 88.5% respectively has been observed.\" href=\"http:\/\/ijeee.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/ncst235.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ijeee.in<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MRABET A, RODRIGUEZ-GUTIERREZ G, GUILLEN-BEJARANO R , RODRIGUEZ-ARCOS R, FERCHICHI A , SINDIC M , JIMENEZ-ARAUJO A 2014. Valorization of Tunisian secondary date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by hydrothermal treatments. New fiber concentrates with antioxidant properties.<\/strong> In: LWT \u2013 Food Science and Technology 60 (2015) 518e524. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Two hydrothermal treatments were assayed on secondary date varieties from the Tunisian coastal oasis in order to obtain valuable solid extracts, rich in dietary fi ber and antioxidants. The steam explosion treatment (SET) is based on high temperatures and pressures, with an explosive decompression. The steam treatment (ST), without rapid decompression, has lower pressures and temperatures, but longer treatments than SET. The recovery of the fiber concentrates (FCs) was very similar for the different assayed conditions. Only its granulometry showed differences, increasing the fraction with size lower than 4 mm in more intense treatments. Treatment conditions had higher influence than date variety in the FCs chemical composition. It was approximately 0.1 e 2% soluble sugar, 0.7 e 2% uronic acids, 4 e 8% phenols, 5 e 11% fat, 5 e 22% non-cellulosic sugars, 9 e 14% protein, 12 e 20% cellulose, and 44 e 71% lignin, depending on treatment conditions. They had also very high antiradical activity (230 e 580 mmols Trolox\/ Kg FC). The use of ST reactor is highly recommended because it could be easily scaled up to the industry. The FC obtained by hydrothermal treatments from date fruits could be considered as a very interesting ingredient for healthier food, especially for bakery or dairy products due to its pleasant chocolate\/coffee flavor.\" href=\"http:\/\/orbi.ulg.ac.be\/bitstream\/2268\/173619\/1\/Article.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/orbi.ulg.ac.be\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NACEM A., KHAN A.A., CHEEMA H.M.N., KHAN I.A. BUERKERT A. 2014. DNA barcoding for species identification in the Palmae family.<\/strong> In: Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (4): 10341-10348 (2014). Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. DNA barcoding is a promising tool for species identification at the molecular level. The barcoding system is well established for species differentiation in animals, while it is less common in plants. We evaluated 2 barcoding regions, maturase K (matK) and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), to compare species of Palmae according to amplification success, discrimination power, and inter- and intra-specific divergence. Both regions appear to have potential to discriminate most species of Palmae, but 2 species, Phoenix dactylifera and Phoenix sylvestris, did not show variation in the nucleotides of the barcode genes. P. sylvestris is said to be the sister species of P. dactilyfera according to its morphological and genetic proximity to the cultivated date palm. Thus, the status of these 2 species needs to be re-evaluated considering more genes as barcodes. Furthermore, rbcL has a higher discrimination power (90%) than matK (66.6%) and can thus be potentially used as a standard barcode to discriminate the species of Palmae.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.funpecrp.com.br\/gmr\/year2014\/vol13-4\/pdf\/gmr4601.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">funpecrp.com.br<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NAJIB H 2014. Feeding Value of Single Cell Protein Produced from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Fruits for Broiler Chickens. <\/strong>In: Annual Research &amp; Review in Biology 4(14): 2406-2413, 2014. Link: <a title=\"Saudi Arabia produces about 0.5 million tons and about 130,000 tons of poultry meat and eggs respectively per year and depends mainly on imported protein concentrate for feeding these birds. Therefore, it is important to produce poultry feed using locally available materials. The objective of this research was to find the feed value of the microbial protein, produced from date waste to broiler chickens. Experiment was conducted using different levels of single cell protein yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (0, 5, 10 and 15 %) in the diets of broiler chickens. Diets were formulated to feed 120 day old broilers. The chicks were randomly distributed in to 12 battery pens each contained 10 chicks. The dietary treatments were assigned to the cages in such a way that each dietary treatment was assigned to 3 battery pens (replicates). Results of the chemical analysis showed that level of the yeast proteinwas 51.88 %. This protein was found to be rich in Lysine (1.02 %). Methionine level of the protein was not as high as the Lysine (0.27 %). Level of fat in the yeast was only 6.41 %; however, its content from Oleic acid was 43.2 %. Linoleic and Linolenic levels were 0.85 and 0.14 %, respectively. Performance of the birds revealed no significant differences(P&gt;0.05) between the control birds and birds on 5 % level of the yeast in terms of final body weight and final cumulative feed conversion. However there was a clear indication that addition of 15 % single cell protein may be harmful to the birds. It was concluded that adding 5 % single cell protein, produced from Date Palm fruit waste to the broilers, produce no adverse effect to the performance of the birds and can be included in their diet.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedomain.org\/download.php?f=Najib4142014ARRB9524_1.pdf&amp;aid=4304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sciencedomain.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NATH T.K. 2014. Some incidences of abnormal branching in palms.<\/strong> In: Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences. 2014 Vol. 4 (2) April-June, pp.185-189. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Palms are the most fascinating group of plants that attract attention of both botanists and horticulturists all over the world. It includes 212 genera and about 2779 species (Moore, 1973) of which 21 genera and about 92 species have distributed in India (Basu and Chakraverty, 1994). Majority of palms have solitary columnar stem, though few species show branched stem. Areca palm (Areca catechu L.), Silver Date Palm (Phoenix sylvestris Roxb.) and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.), are characteristically single stemmed. On very rare occasion, crowds of branches develop forming a crown of palm stem in P. sylvestris (Biswas, 1934). In the present observation, the author have noticed abnormal aerial branches of the above mention three palm species of which single dichotomous branch is found in case of A. catechu, crown of branches upon single stem are found in two cases of P. sylvestris and numerous adventitious branches in aerial stem is observed in case of C. nucifera. These abnormal branches of palms are found in different sites of Nadia and North 24Parganas districts of West Bengal.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cibtech.org\/J-LIFE-SCIENCES\/PUBLICATIONS\/2014\/Vol-4-No-2\/JLS-028-040-TUSHAR-SOME-PALMS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cibtech.org<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>OMAR, AL-OBEED , SOLIMAN, AL.SAIF<\/strong> <strong>2014. Effect of pollen source and area distribution on yield and fruit quality of &lsquo;Khalas&rsquo; date palm (Phoenix dactylifera, L.) under Saudi Arabia conditions. <\/strong>In: Acta Advances in Agricultural Sciences Volume 2 (2014), Issue 3, 7-13. Link: <a title=\"Khalas' date palm trees are known in the production of the main date varieties grown in Saudi Arabia. The influence of pollens (introduced from these two locations) on yield and fruit quality of \u201cKhalas\u201d dates was estimated in the experiment conducted from 2012 to 2013. Twelve \u2018Khalas\u2019 female trees were grown and selected in two locations (L1; the Agricultural Experimental and Research Station-Deyrab, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh and L2; a private orchard, Al-Ahsaa district-West Riyadh). Results indicated that pollen source significantly affected the fruit set percentage as maximum fruit set (57.57%) was observed from trees pollinated with M1 (Rayidh male). Bunch weight, fruit weight, flesh weight and fruit volume were significantly improved with pollens from M1 palm trees compared to the other male tree (M2). Bunches pollenated from M1 recorded the highest values in most physical characters. There were non-significant effects between the two locations of female tree in fruit set, yield component and fruit quality. Interaction effect (M1\u00d7 L2) recorded the highest fruit set; bunch weight and most physical and chemical characters in both seasons. Moreover, bunches were pollinated by M1 either in L1 or L2 earlier ripening 22-24 days than other bunches pollinated with M2. This study recommends that the best pollen source (Male tree) should be selected from different locations in order to get the most desired fruit quality characteristics in Khalas date palm.\" href=\"http:\/\/aaasjournal.com\/files\/Articles\/v02-i03\/AAAS_2014_95503809.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aaasjournal.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>OMAR AEK, EL-ABD AEA 2014. Enhancing Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera, L.) Productivity, Ripening and Fruit Quality Using Selected Male Palms.<\/strong> In: Acta Advances inAgricultural SciencesVolume2(2014), Issue 6,11-19. Link: <a title=\"Egypt is one of the largest producers of dates with a total annual production estimatedat 1.4 million tons. The effect of male pollinizers on fruit set; bunch weight and fruitphysical and chemical characteristics was studied at a private orchard, located inkafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during 2012 and 2013 seasons. Fruit set, fruitweight, flesh weight, and bunch weight.were affected by the source of pollen, whilefruit dimensions were not affected. Fruit set improved by 28.30% with pollen of male1 (Meghal 1), whereas pollen of male 2 (Meghal 2) improved fruit set by 25.50%.Maximum weight of bunch, fruit and flesh were 20.50kg, 25.70g and 23.45g,respectively when bunches were pollinated with pollensof male (2). Using samepollens also resulted in maximum soluble solids content (SSC), vitamin C, total andreducing sugars were 32.89%; 7.75 mg\/100g flesh weight, 28.51% and 20.01%,respectively; in addition to a reduction in fruit firmness and tannin content.Moreover, fruit reaches ripening stage twenty days earlier than bunches pollinatedwith pollens of male\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aaasjournal.com\/files\/Articles\/v02-i06\/AAAS_2014_%2030010919.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aaasjournal.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>OMAR A E K, AL-OBEED R S, AHMED M A E 2014. Metaxenic effects as related to male palm (Phoenix dactylifera and Phoenix canariensis), yield and quality of Khalas fruit.<\/strong> In: Journal of Food, Agriculture &amp; Environment Vol.12 (2): 523-525. 2014. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. In order to get satisfactory fruit set, yield and fruit quality, different sources of pollen are required, palm growers said. D irect effect of pollens on date\u2019s quality was reported in many studies 5, 18, 21 . This study was carried out in two successive seasons (2011 and 2012) on six female date palms, cv. Khalas ( Phoenix dactylifera L.), grown in the Agricultural Experimental and Research Station-Dirab, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. On each female palm (10 inflorescences\/female), five inflorescences of the same age and almost equal in size were labelled and hand pollinated from Phoenix dactylifera , by placing male pollen strands (8 strands) within each female inflorescence. The other five female inflorescences (same age and almost equal in size) were hand pollinated from Phoenix canariensis by placing the same number of male. Results showed that bunches pollinated by pollen from Phoenix canariensis recorded the highest values in most parameters of \u2018Khalas\u2019 fruit quality. In addition, fruit were ripening two weeks earlier. On the other hand, bunches pollinated by pollen from Phoenix dactylifera palm recorded the highest fruit set, seed weight, acidity and fruit moisture content. This variation in results can help in male selection, and may prese nt the importance of Phoenix canariensis as pollinator to improve yield, fruit quality and early fruit ripening.\" href=\"http:\/\/world-food.net\/download\/journals\/2014-issue_2\/2014-issue_2-agriculture\/a48.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">world-food.net<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PATRA J.K., DHAL N.K., THATOI H. 2014. Free radical scavenging potential of four ethnomedicinally important mangrove plants along Odisha coast, India. <\/strong>In: Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 43(12), December 2014, 9p. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. In the present study an attempt has been made to make a comparative evaluation of four selected ethnomedicinally important mangrove plants (Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Acanthus ilicifolius and Phoenix paludosa) from mangrove forest along Odisha coast, India for their antioxidant properties. Results showed that all the plant extracts showed strong DPPH and Nitric oxide scavenging properties which increased with increase in the concentration of the plant extract. Among the plants, the leaf samples are the best source of antioxidant and P. paludosa is comparatively rich in natural antioxidant.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.niscair.res.in\/jinfo\/IJMS\/IJMS-Forthcoming-Articles\/IJMS-PR-Dec%202014\/MS%202475%20Edited.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.niscair.res.in<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PUJARI RR, VYAWAHARE NS, THAKURDESAI PA 2014. Neuroprotective and antioxidant role of Phoenix dactylifera in permanent bilateral common carotid occlusion in rats<\/strong>. In: Journal of Acute Disease (2014)104-114. Link: <a title=\"OBJECTIVE: To investigate neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of Phoenix dactylifera (P. dactylifera) (PD) fruits. METHODS: Methanolic extract of P. dactylifera fruits (MEPD) at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg\/kg was studied against permanent BCCAO (long-term hypoperfusion) in rats. Chronic occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCA) caused significant elevation in malondialdehyde levels due to increased lipid peroxidation as well as decrease in levels of other biochemical enzymes i.e . glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione- S-transferse, catalase and superoxide dismutase. RESULTS: Post occlusion treatment for 15 d with 100 and 300 mg\/kg doses of MEPD significantly reduced the enhanced malonaldehyde levels and reversed the alterations in the declined levels of antioxidant enzymes in brains homogenates of hypoperfused rats. Long-term cerebral hypoperfusion in rats caused a propensity towards anxiety and restlessness (open field paradigm) accompanied by deficits of spatial learning and memory (Morris water maze testing). Additionally, histopathological observations in hypoperfused brains revealed reactive changes like shrinkage and necrosis of neurons. 100 and 300 mg\/kg doses of MEPD significantly alleviated these alterations. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirmed the protective role of P. dactylifera in ischemia hypoperfusion and thereby it \u2019 s beneficial role in cerebrovascular insufficiency states and related complications.\" href=\"http:\/\/jadweb.org\/pdf\/JAD.Vol3.No2.pdf\/5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/jadweb.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RADI M, HAMDALI H, MEDDICH A, OUAHMANE L, HAFIDI M 2014. Le potentiel mycorhizog\u00e8ne des sols urbains en zones semi-arides et la tol\u00e9rance du Palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) au d\u00e9ficit hydrique<\/strong>. In: J. Mater. Environ. Sci . 5 ( 6 ) (2014) 1957 \u2013 1967. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. In the current study, the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the resistance to water deficit of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) was assessed. From urban soils (three gardens and three boulevards) and suburban soils (two palms) of Marrakech city (Morocco), eight sites were selected and studied for their ability to improve the tolerance of the date palm to water stress. The application of water stress 25% of field capacity (CC) significantly increases the natural frequency of mycorrhizal colonization (100%) in plants grown in soils of the eight sites studied in comparison with 50, 75, and 100 % CC. Thus, plants grown in soils from gardens represent the highest intensity of roots mycorrhizal colonization of palm after eight months of culture and regardless of the level of water deficit imposed in the soil. The infection frequency of roots reaches 85% in plants grown in soil from the garden site (J2) after the application of water stress 50% C C. Moreover, the application of water deficit by 25% and 50% CC significantly reduces the growth parameters of the date palm which is accompanied by a significant increase in levels of P, N, K and Na. Similarly, the analysis of biochemical parameters (proline, phenols, soluble sugars and proteins) showed significantly higher levels in plants grown in soils of gardens and palm groves in comparison with those grown in soils of boulevards in limiting conditions of water (25% CC)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jmaterenvironsci.com\/Document\/vol5\/vol5_N6\/242-JMES-1065-2014-Radi.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jmaterenvironsci<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RAHMANI A.H., ALY S.M., ALI H., BABIKER A.Y., SRIKAR S., KHAN A.A. 2014. Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity. <\/strong>In: Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2014;7(3):483-491. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. The current mode of treatment of various diseases based on synthetic drugs is expensive, alters genetic and metabolic pathways and also shows adverse side effects. Thus, safe and effective approach is needed to pre- vent the diseases development and progression. In this vista, Natural products are good remedy in the treatment\/ management of diseases and they are affordable and effective without any adverse effects. Dates are main fruit in the Arabian Peninsula and are considered to be one of the most significant commercial crops and also have been documented in Holy Quran and modern scientific literatures. Earlier studies have shown that constituents of dates act as potent antioxidant, anti-tumour as well as anti-inflammatory, provide a suitable alternative therapy in various diseases cure. In this review, dates fruits has medicinal value are summarized in terms of therapeutic implications in the diseases control through anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and ant-diabetic effect.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3992385\/pdf\/ijcem0007-0483.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ncbi.nlm.nih.gov<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PUTRA M D, ABASAEED A E, ALI E M, SULIEMA A K, GAILY M H, ZEINELABDEN M A 2014. Utilization of Pitted Dates for the Production of Highly Concentrated Fructose Syrups by S. Cerevisiae<\/strong>. In: The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering. VOL. 38, 397-402, 2014. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Dates contain over 75 % reduced sugars in form of glucose and f ructose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain ATCC 36858 has been used to selectively ferment the glucose com ponent in the date syrup into ethanol. Separation of ethanol from the fermentation resulted in higher fructose concentrations. The selective fermentation was performed at three temperatures, i.e., 27, 30 and 33 \u00b0 C at agitation speed of 120 rpm and initial syrup concentration of 15 % (150 g\/L). The fructose fractions in the remaining sugar solution were 97.5, 99.2 and 97.8 % for fermentation temperatures of 27, 30 and 33 \u00b0 C respectively. The corresponding fructose yields were 82.1, 95.1 and 85.7 %. However, for the wild non-selective strain all fructose was fermented simultaneously with the glucose component. The fructose fractions obtained here are much higher than those obtained with the classical isomerization processes that yield 55 % fructose syrups.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aidic.it\/cet\/14\/38\/067.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aidic.it\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RAHMANI A H, ALY S M, ALI H, BABIKER A Y, SRIKAR S, KHAN A A 2014. Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera)in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity.<\/strong> In: Int J Clin Exp Med 2014;7(3):483-491. Link: <a title=\"The current mode of treatment of various diseases based on synthetic drugs is expensive, alters genetic and metabolic pathways and also shows adverse side effects. Thus, safe and effective approach is needed to prevent the diseases development and progression. In this vista, Natural products are good remedy in the treatment\/management of diseases and they are affordable and effective without any adverse effects. Dates are main fruit in the Arabian Peninsula and are considered to be one of the most significant commercial crops and also have been documented in Holy Quran and modern scientific literatures. Earlier studies have shown that constituents of dates act as potent antioxidant, anti-tumour as well as anti-inflammatory, provide a suitable alternative therapy in various diseases cure. In this review, dates fruits has medicinal value are summarized in terms of therapeutic implications in the diseases control through anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and ant-diabetic effect.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3992385\/pdf\/ijcem0007-0483.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RIVERA D, OBON C, VERDE A, FAJARDO J, VALDES A, ALCARAZ F, CARRE\u00d1O E, HEINRICH M, MARTINEZ M, RIOS S, MARTINEZ V, LAGUNA E 2014. La palmera datilera y la palmera canaria en la medicina tradicional de Espa\u00f1a. <\/strong>In: Revista de Fitoterapia 2014; 14(1): 67-81. Link: <a title=\"En la actualidad son muy pocos los usos vigentes. Aunque los d\u00e1tiles son la materia utilizada con mayor frecuencia, tambi\u00e9n se han emplea - do la savia, el polen y el cogollo tierno o palmito. Los d\u00e1tiles de Phoenix dactylifera se utilizaron como analg\u00e9sico y para tratar la anemia y tras - tornos digestivos, o para fortalecer las enc\u00edas, en el tratamiento de la disfunci\u00f3n er\u00e9ctil y como afrodisiacos, para facilitar el parto y calmar los dolores postparto, y tratar el prolapso de la matriz o para el exceso de flujo menstrual. Tambi\u00e9n se utilizaron como diur\u00e9ticos, para la disu - ria y en trastornos de la vejiga. El uso que m\u00e1s claramente ha persistido es el tratamiento de diversos problemas respiratorios. En uso externo se utilizaron para tratar problemas de la piel, heridas, hemorragias y hemorroides. De la palmera de Canarias (Phoenix canariensis ), espe - cialmente en la isla de la Gomera, la savia cruda o guarapo, su con - centrado o miel de palma y los resultantes de su fermentaci\u00f3n (vino de palma) se consumen como alimento y tambi\u00e9n se utilizan como diur\u00e9 - tico, remedio de trastornos g\u00e9nitourinarios, digestivo, para infecciones de la cavidad bucal, expectorante, antitus\u00edgeno y para las irritaciones de garganta. En el Toledo de Al-Andalus las espatas de P. dactylifera se utilizaron, hace casi mil a\u00f1os, en el tratamiento de la debilidad, los dolores, nefri - tis, las enfermedades de la vejiga, trastornos hep\u00e1ticos (tambi\u00e9n como preventivo), diarrea, trastornos digestivos, dolores en el abdomen y en el est\u00f3mago, excesivo sangrado menstrual, \u00falceras en la piel y sarna, dolores articulares y trastornos cardiacos. La fitoterapia racional deber\u00eda prestar atenci\u00f3n a este recurso, conside - rar la evidencia cient\u00edfica disponible (farmacol\u00f3gica e incluso cl\u00ednica) e incorporarlo a nuestro repertorio terap\u00e9utico.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fitoterapia.net\/revista\/pdf\/Resum_RdF_14_1_Palmera.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.fitoterapia.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SADEGHI Z, KUHESTANI K 2014. Ethnobotany of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) in Baluch tribe of Saravan region, Baluchistan, Iran<\/strong>. In: Journal of Agricultural Technology 2014 Vol. 10(6):1571 \u2013 1585. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. This study surveys the ethnobotany of Phoenix dactylifera in Saravan region of Iran from various aspect including distribution, economic, linguistic, food and pharmacological. A questionnaire for data collection of Date Palm was prepared and 80 farmers were interviewed. Field trips were conducted to different groves of Dat e palm for collection of ethnobotanical information about this plant in Saravan during 2010 - 2013. The present study reveals that date palm groves are concentrated in Saravan, Jalgh and Gosht. Total area under date's cultivation in the district is 19,000hec tares, with total production of 50000 - 60000 tons per year. Results show ed that dates have a great potential for economic preferment of the people in this area. Mozafati and Rabbi are the dates that have economic value. P.dactylifera is considered as a mult i - purpose tree by native people of Saravan Rural houses are constructed by leaves and trunks of date palm. Moreover leaves of this species are used for handcrafts. The fruits are aphrodisiac and also used as medicine for cough, blood purgation, anemia, lax ative, and cancer. Decoction of seeds is applied for kidney problems and grinded seeds are used as fodder for animals. P.dactylifera is respected as a \u201clife\u201d tree among the Baluch tribes and has been used as food, animal feed, medicine, buildings material, fencing, different household articles, decoration and handcrafts. Major problem in this region from orchardist viewpoints, are insect damage, fruit slump, little information about customers and markets, lack of modern techniques for harvesting, processing, packaging and specially lack of substructure for producing good quality fresh dates.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijat-aatsea.com\/pdf\/v10_n6_14_november\/17_IJAT_10%286%29_2014_Zahra_sadeghi-%20Plant%20Biotechnology.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ijat-aatsea.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SALVI J., KATEWA S.S. 2014. Preliminary assessment of nutritional value of palm heart of Phoenix sylvestris (Roxb.).<\/strong> In: IFRJ 21(5): 2051-2054. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Phoenix sylvestris (wild date palm) plays an important role in the diet of the inhabitants of tribal area of southern Rajasthan. There is a lacuna in the study of its nutritional value and its potential as an alternative source of food. In the present study the quantitative determination of proximate composition of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, minerals and vitamins present in the palm heart of Phoenix sylvestris has been done by standard analytical techniques. The palm heart of Phoenix sylvestris showed highest amount of carbohydrate (11.63%), crude protein (10.93%), crude fiber (3.24%), reducing sugar (2.68%), crude lipid (2%) and small amount of ash (1.2%). The palm heart of Phoenix sylvestris also has a high energy value (108.24 kcal\/100 g). It is rich in Vitamin B3 (1.34 mg\/100 g) and Vitamin C (5.52 mg\/100 g). This study concluded that the palm heart of Phoenix sylvestris contained highest amount of carbohydrate, protein and lowest amount of minerals as compared to palm heart of Euterpe spp. The results revealed that palm heart of Phoenix sylvestris is a good nutrient supplement and is opulent in carbohydrate, crude protein, vitamin B complex, vitamin C and vitamin K. It can be used as good alternative source of cabbage or vegetable and to alleviate hunger and malnutrition.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/21%20%2805%29%202014\/59%20IFRJ%2021%20%2805%29%202014%20Salvi%20126.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ifrj.upm.edu.my<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SHARMA A, BATRA N G, SHARMA H 2014. Physical Chemical Analysis of the Rhizospheric Soil of Phoenix Dactylifera L. in Semi-Arid Regions of Jaipur District. <\/strong>In: Int. Res J Pharm. App Sci., 2014;4(1):9-15. Link: <a title=\"Abstract: In order to study relationship between physical chemical properties of soil and occurrence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) in date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) rhizosphere, the present study was undertaken in semi - arid regions of Jaipur district at fifteen sites with naturally occurrin g abundant date palm trees. To study the physical chemical properties of soil, eight soil parameters having effect on VAM fungi occurrence were selected viz., pH, Organic matter, Organ ic Carbon, Phosphorus, Texture, Electrical Conductivity, Bulk Density an d Pore space. The results showed quite variation in all parameters at different sites under study.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irjpas.com\/File_Folder\/IRJPAS%204%281%299-15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.irjpas.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SPERLING O, LAZAROVITCH N, SCHWARTZ A, SHAPIRA O 2014. Effects of high salinity irrigation on growth, gas-exchange, and photoprotection in date palms ( Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Medjool).<\/strong> In: Environmental and Experimental Botany 99 (2014) 100\u2013109. Link: <a title=\"Date palms are widely cultivated in arid Mediterranean regions and require large quantities of water to produce commercial fruit yields. In these regions the plantations are commonly irrigated with low- quality water, which results in reduced growth and yields. To study the effect of using saline water for irrigation, date palm seedlings (cv. Medjool) were subjected to long-term irrigation treatments with water containing between 2 and 105 mM NaCl. The effect of saline irrigation was determined according to leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, growth parameters and the distribution of key minerals in different plant organs. High salinity decreased plant growth and increased Na + accumulation in the roots and lower stem. However, Na + ions were mostly excluded from the sensitive photosynthetic tis- sues of the leaf. Thus, the reduction in the CO 2 assimilation rate was primarily attributed to a reduced stomatal conductance. Consistent with this finding, the photosynthetic response to variable intercellu- lar CO 2 concentrations ( A \/ C i curves) revealed no permanent damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and implicated developed photoprotective mechanisms. Independent of salinity treatment, 80% of the energy absorbed by the leaf was directed to non-photochemical quenching, as presented in electron- equivalent units. Functioning at full capacity, the non-photochemical mechanism could not compensate for all the excess irradiance. Thus, of the remaining absorbed energy, a significant portion was directed to photochemical O 2 related processes, rather than CO 2 prevented photoinhibition. The exclusion of toxic ions and O 2 -dependent energy dissipation maintained photosynthetic efficiency and supported survival under salt stress.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icore-solarfuels.org\/userfiles\/files\/2014_Sperling_et_al.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.icore-solarfuels.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SAEED IK, YOUSOF DE 2014. Nutritional changes in date fruits Barakawi c.v. infested by date palm dust mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus Meg., measured by physical and chemical parameters. <\/strong>In: Persian Gulf Crop Protection Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2014, Pages 46-51. Link: <a title=\"For evaluating the changes in date fruit as a result of infestation with date palm dust mite infested date fruits Barakawi cultivar in &quot;Tamr&quot; stage (dried fruit) were collected from infested bunches of 4 date palm trees selected randomly from an orchard in Dongola area. Sound fruits (not infested trees) were also randomly collected, and were sent to the Food Research Centre at Shambat to determine the changes in physical properties, chemical composition and nutritional value. The results indicated that sound Barakawi date fruit were of a significant higher value as physical characteristics, fruit length, width, weight, pulp weight, seed weight, flesh thickness, pit percentage and surface area. Insignificant difference among tested fruits in fruit length\/width ratio and pulp\/seed ratio. Also, the results indicated differences between the infested fruits and sound ones in moisture content, total sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose, carbohydrates where the sound fruits recorded higher contents than infested one. Protein and fibre contents were recorded significantly different values and were found higher in infested fruits. Minerals content Potassium, Phosphorous, Magnesium and Calcium recorded higher in sound fruits compared to infested one.\" href=\"http:\/\/cropprotection.ir\/files_site\/paperlist\/Journal3-1-140301201549.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cropprotection.ir\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SIAHPOOSH, DEH DARI 2014. Polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities of leaves of Phoenix dactylifera and flowers of Aloe vera. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Biosciences. Vol.5, No.9, p.294-304. Link: <a title=\"Abstract The present study investigates the comparative antioxidant ability of the methanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera 's and methanolic and aqueous extracts of Aloe vera 's Antioxidant ability was assessed by using the DPPH, FRAP, ABTS + free - radical scavenging and hydroxyl radicals scavenging assays, Pro - oxidant effect was determined by Bleomycin - dependent DNA damage method. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the A. vera's flower and date leaves were also quantified. The total phenolic content of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the A.vera's flower and methanolic extract of date leaves were 32.40, 15.16 and 180.5 mg Tannic acid equivalents per g dry extract respectively. The total flavonoids content of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the A. vera and methanolic extract of date leaves were 6.46, 27.62 and 18.84 mg\/ml Rutin equivalent per g dry extract respectively. The IC 50 of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the A. ver a and methanolic extract of date leaves in DPPH assay were 540.17, 406.04 and 7.43 \u03bcg\/ml, in Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay were 0.1, 247.42 and 0.21 \u03bcg\/ml., in ABTS + radical scavenging assay were 44.72, 35.12 and 38.21 \u03bcg\/ml, EC1 in FRAP assay were 4.8 4, 4.84 and 0.28 (mg\/ml) respectively The results of Bleomycin assay showed that as the extract concentration increases, the pro - oxidant capacity of A. vera extracts increase and extract reduce. The results of this experiment show that the antioxidant cap acity and polyphenol compound of the leaves of P. dactylifera was significantly higher than Aloe vera' s flowers .\" href=\"http:\/\/www.innspub.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/IJB-V5No9-p294-304.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.innspub.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/IJB-V5No9-p294-304.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SRIVASHTAV V.S., SOLANKI V.H., PATEL H.K., KANSARA,R.V. 2014. Molecular characterization of date palm (phoenix dactylifera) using combined marker analysis grown in Kutch region of India<\/strong>. In\u00a0: Journal of Cell and Tissue Research. Vol.14(1), 4083-4088 (2014). Link: <a title=\"In Date palm (PhoenixdactyliferaL.) molecular characterization to find the best genotype and male\/female identification at an early stage sbefore flowering is of great economic significance to the farmers. Genetic finger printing using molecular markers is an important tool. In present investigation four types of markers RAPD, ISSR, SSR, ITS gene were applied in 5 unknown genotypes of Date palm (female1, female2, female3, Male2 small and Male1 tall). Four type of markers (highly polymorphic) with two best primers for each marker (RAPD, ISSR, SSR and ITS), were used. Amplification of genomic DNA of 5 Date palm genotypes yielded 32 scorable fragments out of which 17 were polymorphic, with an average of 4. 25 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number o famplified fragments ranged from 3 (BNL-448) to 10 (OPG-2andITS-3) and varied from ~200bp to ~4kb. Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 20% (ITS-3 )to a maximum of 100% (BNL-448). Cluster analysis using UPGMA contains two clusters A and B with Jaccard\u2019s similarity matrix with low value of 0.660 in that female 2 genotype was distinct. On the other hand, cluster A contains female 3 and Male 1 tall with highest value of 0. 810 and Male 2 small genotype having similarity value of 0.790. In cluster A1 female1 genotype with similarity value of 0. 750 was found diverse in cluste rA.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tcrjournals.com\/uploads\/7948115._Srivashtav.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.tcrjournals.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SRIVASTAVA M., PANDE S., SRIVASTAVA L., SRIVASTAVA C. 2014. Fungal Infestations in Some Dry Fruits during Storage in Different Seasons. <\/strong>In: Int. J. of Multidisciplinary and Current research, Vol.2 (Jan-Feb-2014)<strong>. <\/strong>Link: <a title=\"Cuddapah almond (Buchanania lanzan), Coconut (Cocos nucifera) and Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) are important and valuable food commodities. During storage the food commodities are spoiled by abiotic and biotic agents amongst whom fungi play important role. In the present study mycoflora of Cuddapah almond, Coconut, and Date-palm was studied using blotter method, dilution method and agar plate method during different seasons such as rainy, winter and summer. Osmophilic fungi were also isolated by increasing sugar concentration in CzapekDox agar medium. Altogether 14 fungal species were isolated from the kernels of Buchnanialanzan, 19 species from Cocos nucifera and 22 fungal species from Phoenix dactylifera during all three seasons.\" href=\"http:\/\/ijmcr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Paper25145-148.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ijmcr.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>TAOUDA H, ALAOUI M M, ERRACHIDI F, CHABIR R, AARAB L 2014<\/strong>. <strong>Etude comparative des caract\u00e9ristiques morphom\u00e9triques et Biochimiques des dattes commercialis\u00e9es dans le march\u00e9 r\u00e9gional de FES \/ MAROC.<\/strong> In: International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies. Vol. 8 No. 1 Sep. 2014, pp. 1-10. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. This study is focused on biochemical and character ization of thirteen varieties of dates fruits sold in \u201cFez city date wholesale&quot; in Morocco. Varieties are divided into ten Moroccan varieties &quot;Abourar, Boufeggous, Bouskri, Bouslikh\u00e9ne, Jihel, Khalt, Klane, Mejhoul, Rassltmer and Tarzawa&quot;, and three imported varieties &quot;Deglet Baida, Deglet Nour and Lulu&quot;. The results show morphological and physic-chemical differences between the studied varieties, especially in color, texture, size and weight criteria of dates. Varieties that validate all quality criteria are Mejhoul and Jihel, which have best characters that give them, appreciated aesthetic appearance. RESUME:Cette \u00e9tude porte sur la caract\u00e9risation biochimique de treize vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de dattes commercialis\u00e9es au sein du march\u00e9 de gros des dattes de la ville de F\u00e8s au Maroc. Les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de dattes marocaines sont \u00abAbourar, Boufeggous, Bouskri, Bouslikh\u00e9ne, Jihel, Khalt, Klane, Mejhoul, Rassltmer et Tarzawa\u00bb, et les import\u00e9es sont \u00abDeglet-Baida, Deglet-Nour et Lulu\u00bb. Les r\u00e9sultats obtenus r\u00e9v\u00e8lent l\u2019existence des diff\u00e9rences morphologiques entre les treize vari\u00e9t\u00e9s et en particulier de point de vue couleur, consistance, taille et poids des dattes. Les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s des dattes qui valident tous les crit\u00e8res de qualit\u00e9 sont la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 Mejhoul et la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 Jihel. Elles pr\u00e9sentent des meilleurs caract\u00e8res morphom\u00e9triques et qui leur donne un aspect esth\u00e9tique appr\u00e9ci\u00e9.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.issr-journals.org\/xplore\/ijias\/IJIAS-14-198-04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.issr-journals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>TAOUDA H., CHABIR R., ERRACHIDI F., AARAB L. 2014. Comparison of Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Content of Moroccan Date Fruits. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 3, Issue 9, September 2014. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. The present study investigates the correlation between phenolic, Flavonoid compound content and antioxidant activity of date fruits. Phenolic content values range from 1.5 to 4.5 mg \/100 g fresh weight exprimed as Galic acid equivalent (GAE). Total flavonoids content (TFC) of studied date varies significantly (p &lt; 0.05) from 0.010mg to 0.38 mg\/100g fresh weight exprimed as quercetin equivalents (QE). The antioxidant activity of methanol extract evaluated using the DPPH method, and examined by comparison to controls (BHT and Vitamin C). The highest inhibition of oxidation was attained in Bouskri variety, which was 88.88% at 40\u03bcg\/mL concentration of phenolic compounds. Correlation (R 2 ) between Phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity range from 0,8 to 0,9. However lower correlation was obtained in Deglet Baida variety with (R 2 = 0.6). The high correlation coefficient indicates that phenolics are one of the main compounds responsible for the scavenging effect of date varieties. The date fruit could be a good source of antioxidants, which may have healthy benefits for humans.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijirset.com\/upload\/2014\/september\/47_Comparison.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.ijirset.com<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>TAKAEIDI<\/strong> <strong>MR, JAHANGIRI A, KHODAYAR MJ, SIAHPOOSH A, YAGHOOTI H, REZAEI S, SALECHEH M, MANSOURZADEH Z\u00a0,<\/strong> <strong>2014. The Effect of Date Seed (Phoenix dactylifera) Extract on Paraoxonase and Arylesterase Activities in Hypercholesterolemic Rats.<\/strong> In: Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2014 February; 9(1): 30-4. Link\u00a0: <a title=\"BACKGROUND: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high- density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme, displaying esterase and lactonase activity. The PON1 is involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases, metabolizing toxic oxidized lipids and detoxifying of organophosphorus insecticide compounds and nerve agents. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methanolic date seed extract (DSE) on paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in hypercholesterolemic rats.\" href=\"http:\/\/jjnpp.com\/25736.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/jjnpp.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>TRIGUEROS L, SENDRA E 2014. Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Date Pastes and Blanching Water Obtained from by-Products of Medjoul and Confitera Cultivars.<\/strong> In: Food Science and Technology 2(3): 34 \u2013 40, 2014. Link: <a title=\"The date industry faces economic losses due to non - conformities with quality standards (pre and post - harvest defects). The present study deals with two types of discarded date palm : Medjoul (post - harvest defects) and Confitera (pre - harvest cracks) with the aim to obtain valuable products. Dates were processed to obtain paste and bl anching water. Nutritional value and antioxidant properties of the paste and blanching water were determined. Medjoul paste and blanching water have demonstrated to be a good source of sugars (33.02% and 5.44%, respectively) whereas Confitera paste and bla nching water have an important content in phenols and flavonoids, which in particular confers antioxidant properties to Confitera blanching water. Furthermore both date pastes are a good source of fiber. Blanching process especially affects Confitera culti var since a huge amount of organic acids, phenolics and flavonoids are solubilized and leaked during date processing, increasing the bioactive content in Confitera blanching water. These results showed the opportunity to incorporate these new products from non - commercial dates as functional ingredients into the food chain helping, whereas improving, waste management in the date industry\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hrpub.org\/download\/20140405\/FST2-11102130.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.hrpub.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ULLAH R, ULLAH K, KHAN M Z 2014. Extension Services and Technology Adoption of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) In District Dera Ismail Khan. <\/strong>In: Pakistan J. Agric. Res. Vol. 27 No.2, 2014. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT The present study has been designed to investigate the role of agricultural extension services in date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) improvement. Agriculture extension is appreciating the problems of farmers and suggesting a suitable solution for these problems. Due to the utmost importance of agricultural extension services, its role was investigated in the major date producing areas (Dakki, Mian Wada, Mathra Abad, Jhok Ghamywali, Habib Abad, Bilot Sharif, Himat, Jhok Moazam, Matwala Shah, Chura and Jhok Malkanri) of the district Dera Ismail Khan by personal interview method from a sample of 51 respondents selected from these villages. Agriculture was the major profession of the farmers (80.3%). It was found that 62.7% of the respondents were never visited by the extension workers while 60.7% of the respondents never attended any meeting with field staff or Agriculture Officers. A single field day was organized by extension workers almost two years ago in the studied area attended by only 41% of the respondents. About 72% of the selected respondents were aware about modern technologies but only 43% of them were educated by extension workers. It was concluded that most of the respondents (70%) were never satisfied with proper working of extension workers. It is, therefore recommended that better extension services, trainings and guidance are the need of the farming community.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pjar.org.pk\/Issues\/Vol27_2014No_2\/p_160.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.pjar.org.pk\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ZIADI, M., GAABEB, N., MRABET, A., FERCHICHI, A 2014. Variation in physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of datepalm sap (Phoenix dactylifera) during the tapping period in oasian ecosystem of Southern Tunisia. <\/strong>In: International Food Research Journal 21(2): 561-567 (2014). Link: <a title=\"Palm sap tapped from three varieties of date palm Phoenix dactylifera was analyzed during two tapping periods: winter and springtime. These samples were collected once-a-week during 14 weeks for each tapping period. Total soluble solids decreased during tapping period; however no significant variation was noted for pH and titrable acidity. The microbial count indicated that after an initial higher presence during 10 weeks, counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and yeasts decreased starting from the 11th week. The sugar composition was determined: Sucrose was the only sugar detected in winter (18%). In springtime, in addition to sucrose, small amounts of glucose (1.00-2.47%) and fructose (1.04-1.79%) were detected. Sap harvested in springtime contains more sugars and lower acidity than the one harvested in winter. During the spontaneous fermentation of sap, pH and total soluble solids decreased from 6.80 and 13% in the first day to 3.40 and 6% respectively at the end of fermentation.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/21%20%2802%29%202014\/19%20IFRJ%2021%20%2802%29%202014%20Ziadi%20540.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>{tab=2013}<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RECENSION <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ARAB PALM CONFERENCE 2011. <\/strong>First Scientific Conference for the Development of The Date Palm and Dates Sector in The Arab World. Saudi Arabia, December 4-7, 2011.Vol I. Ryad 2013, 1042p. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kacst.edu.sa\/en\/about\/publications\/Books\/Arab%20Palm%20Conference%202011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kacst.edu.sa<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>TENGBERG M., BATTESTI V., NEWTON C. (dir.) 2013. Le palmier dattier. Origine et culture en \u00c9gypte et au Moyen-Orient.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> In: Revue d\u2019ethno\u00e9cologie, 4 | 2013. Link: <a title=\"SOMMAIRE Margareta Tengberg, Claire Newton et Vincent Battesti. \u00ab L\u2019arbre sans rival \u00bb. Palmiers dattiers et palmeraies au Moyen-Orient et en \u00c9gypte de la pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 nos jours Muriel Gros-Balthazard, Claire Newton, Sarah Ivorra, MargaretaTengberg, Jean-Christophe Pintaud et Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Terral. Origines et domestication du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Romain Thomas. Anatomie des palmiers end\u00e9miques du Proche et Moyen-Orient : applications en arch\u00e9obotanique J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Schiettecatte. Le palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) dans l\u2019Arabie m\u00e9ridionale pr\u00e9islamique Sophie M\u00e9ry. The first oases in Eastern Arabia: society and craft technology, in the 3rd millennium BC at Hili, United Arab Emirates Claire Newton, Thomas Whitbread, Damien Agut-Labord\u00e8re et Michel Wuttmann\u2020. L\u2019agriculture oasienne \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque perse dans le sud de l\u2019oasis de Kharga (\u00c9gypte, ve-ive s. AEC) Charl\u00e8ne Bouchaud. Exploitation v\u00e9g\u00e9tale des oasis d\u2019Arabie. Production, commerce et utilisation des plantes. L\u2019exemple de Mad\u00e2\u2019in S\u00e2lih (Arabie Saoudite) entre le ive si\u00e8cle av. J.-C. et le viie si\u00e8cle apr. J.-C. Julien Charbonnier. La ma\u00eetrise du temps d\u2019irrigation au sein des oasis aliment\u00e9es par des afl\u00e2j. \u00c9tude de cas \u00e0 Adam (Sultanat d\u2019Oman) Fanny Michel-Dansac et Annie Caubet. L\u2019iconographie et le symbolisme du palmier dattier dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 (Proche-Orient, \u00c9gypte, M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e orientale) [Texte int\u00e9gral] Claire Newton, Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Terral, Sarah Ivorra, Muriel Gros-Balthazard, Claire Tito de Morais, Sandrine Picq, Margareta Tengberg et Jean-Christophe Pintaud. Graines d'histoire. Approche morphom\u00e9trique de l'agrobiodiversit\u00e9 du palmier dattier, actuelle et d'\u00c9gypte ancienne Vincent Battesti. L\u2019agrobiodiversit\u00e9 du dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) dans l\u2019oasis de Siwa (\u00c9gypte). Entre ce qui se dit, s\u2019\u00e9crit et s\u2019oublie\" href=\"http:\/\/ethnoecologie.revues.org\/1216\">ethnoecologie.revues.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>Web edition of THE DATE PALM JOURNAL<\/strong>. FAO-Iraqi National Library (Baghdad-IRAQ)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">July 1981. Vol 1 (1) 1-152. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book1.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\nMay 1982. Vol 1(2):153-316. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book2.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\nMarch 1983. Vol 2(1):1-146. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book3.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\nNovember 1983. Vol 2(2):147-267. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book4.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\nJune 1984. Vol. 3(1):268-358. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book5.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\nDecember 1984. Vol. 3(2):359-437. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book6.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\nAugust 1985. Vol. 4(1):1-136. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book7.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\nDecember 1986. Vol. 4(2):137-288. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book8.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\nJuly 1987. Vol. 5(1):9-119. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book9.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\nDecember 1987. Vol 5(2):120-229. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book10.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\nDecember 1988. Vol 6(1):238-230. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book11.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><br \/>\n1988. Date Palm journal Vol 6(2):295-355- Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/Uploaded\/Magazine\/Book12.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iraqi-datepalms.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Free access online <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AAMIR J., KUMARI A.M., KHAN N., MEDAM S.K.<\/strong> <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Evaluation of the Combinational Antimicrobial Effect of Annona Squamosaand Phoenix Dactylifera Seeds Methanolic Extract on Standard Microbial Strains.<\/strong> In International Research Journal of Biological Science, Vol.2(5), 68-73, May (2013). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.isca.in\/IJBS\/Archive\/v2\/i5\/11.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-052.pdf\">http:\/\/www.isca.in\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABAHMANE L.<\/strong> <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Recent achievements in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation from inflorescence tissues.<\/strong> In: Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (11): 863-874. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The Moroccan demand for date palm plants over the next decade is estimated to be 2.9 million. To fulfill this huge demand, the use of rapid micropropagation techniques is an objective of great interest. Generally, date palm micropropagation is performed from offshoot tissue. However, in the case of some rare genotypes, this technique is inefficient because only limited numbers of offshoots are available. To overcome this problem, a new technique based on the use of emerged inflorescence tissue was developed. The research activities resulted in a completely successful process starting from plant material excision to plant acclimatization and field planting. The technique was used for the micropropagation of 16 date palm genotypes with good fruit quality. To date, hundreds of well-acclimatized plants belonging to 9 genotypes have been produced. In addition, clusters of buds of 3 selected genotypes and Medjool cv. were produced and transferred to a private laboratory for mass propagation. In vitro plants needed to test for bayoud disease resistance of 6 selected genotypes were produced using this technique. Since 2001, well-acclimatized in vitro plants were gradually transferred to the field to study their behavior. Inflorescence-derived plants have shown normal growth and no abnormalities. Fruit set of planted palms started in 2005. In the present paper, micropropagation with inflorescence tissue as well as the related major achievements are presented.\" href=\"http:\/\/ejfa.info\/index.php\/ejfa\/article\/download\/16659\/8875\">http:\/\/ejfa.info\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABASS<\/strong> <strong>M.H.<\/strong> <strong>2013. <\/strong><strong>Microbial contaminants of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Iraqi tissue culture laboratories.<\/strong> In Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (11): 875-882. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The date palm is one of the most important economic species of the palm family, grown mainly for its fruits (dates). Nowadays there is increased demand for date palm fruits around the world. To meet this demand, several propagation methods have been utilized, among them micropropagation which has been used in Iraq and many other countries for large-scale multiplication of date palm. Micropropagation faces several constraints; one is microbial contamination which represents a major challenge to the initiation and maintenance of date palm micropropagation laboratories. In recent years, two major groups of contaminants have been identified and isolated from different date palm tissue culture laboratories in Iraq. The first group is fungi. Several fungal species have been isolated and identified as contaminants; most predominant are: Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and  Penicillium spp.  The  second group is  bacteria;  predominantly of  the genera  Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Proteus.\" href=\"http:\/\/ejfa.info\/index.php\/ejfa\/article\/download\/15351\/8876\">http:\/\/ejfa.info\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABASS M.H. 2013. A PCR ITS-RFLP method for identifying fungal contamination of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) tissue cultures.<\/strong> African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12(32), pp. 5054-5059, 7 August, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/ajb\/PDF\/pdf2013\/7Aug\/Abass.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABDUL-LATIF <\/strong>M.H. <strong>2013. Qualitative and quantitative determination of lignin in different types of Iraqi Phoenix dactylifera Date palm pruning woods.<\/strong> In Journal of Natural Sciences Research\u00a0Vol.3, No.6, 2013 (71-77). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iiste.org\/Journals\/index.php\/JNSR\/article\/view\/5713\/5840\">http:\/\/www.iiste.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABEDI<\/strong> A., <strong>PARVIZ <\/strong>M., <strong>KARIMIAN <\/strong>S.M., <strong>RODSARI <\/strong>H.R.S. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Aphrodisiac Activity of Aqueous Extract of Phoenix dactylifera Pollen in Male Rats.<\/strong> In\u00a0: Advances in Sexual Medicine, 2013, 3, 28-34. Link: \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=27144\">www.scirp.org\/journal\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AGBON, KWANASHIE, HAMMAN, SAMBO 2013. Toxicological Evaluation of Oral Administration of Phoenix dactylifera L. Fruit Extract on the Histology of the Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rats. <\/strong>In: International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 6(4): 122-129, 2014. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Abstract: Various parts of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) are used in traditional medicine to treat various disorders such as fever, abdominal troubles, etc., in different parts of the world. A preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera (AFPD) revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and carbohydrates. This study was designed to investigate the effects of oral administration of AFPD on the histology of the liver and kidney in Wistar rats. Thirty-nine Wistar rats were divided into two groups-control (three rats) and treatment (thirty-six rats). The animals in experimental group were further categorised for two phase study (eighteen rats divided into three groups; six rats\/group for each phase). In the first phase, the three groups (A, B and C) were administered AFPD (10, 100 and 1000 mg\/kg, oral, respectively). In the second phase, the three groups (D, E and F) were administered AFPD (1600, 2900 and 5000 mg\/kg, oral, respectively). In both phases, after 24 h of AFPD administration, three rats of the six in each group were sacrificed and the other three sacrificed after 21 days. Histopathological examinations of liver and kidney sections of the experimental animals were compared with the control. No mortality or signs of toxicity was observed in the experimental animals upon administration of AFPD, even at doses as high as 5000 mg\/kg, which was confirmed by mild pathological changes with remarkable recovery after 21 days. This result demonstrates that the LD 50 of AFPD is greater than 5000 mg\/kg and is relatively safe.\" href=\"http:\/\/maxwellsci.com\/print\/ijava\/v6-122-129.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maxwellsci.com<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AGBON<\/strong> A.N., <strong>KWANESHIE<\/strong> H.O.<strong>, HAMMAN<\/strong> W.O. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Antidiarrheal Activity of Aqueous Fruit Extract of <\/strong><em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em><strong> (DATE PALM) in Wistar Rats.\u00a0<\/strong> British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology,\u00a04(3):\u00a0121-127. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/maxwellsci.com\/print\/bjpt\/v4-121-127.pdf\">maxwellsci.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AHMED<\/strong> T.A., <strong>AL-HADIDI<\/strong> S.H., <strong>AL-QARADAWI<\/strong> A.Y.<strong>, RADWAN<\/strong> O. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Determination of inter- and intra-specific genetic variations among Qatari date palm cultivars using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.<\/strong> In African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(19), pp. 2540-2546, 8 May, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/ajb\/PDF\/pdf2013\/8May\/Ahmed%20et%20al.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-DAWSARY<\/strong> M.M.S. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Sensory receptors on abdominal and thorax segments in male and female red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. <\/strong>In\u00a0: Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2013, 4(1): 23-32. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scihub.org\/ABJNA\/PDF\/2013\/1\/ABJNA-4-1-23-32.pdf\">http:\/\/www.scihub.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ALEXANDRE F. 2013. Oasis insulaires dans la mondialisation. Les ribeiras des \u00eeles du Cap Vert, des espaces fragment\u00e9s et fragiles en voie de marginalisation. <\/strong>In: Colloque \u201dOasis dans la mondialisation : ruptures et continuit\u00e9s\u201d, Dec 2013, Paris, France. pp.71-81. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. The Cape Verde islands lived cowered in microcosms as if turning their backs to their coasts, particularly in the XX th century, during the long retrenchment era of Salazar\u2019s days. On islands where aridity increases, from the wetter climate of the mountainous interior, to the coasts, the Cape Verdean oases, constituted by the downstream parts of the valleys, the ribeiras, appear as small, very fragmented areas where, nevertheless, a more performing and less dependent on climatic hazards form of agriculture is possible. For some twenty years, the republic of Cape Verde has joined the global world, which led to a spatial re- organization where the agricultural ribeiras stand on the side-lines. At the same time, on the Boa Vista Island and its neighbour Sal, beach resorts increase in numbers, like as many \u201cneo-oases\u201d that were created ex nihilo.\" href=\"https:\/\/hal.inria.fr\/file\/index\/docid\/1024625\/filename\/Oasis8_Alexandre.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hal.inria.fr<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-HAZZANI AA, SHEHATA AI, RIZWANA H, MOUBAYED NMS, ALSHATWI AA, MUNSHI A, ELGAALY G 2013. Postharvest fruit spoilage bacteria and fungi associated with date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) from Saudi Arabia<\/strong>. In: African Journal of Microbiology Research. Vol. 8(11), pp. 1228-1236, 12 March, 2014. Link: <a title=\"Date fruits are consumed as traditional and ideal food in Saudi Arabia. It provides a wide range of essential nutrients and potential health benefits. Twelve most consumed varieties of date fruits and their seeds available in the open markets of Riyadh, Medina and Kharj were screened for the presence of bacteria and fungi. Our study reveals that these fruits carry a heavy load of both fungal and bacterial pathogens. The variety Sukhari was found to be the most contaminant fruit with fungi while the bacterial contamination was highest in the variety Mabroon. The Genus Aspergillus was represented by seven species, amongst which Aspergillus niger was the most predominant fungi. Potential pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated besides six species of the genus Bacillus. Fruits were more contaminated than their seeds.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/article\/article1393609160_Al%20Hazzani%20et%20al.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">academicjournals.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-MSSALLEM et alii 2013. Genome sequence of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L.<\/strong> Nature Communications 4, Article number 2274. Published 06 August 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ncomms\/2013\/130806\/ncomms3274\/full\/ncomms3274.html\">http:\/\/www.nature.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-ORF SM, AHMED MHM, AL-ATWAI N, AL-ZAIDI H, DEHWAH A, DEHWAH S 2012. Review. Nutritional Properties and Benefits of the Date Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.).<\/strong> In: Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt. June. 2012 (39). Link: <a title=\"Phoenix dactylifera L. is known as the date palm. The Phoenix dactylifera L.  is  a  monocotyledonous woody  perennial  belonging  to  the  Arecaceae family.  Fruits  are  rich  sources  of  carbohydrates,  dietary  fibers,  certain essential   vitamins   and   minerals.   Phytochemical   investigations   have revealed   that   the   fruits   contain   anthocyanins,   phenolics,   sterols,   carotenoids, procyanidins  and  flavonoids,  compounds  known  to  possess  multiple  beneficial effects. Date pits are also an excellent source of dietary fiber and contain considerable amounts of minerals, lipids and protein. In addition to its dietary use, the dates are of medicinal  use  and  are  used  to  treat  a  variety  of  ailments  in  the  various  traditional systems of medicine. Preclinical studies have shown that the date fruits possess free radical  scavenging,  antioxidant,  antimutagenic,  antimicrobial,  anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anticancer and immunostimulant activities. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemistry and validated pharmacological properties of date fruits and the seeds.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.med-diet.eu\/download\/60.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.med-diet.eu\/download\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ALTURKI S.M., SHEATA W. F., ALDAEJ M.I. 2013. Influence of Nutrient Medium on Antioxidants Production of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars in vitro. <\/strong>Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2013. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/docsdrive.com\/pdfs\/ansinet\/ajps\/0000\/55891-55891.pdf\">http:\/\/docsdrive.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-TURKUSTANI<\/strong> Aisha M., <strong>AL-SAWAT<\/strong> Reem M., <strong>AL-HASSANI<\/strong> Reem H., <strong>AL-GHAMDI<\/strong> Nouf S., <strong>AL-HARBI<\/strong> Eman M., <strong>AL-GAMDI<\/strong> Maryam A., <strong>AL-SOLMI<\/strong> Samahir A. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Corrosion behaviour of mild steel in acidic solution using the aqueous seed extract of Phoenix dactylifera L (Date seeds).<\/strong> In Journal of Chemica Acta 2(2013) 53-61. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jchemacta.com\/index.php\/jchemacta\/article\/download\/56\/pdf\">http:\/\/www.jchemacta.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-YASIRI<\/strong> T.H.J, <strong>MOHAMMED<\/strong> M.F., <strong>ALKHILANI <\/strong>F.M.H. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Effect of addition different levels of dates flesh (phoenix Dactylipheral) to ration contain probiotic on broiler chickens Performance reared under heat stress.<\/strong> In I.J.A.B.R, VOL. 3(2) 2013: 306-311. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scienceandnature.org\/IJABR_Vol3%282%292013\/IJABR_V3%282%2934.pdf\">http:\/\/www.scienceandnature.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ATTAHA A.H.M.,<\/strong> <strong>MHODER<\/strong> <strong>T.Y., ABD<\/strong> <strong>A.K.M.<\/strong> <strong>2013. Protein Pattern of Phoenix dactylifera Seeded Strains Grown in Basrah Region Using Cluster and Principal Component Analysis.<\/strong> Journal of Plant Studies,\u00a0Vol 2, No 2 (2013). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccsenet.org\/journal\/index.php\/jps\/article\/view\/29333\/17453\">http:\/\/www.ccsenet.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AZAD M. A. K., AREFIN H., HOSSAIN A. 2013. In vitro Morphogenesis of Arabian Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.).<\/strong> In: Plant Tissue Cult. &amp; Biotech. 23(2): 211\u2010219, 2013\u00a0 (December) Link: <a title=\"Abstract. After inoculation of young leaves of date palm offshoot required about six months to complete the morphogenesis process. Fourteen weeks were required for embryogenic callus formation under continuous dark condition and nine weeks for shoot initiation (under 16\/8 h light\/dark). The highest number of explants (80%) produced callus in modified MS containing 5 mg\/l 2,4\u2010D + 2 mg\/l 2ip. Sixty per cent of explants produced callus in the modified medium containing 5 mg\/l 2,4\u2010D + 5 mg\/l NAA. While only 50 per cent of the explants formed callus in the same medium when supplemented with only 5 mg\/l 2,4\u2010D. The induced calli were transferred to modified MS for shoot proliferation. A combination of two cytokines showed better performance than single ones in shoot induction. The highest percentage (70) of shoot developed in modified MS containing 2 mg\/l BAP + 1 mg\/l Kn. Forty per cent shoot induction was found in the same medium supplemented with 2 mg\/l of BAP. Thirty per cent shoot formed in MS containing 1 mg\/l of Kn. The shoots were subcultured at three\u2010 four week intervals throughout culture duration.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.baptcb.org\/ptc\/Full_article\/ptc23_2_08.pdf\">http:\/\/www.baptcb.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BABIKER M.E., A. RASHID A.A., HEIKAL M., YUSUP S., ABAKAR M. 2013. Pyrolysis Characteristics of Phoenix Dactylifera Date Palm Seeds Using Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA).<\/strong> In: International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 4, No. 5, October 2013. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Mass losses of Phoenix dactylifera date palm seeds (DPSs)  were  measured  using  a  thermo-gravimetric  analyzer (TGA).  Six-milligram-sample  of  six  varieties  of  DPSs  were pyrolyzed  in  an  inert  condition  (argon  atmosphere)  with  a constant  flow  rate  of  100  ml\/min  for  the  entire  range  of experiments.    The    experiments    were    conducted    under non-isothermal  conditions  and  at  a  heating  rate  of  20\u00b0C\/min until   the   furnace   wall   temperature   reached   900\u00b0C.   The moisture (M), ash (ASH), volatile matter (VM) and fixed carbon (FC)  of  the  selected  date  seeds  were  determined  by  means  of proximate  analysis.  The  weight  percentages  of  carbon  (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and atomic ratios  (H\/C  and  O\/C)  were  determined  through  the  ultimate analysis. The heating value, bulk and particle density of DPSs were    also    measured    using    a    bomb    calorimeter    and ultra-pycnometer,  respectively.  The  yield  of  the  liquids  was obtained by subtracting the total gaseous mass from the DTG data. The experiments demonstrated that there were significant differences in physiochemical properties of selected DPSs. The findings   also   revealed   that   DPSs   contain   much   volatile compounds. DPSs energy densities were found to be among the high-quality biological feedstocks.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ijesd.org\/papers\/406-L00024.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ijesd.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BALLARDINI M, MERCURI A, LITTARDI C, ABBAS S, COUDERC M, LUDE\u00d1A B, PINTAUD JC 2013. The chloroplast DNA locus\u00a0<em>psbZ-trnfM<\/em>\u00a0as a potential barcode marker in\u00a0<em>Phoenix<\/em>\u00a0L. (Arecaceae).<\/strong> In: Nagy ZT, Backeljau T, De Meyer M, Jordaens K (Eds) DNA barcoding: a practical tool for fundamental and applied biodiversity research. ZooKeys 365: 71\u201382. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The genus Phoenix (Arecaceae) comprises 14 species distributed from Cape Verde Islands to SE Asia. It includes the economically important species Phoenix dactylifera. The paucity of differential morphological and anatomical useful characters, and interspecific hybridization, make identification of Phoenix species difficult. In this context, the development of reliable DNA markers for species and hybrid identification would be of great utility. Previous studies identified a 12 bp polymorphic chloroplast minisatellite in the trnG (GCC)-trnfM (CAU) spacer, and showed its potential for species identification in Phoenix. In this work, in order to develop an efficient DNA barcode marker for Phoenix, a longer cpDNA region (700 bp) comprising the mentioned minisatellite, and located between the psbZ and trnfM (CAU) genes, was sequenced. One hundred and thirty-six individuals, representing all Phoenix species except P. andamanensis, were analysed. The minisatellite showed 2-7 repetitions of the 12 bp motif, with 1-3 out of seven haplotypes per species. Phoenix reclinata and P. canariensis had species-specific haplotypes. Additional polymorphisms were found in the flanking regions of the minisatellite, including substitutions, indels and homopolymers. All this information allowed us to identify unambiguously eight out of the 13 species, and overall 80% of the individuals sampled. Phoenix rupicola and P. theophrastihad the same haplotype, and so had P. atlantica, P. dactylifera, and P. sylvestris (the \u201cdate palm complex\u201d sensu Pintaud et al. 2013). For these species, additional molecular markers will be required for their unambiguous identification. The psbZ-trnfM (CAU) region therefore could be considered as a good basis for the establishment of a DNA barcoding system inPhoenix, and is potentially useful for the identification of the female parent in Phoenix hybrids.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pensoft.net\/inc\/journals\/download.php?fileId=7664&amp;fileTable=J_GALLEYS\">http:\/\/www.pensoft.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BHUSARI, S. I., DESAI, V. D., NALAVADE, M. L., WADKAR, S. S., GHOSH, J. S. 2013. Fermentation and characterization of wine from fruits of Phoenix dactylifera, using Saccharomyces cerevisae NCIM 3495.<\/strong> In: International Food Research Journal 20(6): 3411-3415 (2013). Link\u00a0: <a title=\"Abstract. Dates i.e. fruits of Phoenix dactylifera, have tremendous nutraceutical properties. These are rich in minerals, assimilable sugars, water soluble vitamins and fibers. The fruits are consumed to regain vitality which may be lost due to overexertion like in case of field laborers mostly in tropical countries. It can be used to treat spleen disorders since it is rich in iron and antioxidants. In this study wine from dates was prepared using Saccharomyces cerevisae NCIM 3495. The incubation was carried for 21 days at 12o C and further 8 days at 28o C. The wine has Radical Scavenging Activity of 74.53% and assimilable iron as 40%. It was free from fuselols like amyl alcohol, thus avoiding bottle ageing. The sensory values show good acceptability to discriminating consumers. If consumed moderately (like all wines) it serves as a prophylactic measure for many oncogenic diseases as well as for circulatory disorders like arteriosclerosis. Since the wine has a phenolic and flavonoid content of 16 mg\/ml, which can have good immunostimulatory effect.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/20%20%2806%29%202013\/62%20IFRJ%2020%20%2806%29%202013%20Rohman%20Ghosh%20375.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>CARR<\/strong> M.K.V. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>The water relations and\u00a0 irrigation requirements of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). A\u00a0 review.<\/strong> Expl Agric. (2013), volume 49 (1), pp. 91\u2013113. Cambridge University Press 2012. Link: <a title=\"Summary ; Date palm is a crop suited to hot, arid regions. It originated in Mesopotamia and the centres of production are in West Asia and North Africa. Despite its regional and international importance, and its dependence on irrigation or a shallow water table for survival, relatively little research has been published on the water relations and irrigation need of date palm. Following early work in California, the majority of the recent research reported in the literature has been conducted in Saudi Arabia and Tunisia. The date palm has a terminal crown of 100\u2013120 leaves. At the base of each leaf is an axillary bud, most of which develop in the winter as \ufb02ower buds. It takes 150\u2013200 days from pollination to fruit maturity. Stomata occur on both leaf surfaces. Different techniques have been used to measure the water use of date palm, including micrometeorological and sap \ufb02ow methods. In Syria, mean actual evapotranspiration rates varied between 0.5 mm d \u2212 1 (winter) and 3.5 mm d \u2212 1 (summer), in Saudi Arabia from 2\u20133 to 8\u201311 mm d \u2013 1 depending on location and in Jordan from 2 to 8\u201310 mm d \u2013 1 respectively. In Tunisia, there was some (limited) evidence of stomatal control of transpiration rates (seasonal range 0.5 to 3.5 mm d \u2212 1) when temperatures exceeded 32\u25e6 C. Experimentally determined values of the crop coef\ufb01cient were inconsistent, varying from 0.6\u20130.7 to 1.18. In the vicinity of an oasis, advection may increase potential water use substantially above that of a reference crop. In the absence of a shallow water table, roots can extract water from soil depths greater than 2 m. There is little published information on the water productivity of date palm. A target benchmark \ufb01gure is probably about 1.3-kg fresh fruit m \u2013 3 of irrigation water applied. Under controlled conditions, phenotypes differed in their responses to water stress. The date palm is traditionally considered to be relatively salt-tolerant, with a threshold electrical conductivity value for the saturated soil extract of 4.0 dS m \u2013 1 , but recent evidence from Israel suggests that this view may be mistaken. Since early times,  \ufb02ood irrigation has been used to irrigate date palm and it is still probably the most common method in many countries. Since the 1980s, farmers have been encouraged by governments to use localised irrigation methods (e.g. micro-sprinklers, drip and bubbler) as a means of saving water. Since water is a scarce resource in the West Asia and North Africa region, research should focus on developing ways to improve the water productivity of this high value crop.\" href=\"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/download.php?file=%2FEAG%2FEAG49_01%2FS0014479712000993a.pdf&amp;code=60285315f6895330e051a6bcc1b17fc3\">http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DAFALLA<\/strong> M.S, <strong>IBRAHIM<\/strong> S.I., <strong>HAGO<\/strong> M.A.M., <strong>IBRAHIM<\/strong> M.M.M, <strong>ELHAG<\/strong> A.M.H <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Mapping and Assessment of Land Use-Land Cover Using Remote Sensing and GIS. Case study Potential Area for Dates Palm in Al-Qassim Region, Central Saudi Arabia.<\/strong> In International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013 (5p.). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ijsrp.org\/research-paper-0413\/ijsrp-p1677.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ijsrp.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DAKHLAOUI-DKHIL<\/strong> S., <strong>COQUET<\/strong> L., <strong>COSETTE<\/strong> P., <strong>ELKAHOUI<\/strong> S., <strong>CHAN TCHI SONG<\/strong> P., <strong>VAUDRY<\/strong> D., <strong>HANNACHI<\/strong> A.S., <strong>TRIFI<\/strong> N., <strong>LIMAM<\/strong> F., <strong>JOUENNE<\/strong> T. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaf proteome. Identification of a gender biomarker to screen male parents<\/strong>. In POJ 6(1):18-23 (2013). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pomics.com\/dkhil_6_1_2013_18_23.pdf\">http:\/\/www.pomics.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DAMANKESHAN B., PANAHI B. 2013. A comparative study on the growth characteristics of offshoot and tissue culture propagated palm trees in orchards<\/strong>. Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol., 5 (19), 2221-2228, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/2221-2228.pdf\">http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DAMANKESHAN<\/strong> B. <strong>PANAHI<\/strong> B. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Evaluation of the effects of bunch thinning methods on drying blossom of date palm disorder in two stages of pollination and kimri.<\/strong> In Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. Vol., 4 (6), 1514-1516, 2013\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.irjabs.com\/files_site\/paperlist\/r_847_130514111803.pdf\">http:\/\/www.irjabs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DASH <\/strong>S.S., <strong>SIKDER <\/strong>A. K., <strong>BAG <\/strong>B.G.l , <strong>BANDYOPADHYAY <\/strong>S. <strong>2013<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>Phoenix dactylifera Seed Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and its Application as a Catalyst for the Reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol.<\/strong> International Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 2013; 3(2): 42-46. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The seed extract of Phoenix dactylifera was utilized for the one step synthesis of gold nanoparticles at room temperature.  The phytochemicals present in the seed extract act as the reducing agent for Au(III) and stabilizers for the synthesized gold nanoparticles.    The  synthesis  of  gold  nano  particles  of  10-15  nm  size  was  complete  in  several  minutes  and  no  photo irradiation  or  heat  treatment  was  necessary.    The  stabilized  gold  nanoparticles  were  characterized  by  Surface  Plasmon Resonance spectroscopy, HRTEM, X-Ray diffraction and FTIR studies.  The synthesized gold nanoparticles were utilized as a catalyst for the sodium borohydride reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. \" href=\"http:\/\/urpjournals.com\/tocjnls\/20_13v3i2_4.pdf\">http:\/\/urpjournals.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DEFFAIRI<\/strong> D., <strong>AMIRI<\/strong> S., <strong>RABHALLAH<\/strong> M. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Study of the Hygienic Quality, Physico-Chemical and Biochemical of Dried Dates \u00ab\u00a0Degla-Baidha\u00a0\u00bb For Obtaining the Vinegar Through the Application of Industrial Methods.<\/strong> In Akademik Platform (820-833) XXII \u00e8mes Journ\u00e9es Nationales de Biologie, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Sciences Naturelles de Tunisie 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/isites2013.com\/ISITES2013\/papers\/B2-ISITES13173.pdf\">http:\/\/isites2013.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DEMIRCI B., TSIKOLIA M., BERNIER U.R., AGRAMONTE N. M., ALQASOUMI S. I., AL-YAHYA M. A., AL-REHAILY A.J., YUSUFOGLU H. S., DEMIRCI F., CAN BASER K. H., KHAN I. A , TABANCA N. 2013. Phoenix dactylifera L. spathe essential oil. Chemical composition and repellent activity against the yellow fever mosquito<\/strong>. In\u00a0: Acta Tropica 128 (2013) 557\u2013560. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecaceae), grows commonly in the Arabian Peninsula and is tradition-ally used to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify chemical composition ofthe essential oil and to investigate the repellent activity. The essential oil of P. dactylifera was obtained byhydrodistillation from the spathe, a specialized leaf structure that surrounds the pollinating organs of thepalm. The oil was subsequently analyzed by GC\u2013FID and GC\u2013MS. The oil showed promising repellent activ-ity against yellow fever mosquito \u2013 Aedes aegypti. Sixteen components were characterized, constituting99% of the oil. The main components were 3,4-dimethoxytoluene (73.5%), 2,4-dimethoxytoluene (9.5%),-caryophyllene (5.5%), p-cresyl methyl ether (3.8%), and caryophyllene oxide (2.4%). The minimumeffective dosage (MED) for repellency for the P. dactylifera oil was 0.051 mg\/cm 2 , which had moderatelylower potency compared to reference standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, DEET (0.018 mg\/cm 2 )in  the  \u201ccloth  patch  assay\u201d.  The  \ufb01ve  major  compounds  were  individually  assayed  for  repellency  todetermine to what extent each is responsible for repellency from the oil. 3,4-Dimethoxytoluene and2,4-dimethoxytoluene showed the best repellent activity with the same MED value of 0.063 mg\/cm 2 ,respectively. The results indicate that these two constituents which comprise a large proportion of theP. dactylifera oil (83%) are likely responsible for the observed repellent activity. In this aspect, the P.dactylifera spathe oil is a sustainable, promising new source of natural repellents.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afpmb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pubs\/dwfp\/publications\/FY13\/Demirci%2610%26Tabanca,2013.pdf\">http:\/\/www.afpmb.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DJOUDI I. 2013. Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019identification et \u00e0 la caract\u00e9risation de quelques accessions du palmier dattier (Phoenix Dactylifera.l) dans la r\u00e9gion de Biskra. <\/strong>In: Universit\u00e9 Mohamed Kheider Biskra, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Exactes et Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie (m\u00e9moire de magister en sciences agronomiques), 141p. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Le caract\u00e8re dio\u00efque du palmier dattier a eu pour cons\u00e9quence une grande variabilit\u00e9 lorsqu\u2019il est multipli\u00e9 par semis. La diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du palmier dattier a permis la s\u00e9lection d\u2019un grand nombre de clones ayant des caract\u00e9ristiques morphologiques et physiologiques diff\u00e9rentes. Ainsi, les pays phoenicicoles poss\u00e8dent un patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique extr\u00eamement riche. Pour pouvoir \u00e9tudier cette richesse, il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019en distinguer deux formes : le patrimoine li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019existence de millions de palmiers dattiers hybrides provenant de semis de graines et le patrimoine \u00ab vari\u00e9tal \u00bb provenant de la reproduction v\u00e9g\u00e9tative. En effet, le nombre de cultivars de palmier dattier recens\u00e9s est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 500 en Irak, 400 en Iran, 300 en Libye, 223 au Maroc et presque 250 en Tunisie. L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie dispose d\u2019un important potentiel phoenicicole, avec son millier de cultivars inventori\u00e9s (Hannachi et al.,1998).\" href=\"http:\/\/thesis.univ-biskra.dz\/40\/1\/agro_m1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thesis.univ-biskra.dz<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DORRIA<\/strong>, M. A., N.E. <strong>ASHOUR<\/strong>, E.A.M. <strong>MOSTAFA<\/strong>, M.M.S. <strong>SALEH <\/strong>AND H.S.A. <strong>HASSAN 2012<\/strong>. <strong>Yield and fruit quality of Amhat date palms as affected by spraying some vitamins.<\/strong> In\u00a0: Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(10): 4922-4926, 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/234004782_Yield_and_fruit_quality_of_Amhat_date_palms_as_affected_by_spraying_some_vitamins\">http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EDDINE<\/strong> L.S., <strong>LADJEL<\/strong> S., <strong>RIDHA<\/strong> O.M. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>A comparative study of the antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of leaves extract between three varieties of date palm tree.<\/strong> In International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 9(2) (2013) 162-171. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilcpa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/ILCPA-92-2013-162-171.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ilcpa.pl\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EL-ASHRY A.A., SHALTOUT A.D., EL-BAHR M.K., EL HAMID A., M.A. MATTER, BEKHEET S.A. 2013. In vitro preservation of embryogenic cultures of two Egyptian dry date palm cultivars at darkness and low temperature conditions. <\/strong>In\u00a0: Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(3): 1985-1992, 2013. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. This study aimed to investigate the effect of low temperature (5\u00b0C) and darkness conditions on preservation of embryogenic cultures of Bartamoda and Sakkoty date palm cultivars. In vitro cultures of those cultivars were obtained by culturing shoot tips excised from offshoots. Embryogenic cultures were proliferated on MS medium supplemented with 10 mg\/ l 2,4-D + 3 mg\/l 2iP. For low temperature preservation, cultures of the two cultivars were incubated at 5\u00b0C for twelve months. Generally, survival percentage was decreased as storage period increased in both two cultivars. After twelve months Sakkoty registered 88. 8 % and Bartamoda registered 87.7 % of survival with considerable browning specially with Bartamoda cultivar. At low temperature, rate of the new proliferated cultures of the two cultivars was decreased as increasing of storage period. Also, the effect of preservation in complete dark at room temperature conditions was investigated. It was found that survival percentage significantly declined after twelve months of preservation. Sakkoty registered high percentage of survival compared with Bartamoda cultivar. It was found that dark condition had negative effects on proliferation of embryogenic cultures in both two cultivars of date palm. Genetic stability was tested using RAPD - PCR analysis. PCR products revealed that the persevered cultures were relatively genetically stable. Bartamoda gave high similarity compared with sakkoty cultivar\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/jasr\/jasr\/2013\/1985-1992.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EL-JUHANY <\/strong>L.I., <strong>AL-HARBY<\/strong> A.A. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Status and Diversity of Ornamental Plants in King Saud University Campus at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.<\/strong> In American-Eurasian J. Agric. &amp; Environ. Sci., 13 (4): 471-478, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/aejaes\/jaes13%284%2913\/7.pdf\">http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EL-SAEID<\/strong> M. H., <strong>AL-WABEL<\/strong> M. I., <strong>AL-FARRAJ<\/strong> A.S., <strong>EL-NAGGAR<\/strong> A.H., <strong>ZAHEER <\/strong>A. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Monitoring of Organic Contaminants in Soil by MAE and EIGC-MS.<\/strong> In: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol.17 (1) January (2013), 27-33. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chemenviron.net\/chemistry_back_issue\/chem_2013_1\/5.pdf\">http:\/\/www.chemenviron.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ELWALEED<\/strong> AK, <strong>NIKABDULLAH<\/strong> N, <strong>NOR<\/strong> MJM, <strong>TAHIR<\/strong> MFM, <strong>ZULKIFLI<\/strong> R <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Experimental investigation of sound absorption properties of perforated date palm fibers panel.<\/strong> In IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 46 (2013), 9p. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/1757-899X\/46\/1\/012027\/pdf\/1757-899X_46_1_012027.pdf\">http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ESKANDARI<\/strong> H., <strong>JALAL <\/strong>A. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Agriculture Landscape in the Holy Quran.<\/strong> In\u00a0: International journal of Agronomy and Plant Production.\u00a0 Vol., 4 (2), 232-235, 2013. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/ijappjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/1\/232-235.doc.pdf\">http:\/\/ijappjournal.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ESMAEILIFAR<\/strong> A. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Study on mychorhizal symbiosis with date palm on stability and vegetative growth traits.<\/strong> In\u00a0: International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, Vol., 5 (2), 160-167, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/160-167.pdf\">http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EZEBILO<\/strong> E.E., <strong>ELSAFI <\/strong>M., <strong>GARKAVA-GUSTAVSSON<\/strong> L. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>On-Farm Diversity of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) in Sudan. A Potential Genetic Resources Conservation Strategy.<\/strong> In\u00a0: Sustainability 2013, 5, 338-356. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/5\/1\/338\/pdf\">http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>FATMAH H 2013. Effect of Tempeh Dates Biscuits on Nutritional Status of Preschool Children with Tuberculosis.<\/strong> In: Mal J Nutr 19(2): 173 \u2013 184, 2013. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Preschool children with tuberculosis (TB) often experience weight loss. Previously, underweight childrenhave been given a supplement of soy protein biscuits made from tempeh. However, the efficacy of tempeh dates biscuits on nutritional status on underweight TB children has not been previously done. This study aimed to assess the effects of tempeh dates biscuit supplementation on the nutritional status of underweight TB children. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted on 41 subjects from the intervention group (tempeh dates biscuit) and control groups (tempeh and placebo biscuits). Parameters such as anthropometric data, hemoglobin, albumin, and macromicronutrients intake were analysed before and after the intervention. Results: The three groups showed significant difference in weight, height, and albumin, except for hemoglobin, after six weeks. Tremendous weight and height gain was shown by the tempeh biscuit group (1 kg) and the placebo biscuit group (3.5 cm). The biggest positive change in nutritional status (weight for age) was recorded by the tempeh group (0.5 points). Hemoglobin level was increased by 0.4 point in the intervention group. The mean for blood albumin levels increased by 0.1 point among the intervention and the control groups. Conclusion: Although no evidence was found of a large gain in weight and height in the intervention group, the inclusion of the tempeh dates biscuits in the diet was able to increase hemoglobin level compared with the control group. A similar study in anemic children is necessary to assess the effect of tempeh dates biscuits on hemoglobin changes.\" href=\"http:\/\/nutriweb.org.my\/publications\/mjn0019_2\/3Fatimah%20_396%28edSP%29%28RV%29SP.pdf\">http:\/\/nutriweb.org.my\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>FERCHICHI<\/strong> A., <strong>SGHAIROUN <\/strong>M.<strong> 2013. Composting of date palm frond in southern Tunisia.<\/strong> Sky Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, Vol. 2(5), pp. 43 \u2013 46, July, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/skyjournals.org\/SJSSEM\/pdf\/2013pdf\/May\/Etana%20et%20al%20pdf.pdf\">http:\/\/skyjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GARBA <\/strong>L., <strong>YUSHA\u2019U <\/strong>M.,<strong> YERIMA<\/strong> A.<strong> 2013. Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Phoenix dactylifera Leaves against some Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates.<\/strong> Greener Journal of\u00a0 Biological Sciences Vol. 3 (6), pp. 238-243, August 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gjournals.org\/GJBS\/GJBS%20PDF\/2013\/August\/072913760%20Garba%20et%20al.pdf\">http:\/\/www.gjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GHIABA Z., YOUSFI M., HADJADJ M., SAIDI M., DAKMOUCHE M. 2013. Study of Antioxidant Properties of Five Algerian Date (Phoenix dactylifera L) Cultivars by Cyclic Voltammetric Technique. <\/strong>In: Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9 (2014) 909 \u2013 920. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) is well known for its innumerable health benefits and nutritional values. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the total phenolic content in five date palm fruit (DPF) varieties, Degla Baidha (DB), Deglet Nour (DN), Ghars (Gh), Tamjhourt (Tam), and Tafezauine (Taf), from the Ouargla region (Algeria), extracted with aqueous methanol (80%) and to evaluate in vitro their antioxidative properties by cyclic voltammetry technique (CV) in aprotic media. Consequently, the total polyphenol contents (TPC) of these extracts will be measured using Folin Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. Total phenolic content ranged from 5.9 to 23.05 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE\/100g). Thereafter, the voltammetric response of the electrochemically gener- ated superoxide anion radical in DMF was monitored in the absence and presence of the DPF extracts. The decrease in the current was interpreted in terms of antiradical activity of the added extract. Effective scavenging concentration (IC50) on superoxide anion radical ranged from 33.17-85.23mg\/l, the IC50 values decreased in the order of Taf\uf03eGh\uf03eDB\uf03eTam\uf03eDN. Finally, the use of DPF extracts for protection against oxidative stress has been recommended.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.univ-ouargla.dz\/Documents\/Publications%20Sientifiques\/articale%20GHiaba%20zineb2014.pdf\">http:\/\/www.univ-ouargla.dz\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GOURCHALA <\/strong>F.,<strong> HENCHIRI <\/strong>C. <strong>2013. Study of the effect of dates on blood glucose and lipid profile in healthy human subjects.<\/strong> International Journal Of Pharmaceutical, Chemical And Biological Sciences,\u00a0 2013, 3(3), 826-833. Link<strong>:<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ijpcbs.com\/files\/50-3168.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ijpcbs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GROS BALTHARD M. 2013. Hybridization in the genus Phoenix. A review. <\/strong>In: \u00a0Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (11): 831-842. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The genus Phoenix is composed of 14 species naturally distributed in the Old World. This genus comprises the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., cultivated for its fruits, the dates, while other species are grown for food, ornament and religious purposes. Phoenix species were, for these reasons, spread out of their natural distribution area. It is therefore common to find species not naturally sympatric, growing together, in cultivation or in the wild. Phoenix species are interfertile and crossing distinct species leads to fertile hybrid offspring (interspecific hybridization). The introduction of a species in the wild generates gene flows leading to the creation of new hybrids and has conservation implications. In cultivation, such crossings may be spontaneous or are the result of artificial pollination, as several reasons impel doing so. Crossing gives rise to beautiful hybrids and is also useful for the conservation of old palm groves threatened by pests. Moreover, artificial pollination of date palms using another Phoenix species can be of interest given the metaxenic pollen effects. In addition, this process may have some potential benefits in date palm improvements, by the creation of hybrid cultivars. Thus, an increasing need of hybrid detection and characterization exists, particularly as morphology alone is not sufficient for this task. Besides new methods such as traditional and geometric morphometrics that may bring new clues, the advent of genetic and molecular markers helps to detect hybrids, especially based on the combination of nuclear and chloroplastic data. The application of methods such as near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy is currently under examination to estimate their potential use for hybrid characterization.\" href=\"http:\/\/ejfa.info\/index.php\/ejfa\/article\/viewFile\/16660\/8877\">http:\/\/ejfa.info\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAIDER M. S., KHAN I. A., NAQVI S. A., JASKANI M.J., KHAN R. W., NAFEES M., PASHA M. I. 2013. Fruit developmental stages effects on attributes in date palm. <\/strong>In: Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 50(4), 577-583; 2013. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Some date palm cultivars grown in Pakistan were biochemically characterized and the effect of fruit maturity on radical scavenging capacity (DPPH), total phenolic contents (TPC), specific activity of antioxidant enzymes, sugars profile and soluble protein contents was assessed. Higher range of differences in composition of studied phytochemicals was recorded among different cultivars. Antiradical efficiency (AE), TPC, antioxidant enzymes and soluble protein contents were recorded higher at khalal stage thereafter, declined at rutab then finally at tamar stage. The amount of glucose (11.32-32.50%) and fructose (10.95-32.41%) started accumulation from khalal stage and were in higher composition at tamar stage due to hydrolysis and inversion of sucrose (10.82-3.1%) contents. The results concluded that variation in biochemical attributes primarily influenced by type of cultivars and different fruit developmental stages. Keywords: Dates, fruit maturity, antioxidants, sugars, total phenolic contents\" href=\"http:\/\/pakjas.com.pk\/papers%5C2198.pdf\">http:\/\/pakjas.com.pk\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAMIDI<\/strong> <strong>R., SCHMIDT-BUESSER D., COUZI P., LHERMINIER B, KHFIF K., RENOU M., AVAND-FAGHIH A., ROCHAT D. 2013. Pi\u00e9geage olfactif du charan\u00e7on rouge du palmier : bases, bonnes pratiques, limites et perspectives. <\/strong>In: AFPP \u2013 3e conf\u00e9rence sur l\u2019entretien des espaces verts, jardins, gazons, for\u00eats, zones aquatiques et autres zones non agricoles, Toulouse \u2013 15, 16 et 17 octobre 2013, 11p. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Cet article est une synth\u00e8se critique sur le pi\u00e9geage olfactif du Charan\u00e7on Rouge du Palmier (CRP) \u00e0 l\u2019aide de ph\u00e9romone. Le CRP est le ravageur le plus destructif des dattiers et des palmiers d\u2019ornement dans la zone m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne et est esp\u00e8ce de quarantaine dans l\u2019UE. Le CRP poss\u00e8de un odorat tr\u00e8s sensible. Il est attir\u00e9 par l\u2019odeur \u00e9manant des palmiers et par une  ph\u00e9romone  d\u2019agr\u00e9gation  m\u00e2le.  On  peut  capturer  efficacement  les  CRP  \u00e0  l\u2019aide  de pi\u00e8ges  attractifs  \u00e9mettant  de  la  ph\u00e9romone  synth\u00e9tique,  de  l\u2019ac\u00e9tate d\u2019\u00e9thyle  et  une  odeur naturelle  produite  par  la  fermentation  de  tissus  v\u00e9g\u00e9taux  sucr\u00e9s,  dont  l\u2019association  est synergique. Cette technique est indispensable \u00e0 tout plan de gestion et d\u2019\u00e9radication du CRP pour d\u00e9tecter les adultes, localiser les palmiers infest\u00e9s et \u00e9liminer en masse l\u2019insecte. Les param\u00e8tres  cl\u00e9s  du  pi\u00e9geage,  ses  avantages,  ses  limites  et  les  pistes  de  recherche explor\u00e9es pour l\u2019am\u00e9liorer sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s et discut\u00e9s.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sauvonsnospalmiers.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/13_-_hamidi_rachid.pdf\">sauvonsnospalmiers.fr<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAMOUCHE <\/strong>L. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Palmiers de la capitale : une op\u00e9ration on\u00e9reuse aux contours flous. <\/strong>Alger, Monjournal, 19 ao\u00fbt 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.monjournaldz.com\/fr\/index.php\/dossiers\/3857-palmiers-de-la-capitale-une-op%C3%A9ration-on%C3%A9reuse-aux-contours-flous.html\">http:\/\/www.monjournaldz.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAMZA<\/strong> Hammadi, <strong>BEN ABEDERRAHIM<\/strong> Mohammed Ali, <strong>ELBEKKAY<\/strong> Mokhtar and <strong>FERCHICHI<\/strong> Ali <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Comparison of the effectiveness of ISSR and SSR markers in determination of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) agronomic traits.<\/strong> In AJCS 7(6):763-769 (2013). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cropj.com\/hamreza_7_6_2013_763_769.pdf\">http:\/\/www.cropj.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>IBRAHIM<\/strong> M.A., <strong>WAHEED<\/strong> A.M., <strong>AL-TAHA<\/strong> H.A. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Plantlet regeneration from root segments of Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee) producing by in vitro culture.<\/strong> In AAB Bioflux, 2013, Volume 5, Issue 1.(45-50). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aab.bioflux.com.ro\/docs\/2013.45-50.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aab.bioflux.com.ro\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KACEM-CHAOUCHE<\/strong> N., <strong>DEHIMAT <\/strong>L., <strong>MERAIHI <\/strong>Z., <strong>DESTAIN <\/strong>J., <strong>KAHLAT <\/strong>K.<strong>, THONART <\/strong>P. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Decomissioned dates. Chemical composition and fermentation substrate for the production of extracellular catalase by an Aspergillus phoenicis mutant.<\/strong> In\u00a0: Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2013, 4(1): 41-47. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scihub.org\/ABJNA\/PDF\/2013\/1\/ABJNA-4-1-41-47.pdf\">http:\/\/www.scihub.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KCHAOU<\/strong> W., <strong>ABBES<\/strong> F, <strong>BLECKER<\/strong> C, <strong>ATTIA<\/strong> H, <strong>BESBES<\/strong> S <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Effects of extraction solvents on phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Tunisian date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L).<\/strong> In Industrial Crops and Products 45 (2013) 262-269. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/orbi.ulg.ac.be\/bitstream\/2268\/144783\/1\/Effects%20of%20extraction%20solvents%20on%20phenolic%20contents%20and%20antioxidant%20activities%20of%20Tunisian%20date%20varieties%20%28Phoenix%20dactylifera%20L.%29%20-%201-s2.0-S0926669012006620-main.pdf\">http:\/\/orbi.ulg.ac.be\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KHIERALLAH<\/strong> H.S.M., <strong>HUSSEIN<\/strong> N.H. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>The role of coconut water and casein hydrolysate in somatic embryogenesis of date palm and genetic stability detection using RAPD markers.<\/strong> In Research in Biotechnology, 4(3): 20-28, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.researchinbiotechnology.com\/index.php\/rib\/article\/download\/119\/112\">http:\/\/www.researchinbiotechnology.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LAOUINI <\/strong>S.E., <strong>SEGNI <\/strong>L., <strong>OUAHRANI <\/strong>M.R., <strong>GHERRAF <\/strong>N.E., <strong>LATIF <\/strong>M.H.A., <strong>ABDULLAH <\/strong>H.M., <strong>AIYA <\/strong>H.G. <strong>2013. Milled Iraqi Phoenix Dactylifera Date Palm Pruning Woods Lignin Qualitative and Quantitative Determination. <\/strong>Chemical and Process Engineering Research, Vol.13, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iiste.org\/Journals\/index.php\/CPER\/article\/view\/6591\/6737\">http:\/\/www.iiste.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MAZRI <\/strong>M.A.<strong> 2013. Effect of Basal Medium, Explants Size and Density on the In Vitro Proliferation and Growth of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivar \u201816-bis\u2019.<\/strong> Notulae Scientia Biologicae, Vol 5, No 3 (2013). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/notulaebiologicae.ro\/index.php\/nsb\/article\/view\/9089\/7749\">http:\/\/notulaebiologicae.ro\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MOHEBBIFAR <\/strong>A.,<strong> HEIDARNEZHAD <\/strong>R.,<strong> KASHANI <\/strong>S.,<strong> TORKI <\/strong>M.<strong> 2013. Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Ground Pits of Date Palm (Phoenix) Supplemented With Enzyme on Productive Performance, Egg Quality Traits and Blood Parameters of Laying Hens.<\/strong> Annual Review &amp; Research in Biology, ISSN: 2231-4776, Vol.: 3, Issue.: 4 (October-December). Page 846-859. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedomain.org\/abstract.php?iid=239&amp;id=9&amp;aid=1824#.Ui2wiz8km8U\">http:\/\/www.sciencedomain.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MOKNI<\/strong> S. <strong>Z013<\/strong>. <strong>Evaluation of Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Ethanolic Extract for Selected Varieties of Phoenyx dactylifera.<\/strong> In: International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2013; 5(2); 79-83. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ijppr.com\/PDF%20all%20edtions%20IJPPR\/Vol5\/Issue2\/IJPPR,Vol5,Issue2,Article1.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ijppr.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MAJIDI<\/strong> M.<strong>, AKRAMI<\/strong> M.A. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Mites associated with the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Larestan (Fars province), southern Iran.<\/strong> In: Persian Journal of Acarology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 335\u2013339. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.acarology.ir\/Majidi%20and%20Akrami,%20Vol.%202,%20No.%202,%202013.pdf\">http:\/\/www.acarology.ir\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MILLER<\/strong> N.F. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Symbols of fertility and abundance in the Royal Cemetry at Ur Iraq. <\/strong>In: American Journal of Archaeology 117 (2013) 127\u201333. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ajaonline.org\/sites\/default\/files\/1171_Miller.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ajaonline.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MOAWAD<\/strong> S.S., <strong>AL-GHAMDI<\/strong> F. F. <strong>2013. Susceptibility of Some Dry Date Cultivars to Infestation by Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)\u00a0 (Coleoptera Silvanidae).<\/strong> In: American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3(3): 651-663, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedomain.org\/download.php?f=1368856377-Moawad3320103AJEA3181.pdf&amp;aid=1402\">http:\/\/www.sciencedomain.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MUSTAFA<\/strong> N.S., <strong>TAHA <\/strong>R.A.,<strong> HASSAN <\/strong>S.A.M.,<strong> ZAID <\/strong>N.S.M.,<strong> MUSTAFA <\/strong>E.A. <strong>2013. Overcoming Phenolic Accumulation of Date Palm In vitro Culture Using aTochopherol and Cold PreTreatment<\/strong>. In: Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 15 (3): 344-350, 2013. Link<strong>:<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/mejsr\/mejsr15%283%2913\/5.pdf\">http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NANDHAGOPAL<\/strong> K., <strong>KANNIYAKUMARI <\/strong>M., <strong>ANBU <\/strong>J., <strong>VELPANDIAN <\/strong>V. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Antidiabetic Activity Of Karchure Chooranam On\u00a0 Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats.<\/strong> In: Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2013 Jan; 4(1): 434 \u2013 439. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ijpbs.net\/vol-4\/issue-1\/pharma\/45.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ijpbs.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NEWTON<\/strong> C., <strong>GROS-BALTHAZARD<\/strong> M., <strong>IVORRA <\/strong>S., <strong>PARADIS <\/strong>L., <strong>PINTAUD <\/strong>J.-C., <strong>TERRAL <\/strong>J.-F <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Phoenix dactylifera and P. sylvestris in Northwestern India. A Glimpse of their Complex Relationships<\/strong>, in: PALMS Vol. 57(1), 37-50. Link: In press<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NEWTON C., WHITBREAD T., AGUT-LABORDERE D., WUTTMANN M. 2013. L\u2019agriculture oasienne \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque perse dans le sud de l\u2019oasis de Kharga (\u00c9gypte). <\/strong>In: Revue d\u2019ethno\u00e9cologie [En ligne], 4\u00a0|\u00a02013. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Au milieu du premier mill\u00e9naire avant notre \u00e8re, un territoire agricole irrigu\u00e9 fut implant\u00e9 sur le pi\u00e9mont de plusieurs collines du sud de l\u2019oasis de Kharga (Figures 1 et 2), gr\u00e2ce au creusement d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de qan\u00e2ts 1 (Gonon et al. 2005) et de quelques puits. Ce dispositif de collecte de l\u2019eau fossile permet pour la premi\u00e8re fois une occupation humaine permanente et s\u00e9dentaire dans la r\u00e9gion. Plusieurs sites, occup\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00e9poque perse (XXVII e dynastie) \u00e0 la XXX e dynastie, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s au cours de la prospection syst\u00e9matique conduite par l\u2019Ifao sous la direction de Michel Wuttmann depuis 2001 (Figure 2). Une dizaine de petits villages ou de simples groupes de maisons furent b\u00e2tis au bas des pentes des collines, pr\u00e8s des bassins qui collectent l\u2019eau issue des qan\u00e2ts ou des puits. Deux agglom\u00e9rations (\u00e0 \u2019Ayn-Man\u00e2wir et sur la pente nord de tell-Douch) poss\u00e8dent un temple. Les zones cultiv\u00e9es s\u2019\u00e9tendent en aval des bassins, assez pr\u00e8s des habitations. Autant les parcellaires et jardins d\u2019\u00e9poque romaine se lisent facilement dans le paysage actuel, autant les vestiges agricoles dat\u00e9s des \u00e9poques perse et ptol\u00e9ma\u00efque sont plus t\u00e9nus. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fortement perturb\u00e9s par les am\u00e9nagements post\u00e9rieurs, \u00e9rod\u00e9s ou recouverts de s\u00e9diments \u00e9oliens. Il demeure, dans la plupart des cas, possible de restituer leur extension (Figure 2) \u00e0 partir de la topographie des zones propices \u00e0 la culture proches des ouvrages hydrauliques et des habitations. Les r\u00e9seaux de qan\u00e2ts ont connu de nombreuses transformations : les galeries courtes et peu profondes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement allong\u00e9es et approfondies pour suivre l\u2019amoindrissement de la ressource. Certains ouvrages ont fonctionn\u00e9 plus de 700 ans. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 possible de dater des V e et IV e s. AEC, de mani\u00e8re directe, les \u00e9tats premiers de quelques qan\u00e2ts. On peut attribuer d\u2019autres galeries \u00e0 cette phase initiale par restitution \u00e0 partir de quelques \u00e9l\u00e9ments dat\u00e9s des syst\u00e8mes hydrauliques.\" href=\"http:\/\/ethnoecologie.revues.org\/pdf\/1294\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ethnoecologie.revues.org<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>OBIEGBUNA<\/strong> J. E., <strong>AKUBOR<\/strong> P. I., <strong>ISHIWU<\/strong> C. N., <strong>NDIFE<\/strong> J. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Effect of substituting sugar with date palm pulp meal on the physicochemical, organoleptic and storage properties of bread.<\/strong> In: African Journal of Food Science Vol. 7(6), pp. 113-119, June 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/ajfs\/PDF\/Pdf2013\/Jun\/Obiegbuna%20et%20al.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PARIMALA K., SUBRAMANIAN K., MAHALINGA KANNAN S., VIJAYALAKSHMI K. 2013. Seed Storage Techniques. A Primer<\/strong>. In: Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems, Chennai Revitalising Rainfed Agriculture Network. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The Revitalizing Rainfed Agriculture Network (RRAN) is a growing network of civil society organizations, research institutions, policy makers, donors and individuals engaged in evolving a differentiated agricultural policy with enhanced public investments and support system for rainfed areas in India. Based on the vast experience on the ground and analysis of issues, RRA Network is evolving specific propositions on various aspects of rainfed agriculture such as seeds, soils, water, crop systems, millets, livestock, fisheries, credit, markets and institutions. The Comprehensive Pilots (CPs) are part of the RRA Network\u2019s action research programme that seeks to establish evidence and experience on the ground, in support of the various propositions that the Network has developed. In order to offer support for CPs a set of organizations have been identified as Nodes on specific identified themes such as \u2013 seeds, soils, water, millets, fisheries, livestock, credit, markets and institutions.\" href=\"http:\/\/rainfedindia.org\/issues\/images\/Seed%20Storage%20Techniques%20-%20A%20Primer.pdf\">http:\/\/rainfedindia.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PELTIER J.B. 2013. Am\u00e9lioration du syst\u00e8me de pi\u00e9geage. <\/strong>In: INRA, SUPAGRO. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Les pi\u00e8ges am\u00e9lior\u00e9s ayant des ouvertures uniquement lat\u00e9rales sont recouverte de fibres de palmiers (Trachycarpus fortunei) pour faciliter la mont\u00e9e des charan\u00e7ons et emp\u00eacher l\u2019entr\u00e9e d\u2019insectes ou d\u2019animaux non cibl\u00e9s. Une huile v\u00e9g\u00e9tale est dispos\u00e9e au fond du seau afin d\u2019\u00e9viter la putr\u00e9faction, ce qui permet une autonomie de plus de 3 mois m\u00eame par forte chaleur. Un sac contenant environ 500g de palmier ferment\u00e9 remplace les fruits ferment\u00e9s ce qui facilite aussi la maintenance, avec tous les ~45 J, l\u2019ajout de sucre de canne liquide sur les fibres ferment\u00e9es qui permet le red\u00e9marrage de la fermentation sans autre intervention.\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.montpellier.inra.fr\/rhynchophorus\/sources\/index.php?page=rhynchophorus_lutte_pieges_ameliores\">http:\/\/www1.montpellier.inra.fr\/<\/a> Version pdf\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www1.montpellier.inra.fr\/rhynchophorus\/pdf\/rhynchophorus_ferrugineus_pieges_ameliores_peltier_inra_montpellier.pdf\">http:\/\/www1.montpellier.inra.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PEREZ-OTERO R. , MANSILLA\u00a0 J.P., LAMELO R.J. 2013. Primera cita del picudo rojo de las palmeras, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier 1790 (Coleoptera Curculionoidea Dryophthoridae), en Galicia (NO de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica). <\/strong>In: Arquivos E Ntomol\u00f3xicos, 8: 97-101. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Se ha detectado en Galicia el picudo rojo de las palmeras, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier 1790), en una planta de Phoenix canariensis Hortulanorum ex Chabaud 1882 en Gondomar (Pontevedra). \u00c9sta es la primera cita de este insecto en el noroeste de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aegaweb.com\/arquivos_entomoloxicos\/ae08_2013_perez_otero_et_al_picudo_palmeras_rhynchophorus_ferrugineus_galicia.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aegaweb.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RABANI K.<\/strong> S., <strong>SABOKTAKIN R.<\/strong> F., <strong>MIRGHAZANFARI<\/strong> S. M. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Assay of pharmacological features of phoenix Dactylifera in the view of traditional and modern medicine.<\/strong> In: Life Science Journal 2013\u037e10 (7s). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lifesciencesite.com\/lsj\/life1007s\/066_16736life1007s_430_435.pdf\">http:\/\/www.lifesciencesite.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RACH<\/strong> M.M., <strong>GOMIS <\/strong>H.M., <strong>GRANADO <\/strong>O.L., <strong>MALUMBRES <\/strong>M.P., <strong>CAMPOY <\/strong>A.M., <strong>MARTIN\u00a0 <\/strong>J.J.S. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>On the Design of a Bioacoustic Sensor for the Early Detection of the Red Palm Weevil.<\/strong> In: Sensors 2013, 13, 1706-1729. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/2\/1706\/pdf\">http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RAMOS<\/strong>\u00a0 A.P., <strong>CAETANO<\/strong> M.F., <strong>ROCHA<\/strong> M., <strong>BELCHIOR<\/strong> S., <strong>LIMA<\/strong> A. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Pests and diseases theratening urban palms in Portugal.<\/strong> In: 16th European Forum on Urban Forestry. Milano Italy 7-11 may 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.emonfur.eu\/public\/pub_files\/Efuf\/presentazioni\/venerdi\/E4\/Presentation_EFUF_Ramos_et_al.pdf\">http:\/\/www.emonfur.eu\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>REDDY<\/strong> C.S., <strong>VARDHAMAN<\/strong> P. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Evaluation of Phoenix dactylifera fruits for Antiurolithiatic activity. <\/strong>In: Hygeia. J.D. Med. vol.5 (1), April 2013, Page: 135-140. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hygeiajournal.com\/Downloads\/105424010518.Pradeep%20Vardhaman%20FINAL.pdf\">http:\/\/www.hygeiajournal.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RIAHI K., CHAABANE S., BEN THAYER B. 2013. A kinetic modeling study of phosphate adsorption on to Phoenix dactylifera L. date palm fibers in batch mode.<\/strong> In: Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. Available online 17 December 2013. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The removal of phosphates from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto date palm fibers (DPF) has been studied in batch mode. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms that govern phosphate sorption and find an appropriate model for the kinetics of removal. In order to investigate the mechanism of sorption and potential rate controlling steps, pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, intra-particle diffusion and the Elovich equations have been used to test experimental data. Kinetic analysis of the four models has been carried out for initial phosphate concentration in the range of 30\u2013110 mg\/L. The rate constants for the four models have been determined and the correlation coefficients have been calculated in order to assess which model provides the best fit predicted data with experimental results. Seven statistical functions were used to estimate the error deviations between experimental and theoretically predicted kinetic adsorption values, including the average relative error deviation (ARED), Marquardt\u2019s percent standard error deviation (MPSED), the hybrid fractional error function (HYBRID), the sum of the squares of the errors (SSE) and three alternative statistical functions, including the Chi-square test, the F-test and Student\u2019s T-test. The results showed that, both Elovich equation and pseudo second-order equation provide the best fit to experimental data for different initial phosphate concentrations.\" href=\"http:\/\/ac.els-cdn.com\/S1319610313001208\/1-s2.0-S1319610313001208-main.pdf?_tid=a9bcca32-7623-11e3-b172-00000aacb360&amp;acdnat=1388938309_6bd22e0933c0dfee9537880fa85f4bbc\">http:\/\/ac.els-cdn.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RISIQUAT<\/strong> R.O. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Microbiological Assessment Of Date Fruits Purchased From Owode Market, In Offa, Kwara Stat.<\/strong> In: IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology Volume 4, Issue 3 (May. \u2013 Jun. 2013), pp 23-26. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iosrjournals.org\/iosr-jestft\/papers\/vol4-issue3\/D0432326.pdf\">http:\/\/www.iosrjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ROCHAT<\/strong> D., <strong>SCHMIDT-BUESSER <\/strong>D., <strong>COUZI <\/strong>P., <strong>LHERMINIER <\/strong>B., <strong>ROSKAM <\/strong>P., <strong>HAMIDI <\/strong>R., <strong>AVAND-FAGHIH<\/strong> A., <strong>RENOU <\/strong>M. <strong>2013<\/strong>.<strong> Charan\u00e7on rouge du palmier : traits d\u2019\u00e9cologie, comportement olfactif et pi\u00e9geage.<\/strong> In: Palm Pest Mediterranean Conference Nice (France) \u2013 January 16-18, 2013, 16p. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sauvonsnospalmiers.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/2_-_rochat_didier_inra_pp_.pdf\">http:\/\/www.sauvonsnospalmiers.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RUGMAN-JONES P.F., HODDLE C.D., HODDLE M.S., STOUTHAMER R. 2013. The Lesser of Two Weevils: Molecular-Genetics of Pest Palm Weevil Populations Confirm Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Panzer 1798) as a Valid Species Distinct from R. ferrugineus (Olivier 1790), and Reveal the Global Extent of Both.<\/strong> In: PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, No. 10. (15 October 2013). Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The red palm weevil (RPW) is a major pest of palms. It is native to southeast Asia and Melanesia, but in recent decades has vastly expanded its range as the result of multiple accidental anthropogenic introductions into the Middle East, Mediterranean Basin, Caribbean, and U.S.A. Currently regarded as a single species, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), RPW displays remarkable color variation across its range, and consequently has a taxonomic history littered with new species descriptions and synonymization. We compared DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from RPW populations throughout the native and invaded ranges, to investigate the specific status and invasion history of this serious economic pest, and to identify possible common routes of entry. Analyses of COI haplotype data provide conclusive support, corroborated by sequences of additional nuclear gene regions, for the existence of at least two predominantly allopatric species. The true R. ferrugineus is native only to the northern and western parts of continental southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and the Philippines, and is responsible for almost all invasive populations worldwide. In contrast, the second species, which is currently synonymized under R. ferrugineus and should be resurrected under the name R. vulneratus (Panzer), has a more southern distribution across Indonesia, and is responsible for only one invasive population; that in California, U.S.A. The distribution of COI haplotypes is used to discuss the possible existence of further cryptic species, sources and routes of entry of different invasive populations, and the implications of our findings for current control methods.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0078379\">http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SADDIQ A.A., BAWAZIR E. 2013. Antimicrobial Activity of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Pits extractsand its role in reducing side effect of Methyl prednisolone on the someNeurotransmitter content in the Brain, Hormone Testosterone in adulthood.<\/strong> Link: <a title=\"Abstract. The  present  work  was  carried  out  to  study  the  impact  of  date  palm  pits  as  antibacterial activities on two species of pathogenic bacteria (klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli) and its role in reducing side effect of methylprednisolone on the some neurotransmitter content in the brain, hormone testosterone and testclture of male albino rats .Date palm pits is most effective in inhibiting  growth  of  bacteria  as  compared  with  antibiotics due  to  differences  in  resistance  of bacteria  to  anti-tested  materials  due  to  change  in  membrane  permeability  of  cells,  thereby hindering  the  entry  of  enzymes  or  excreted  by  the  change  in  the  chemical  composition  of  the constituent chemical. The results showed that the daily oral administration of pits of date palm caused the maximal increase in NE, DA&amp; GABA content was found in the brain stem after  2 weeks. The daily oral administration of methylprednisolone caused decrease in NE,DA&amp; GABA content was found in the brain stem after 2 weeks. Moreover, the daily oral administration of pits of date palm and methylprednisolone caused increase in NE content was found in the brain stem after 2 weeks. The daily oral administration of pits of date palm and methylprednisolone caused a significant increase in testosterone level in serum blood of male albino rat. From the present results,  it  is  clear  that Effect  of  chronic  oral  administration  of  methylprednisolone and  pits  of data  palm  on testicular of  male  albino  rat caused  recovery effect,  notice  high  sperm  in  some tubules and tubular partial late spermatogenic arrest (spermatide level) is only seen in 10-20% of tubules.The  appropriate  recommendations  in  this  study  to  use  nuclei  dates  Antimicrobial  on klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli than the activity of standard antibiotics and the resultsconcluded that using  intended dates date  palm pits as  a preventive measure  to reduce the  side effects resulting from the use of a drug methylprednisolone on the some neurotransmitter contentin the Brain. Hormone Testosterone and testclture in male albino rats.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kau.edu.sa\/Files\/0009004\/Researches\/62106_33127.pdf\">http:\/\/www.kau.edu.sa\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SADIQ<\/strong> I.S., <strong>IZUAGIE<\/strong> T., <strong>SHUAIBU<\/strong> M., <strong>DOGOYARO<\/strong> A.I., <strong>GARBA<\/strong> A., <strong>ABUBAKAR<\/strong> S. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>The Nutritional Evaluation and Medicinal Value of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera).<\/strong> In: International Journal of Modern Chemistry, 2013, 4(3): 147-154. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/modernscientificpress.com\/Journals\/downloadFile.aspx?H86Z5Noa2iKDNvH\/0wRKWpPDFa7\/+Ktt1yKWUAwRTrSm2qYe0xq0ZwZxN072cXHI\">http:\/\/modernscientificpress.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SAUL <\/strong>H.,<strong> MADELLA <\/strong>M.,<strong> FISCHER <\/strong>A.,<strong> GLYKOU <\/strong>A.,<strong> HARTZ <\/strong>S. et al.<strong> 2013. Phytoliths in Pottery Reveal the Use of Spice in European Prehistoric Cuisine.<\/strong> PLoS ONE 8(8): e70583. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0070583. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0070583\">http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SELIM<\/strong> K., <strong>ABDEL-BARY <\/strong>M., <strong>ISMAAEL <\/strong>O. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Effect Of Irradiation And Heat Treatments On The Quality Characteristics Of Siwi Date Fruit (Phoenix Dactylifera L.). <\/strong>In: AgroLife Scientific Journal \u2013 Volume 1, 2012, 103-111. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/agrolifejournal.usamv.ro\/pdf\/vol1issue1\/Khaled%20SELIM%20104_112.pdf\">http:\/\/agrolifejournal.usamv.ro\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SEMERIA<\/strong> M., <strong>LUCIDO <\/strong>P. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>A Sanremo fatto il punto sul Punteruolo Rosso delle palme. <\/strong>In: Flortecnica, 01\/02\/ 2013, 37-43. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.demetra.net\/wp-content\/files\/Punteruolo_Rosso_Flortecnica.pdf\">http:\/\/www.demetra.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SHABANI F, KUMAR L 2013. Risk Levels of Invasive Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. in Areas Suitable for Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Cultivation under Various Climate Change Projections. <\/strong>In: PLoS ONE 8(12): e83404. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0083404. Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Global climate model outputs involve uncertainties in prediction, which could be reduced by identifying agreements between the output results of different models, covering all assumptions included in each. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. is an invasive pathogen that poses risk to date palm cultivation, among other crops. Therefore, in this study, the future distribution of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., confirmed by CSIRO-Mk3.0 (CS) and MIROC-H (MR) GCMs, was modeled and combined with the future distribution of date palm predicted by the same GCMs, to identify areas suitable for date palm cultivation with different risk levels of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., for 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. Results showed that 40%, 37%, 33% and 28% areas projected to become highly conducive to date palm are under high risk of its lethal fungus, compared with 37%, 39%, 43% and 42% under low risk, for the chosen years respectively. Our study also indicates that areas with marginal risk will be limited to 231, 212, 186 and 172 million hectares by 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. The study further demonstrates that CLIMEX outputs refined by a combination of different GCMs results of different species that have symbiosis or parasite relationship, ensure that the predictions become robust, rather than producing hypothetical findings, limited purely to publication.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0083404;jsessionid=19F52DA7790092D365C51B0A783A0AB7\">http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SHABANI <\/strong>F.,<strong> KUMAR <\/strong>L.,<strong> ESMAEILI <\/strong>A.<strong> 2013. Use of CLIMEX, Land use and Topography to Refine Areas Suitable for Date Palm Cultivation in Spain under Climate Change Scenarios. <\/strong>In: J Earth Sci Clim Change 2013, 4:4. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/2157-7617\/pdfdownload.php?download=2157-7617-4-145.pdf\">http:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SHARABY<\/strong> A., <strong>AL-DHAFAR<\/strong> Z.M. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Successful Laboratory Culture for the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Colioptera Curculionidae) Reared on Semi-artificial Diet<\/strong>. In: Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(5)1-7, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.textroad.com\/pdf\/JBASR\/J.%20Basic.%20Appl.%20Sci.%20Res.,%203%285%291-7,%202013.pdf\">http:\/\/www.textroad.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SOLIMAN <\/strong>S.S,<strong> AL-OBEED <\/strong>R.S.<strong> 2013. Investigations on the pollen morphology of some date palm males (phoenix dactylifera L.).<\/strong> In: Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(9):1355-1360, August 1, 2013. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cropj.com\/soliman_7_9_2013_1355_1360.pdf\">http:\/\/www.cropj.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SOROKER<\/strong> V., <strong>SUMA <\/strong>P., <strong>LA PERGOLA<\/strong> A., <strong>COHEN <\/strong>Y., Y, <strong>ALCHANATIS <\/strong>V., <strong>GOLOMB <\/strong>O., <strong>GOLDSHTEIN <\/strong>E., <strong>HETZRONI <\/strong>A., <strong>GALAZAN <\/strong>L., <strong>KONTODIMAS <\/strong>D., <strong>PONTIKAKOS <\/strong>C., <strong>ZOROVIC <\/strong>M., <strong>BRANDSTETTER <\/strong>M. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Early Detection And Monitoring Of Red Palm Weevil: approaches and challenges. <\/strong>In: Palm Pest Mediterranean Conference Nice (France) \u2013 January 16-18, 2013, 12p. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sauvonsnospalmiers.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/4_-_soroker_victoria.pdf\">http:\/\/www.sauvonsnospalmiers.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SRINIVAS-REDDY <\/strong>C., <strong>VARDHAMAN<\/strong> P. <strong>2013<\/strong>. <strong>Evaluation of Phoenix dactylifera fruits for Antiurolithiatic activity<\/strong>. In: Hygeia .J. D. Med. vol.5 (1), April 2013 P 135-140. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hygeiajournal.com\/Downloads\/162158990118.Pradeep%20Vardhaman%20FINAL.pdf\">http:\/\/www.hygeiajournal.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SUDHERSAN<\/strong> C. <strong>2013<\/strong>.<strong> Date Palm Cultivar Specific Susceptibility To Grater Date Moth Infestation. <\/strong>In: American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 7(1): 32-36, 2013. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/aejsa\/Special%20Issue%202013\/32-36.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>THOMAS R. 2013. Anatomy of the endemic palms of the Near and Middle East. Archaeobotanical perspectives.<\/strong> In: Revue d\u2019ethno\u00e9cologie [En ligne], 4\u00a0|\u00a02013. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Five palm genera are found in the Near and Middle East (Dransfield et al. 2008): Chamaerops, Hyphaene, Medemia, Nannorrhops and Phoenix. All belong to the Coryphoideae subfamily. In these arid regions, where the arborescent vegetation is neither varied nor abundant, palms play an important role in the local economies, as they are well adapted to the dry climatic conditions. One of the most important crops of these regions, the date palm, is found within this family.\" href=\"http:\/\/ethnoecologie.revues.org\/pdf\/1366\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ethnoecologie.revues.org\/pdf\/1366<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>WAN ISMAIL <\/strong>W.I.,<strong> MOHD RADZI <\/strong>M.N.F.<strong> 2013. Evaluation on the Benefits of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) to the Brain.<\/strong> In: Altern Integ Med 2:115. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.esciencecentral.org\/journals\/evaluation-on-the-benefits-of-date-palm-phoenix-dactylifera-to-the-brain-2327-5162.1000115.php?aid=14313\">http:\/\/www.esciencecentral.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>WIJAYANTI L., WAHYUNINGTIYAS N., SUJONO D.T.A., YANI J.A, POS T., ERTASURA P. 2013. Increase blood plateled count the rats male induced by cotrimoksazol after gived kurma fruit (phoenix dactylifera) infusion. <\/strong>In: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Surakarta 2013. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Kurma fruit in empiric is one of the fruits known to be usable to increase plateled. The study was aimed to find the effect of kurma fruit infusion to increase plateled count in male rats induced by cotrimoksazol. This was an experimental study, with the design of the pretest and posttest with control group design. This study involved 25 randomly male rats, aged 2-3 months, with body weight of 200-300 grams, were devided into 5 groups. All rats in negative control group and experimental groups kurma fruit infusion concentrated 10%, 25%, and 50% induced by cotrimoksazol 172,8 mg\/kgBW p.o during 8 days. Whereas normal control group, received aquadest. Effectifity of kurma fruit infusion to increase plateled founded by increase of blood plateled after 3 days receiving kurma fruit infusion in experimental groups after male rats induced by cotrimoksazol and used statistical test One Way ANOVA continued test each groups using the Post Hoc LSD with a confidence level of 95%. The result of study kurma fruit infusion consentrate 10%, 25% and 50% has the ability to increase plateled count in male rats induced by cotrimoksazol with significancy value p&lt;0,05.\" href=\"http:\/\/eprints.ums.ac.id\/26160\/10\/02_Naskah_Publikasi.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eprints.ums.ac.id<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>XIAO <\/strong>Y,<strong> XIA <\/strong>W,<strong> YANG <\/strong>Y,<strong> MASON <\/strong>AS,<strong> LEI <\/strong>X, et al.<strong> 2013. Characterization and Evolution of Conserved Micro RNA through Duplication Events in Date Palm (<em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em>).<\/strong>\u00a0 In: PLoS ONE 8(8): e71435. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0071435. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info:doi\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0071435\">http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>{tab=2012}<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>RECENSION <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>Annals of Botany: Palm Biology 2011<\/strong>. Volume 108 Issue 8 December 2011. Link: <a title=\"Palms (Arecaceae) form one of the most distinctive of all plant families and are emblematic of the tropical regions of the world, in which most of their natural biodiversity is concentrated. According to the most recent estimates, the palm family contains nearly 2500 species. A large number of them are exploited in some way for human purposes; indeed, the Arecaceae have been recognized as being one of the three most important plant families in terms of human usage, along with the Poaceae and the Fabaceae (Balick and Beck, 1990; http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/X0451E\/X0451e04.htm). Although a handful of species such as date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) occupy a particularly high profile, due to their economic importance, many members of the Arecaceae have uses that extend far beyond their natural habitat. From an ecological point of view, palms are omnipresent in the tropical rainforests that form many of the world's biodiversity hotspots. Fossil records date their origins back as far as the early Cretaceous period and provide evidence that the basic bauplan of the Arecaceae was a successful one in evolutionary terms, corroborated by the great biodiversity of the family today. \" href=\"http:\/\/aob.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/108\/8.toc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/aob.oxfordjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Free access online <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABBAS<\/strong> M.F., ABDULWAHID A.H., ABASS K.I. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Effect of pollen parent on certain aspects of fruit development of Hillawi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in relation to levels of endogenous gibberellins. In AAB Bioflux, 2012, Volume 4, Issue 2. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aab.bioflux.com.ro\/2012.42-47.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aab.bioflux.com.ro\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABDELRAHMAN <\/strong>H.A.,\u00a0 S.I. FATHALLA,\u00a0 A.A. MOHAMED,\u00a0 H.K. JUN and\u00a0 D.H. KIM <strong>2012<\/strong>. Protective Effect of Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) And Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Dogs. In: Global Veterinaria 9 (2): 184-191, 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/idosi.org\/gv\/GV9%282%2912\/13.pdf\">http:\/\/idosi.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABDEL-FATTAH<\/strong> M.S., ABDEL-HAMID A. A., ELLAMIE A.M., EL-SHERIEF M.M., ZEDAN M.S. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Growth Rate, Some Plasma Biochemical and Amino Acid Concentrations of Barki Lambs Fed Ground Date Palm at Siwa Oasis, Egypt. In: American-Eurasian J. Agric. &amp; Environ. Sci., 12 (9): 1166-1175, 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/aejaes\/jaes12%289%2912\/9.pdf\">http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABED <\/strong>Imen, Maria PARASCHIV, Khaled LOUBAR, Fethi ZAGROUBA, and Mohand TAZEROUT <strong>2012<\/strong>. Thermogravimetric Investigation and Thermal Conversion Kinetics of Typical North African and Middle Eastern Lignocellulosic Wastes. In: BioResources 7(1), 1200-1220. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncsu.edu\/bioresources\/BioRes_07\/BioRes_07_1_1200_Abed_PLZT_Thermograv_Kinetics_Ligno_Wastes_2401.pdf\">ncsu.edu<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABOREKAB<\/strong> Z.A.M., <strong>KHATER <\/strong>M.S., <strong>MOHAMED <\/strong>A.M. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Effect of Different Laser Wavelength on Callus of Date Palm. In\u00a0: Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(8): 4685-4690, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/jasr\/jasr\/2012\/4685-4690.pdf\">aensiweb.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ABUAGLA<\/strong> AM, <strong>AL-DEEB<\/strong> MA. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Effect of bait quantity and trap color on the trapping efficacy of the pheromone trap for the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. In\u00a0: Journal of Insect Science, 2012, 12:120, 6p. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.insectscience.org\/12.120\/i1536-2442-12-120.pdf\">http:\/\/www.insectscience.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ADEUS 2012. Articulation entre espaces urbains et espaces ruraux. <\/strong>In: Les notes de l\u2019ADEUS: 65 (avril 2012). Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Dans les derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, l\u2019extension urbaine et la consommation des terres agricoles se sont acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9es : environ 350 hectares ont \u00e9t\u00e9 urbanis\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e dans le Bas-Rhin depuis 1976, sans de r\u00e9elles r\u00e9flexions sur l\u2019articulation entre les espaces urbains et les espaces ruraux. La ville et la campagne se tournent le dos et les contraintes de cohabitation sont multiples (pression fonci\u00e8re, difficult\u00e9s d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9, morcellement des exploitations\u2026). Int\u00e9grer et mettre en place une articulation offre un potentiel pour faire face aux enjeux de demaIn: r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, proposer un cadre de vie agr\u00e9able et des loisirs de nature, s\u2019adapter au changement climatique et freiner la perte de biodiversit\u00e9\u2026\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adeus.org\/productions\/les-notes-de-ladeus-ndeg65-territoire-paysage\/files\/note-65_articulation_urbains-ruraux_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.adeus.org<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AKUNNA<\/strong> Godson G., Chia L. SAALU , Oluwaseyi S O. GUNMODEDE, Babatunde OGUNLADE , Ayomide J. BELLO, <strong>2012<\/strong>. Aqueous Extract of Date Fruit (Phoenix Dactylifera) Protects Testis against Atrazine-induced Toxicity in Rat. In: World J Life Sci. and Medical Research 2012; 2(2):100-108. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rrpjournals.com\/wjlsmr\/WJLSMR%202012;2%282%29pg100-108.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rrpjournals.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-ABDOULHADI <\/strong>A., H. A. DINAR, G. EBERT and C. B\u00dcTTNER <strong>2012<\/strong>. Influence of salinity stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll contentin date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars. In: African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(22), pp. 3314-3319, 12 June, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/ajar\/PDF\/pdf2012\/12%20Jun\/Al-Abdulhadi%20et%20al.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-BAHRANY<\/strong> Abdulaziz M. and Jameel M. AL-KHAYRI, <strong>2012<\/strong>. Optimizing\u00a0In vitro\u00a0Cryopreservation of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera\u00a0L.). In: Biotechnology, 11: 59-66. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/scialert.net\/fulltext\/?doi=biotech.2012.59.66\">http:\/\/scialert.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-DAIHAN<\/strong> Sooad and Ramesa Shafi BHAT\u00a0<strong>2012<\/strong>. Antibacterial activities of extracts of leaf, fruit, seed and bark of Phoenix dactylifera. In: African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(42), pp. 10021-10025, 24 May, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/ajb\/PDF\/pdf2012\/24May\/Al-daihan%20and%20Bhat.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-ENEZY<\/strong>, AL-KHAIRI <strong>2012<\/strong>. Effect of X-irrigation on Proline Accumulation, Growth and Water Content of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifgera) Seedlings. In\u00a0: Journal of Biological Sciences, 2012 (1-8). Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/docsdrive.com\/pdfs\/ansinet\/jbs\/0000\/39987-39987.pdf\">http:\/\/docsdrive.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ALHAMMADI M.S., KURUP S.S. 2012<\/strong>. Impact of Salinity Stress on Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) \u2013 A Review, Crop Production Technologies, Dr. Peeyush Sharma (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-787-1, InTech, Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/crop-production-technologies\/impact-of-salinity-stress-on-date-palm-phoenix-dactylifera-l-a-review\">http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-KAHTANI<\/strong> <strong>S.H.,\u00a0 SOLIMAN<\/strong> <strong>S.S. 2012<\/strong>. Effects of organic manures on yield, fruit quality, nutrients and heavy metals content of Barhy date palm cultivar. In: African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(65), pp. 12818-12824, 14 August, 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/AJB\/PDF\/pdf2012\/14Aug\/Al-Kahtani%20and%20Soliman.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ALLAITH <\/strong>Abdulameer A., Safa H. AHMED, Fatima JAFER <strong>2012<\/strong>. Effect of different thermal treatments and freezing on the antioxidant constituents and activity of two Bahraini date cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera\u00a0L.). In: International Journal of Food Science &amp; Technology, Volume 47, Issue 4, pages 783\u2013792, April 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2011.02908.x\/abstract\">http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-MAHMOUD <\/strong>Maryam E.,\u00a0 Eman K. AL-DOUS,\u00a0 Eman\u00a0 K. AL-AZWANI, and Joel A. MALEK <strong>2012<\/strong>. DNA-Based Assays to Distinguish Date Palm (Arecacae) Gender. In: American Journal of Botany: e7\u2013e10. 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amjbot.org\/content\/99\/1\/e7.long\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.amjbot.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-QURASH <\/strong>A.D., M.A. AWAD and\u00a0 M.I. ELSAYED <strong>2012<\/strong>. Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop, Bunch Weight and Fruit Quality of \u2018Rothana\u2019 and \u2018Ghur\u2019 Date Palm Cultivars as Affected by Some Growth Regulators under Hot Arid Conditions. In: American-Eurasian J. Agric. &amp; Environ. Sci., 12 (6): 781-789, 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/idosi.org\/aejaes\/jaes12%286%2912\/15.pdf\">http:\/\/idosi.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-RUBAYE <\/strong>N., D. AL-KHAFAGIY, B. KABALAN, and A. AL-SHAMMAA <strong>2012<\/strong>. Syngas Production from Date Palm Seeds by Using Advanced Microwave Technology. In\u00a0: British Journal of Science 159, February 2012, Vol. 3 (2). Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ajournal.co.uk\/pdfs\/BSvolume3%282%29\/BSVol.3%20%282%29%20Article%2015.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ajournal.co.uk\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-SALMAN <\/strong>H., N. AL-WUSAIBAI, M. AL-HUSSEINI, H.i AL-HAJJI, I.A. ALABDULHADI and A. BEN ABDALLAH <strong>2012<\/strong>. The effect of different leaf\/bunch ratios on yield and fruit physical characteristics of Khlass date palm cultivar. In\u00a0: Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Mar 2012). Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.indjst.org\/March%2012-%20web\/9-mar12abdallah.pdf\">http:\/\/www.indjst.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL SAMARRIE<\/strong> A.I., AKELA A.A. <strong>2011<\/strong>. Distribution of injected pesticides in date palm trees. In Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2011, 2(12): 1416-1426. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/scihub.org\/ABJNA\/PDF\/2011\/12\/ABJNA-2-12-1416-1426.pdf\">http:\/\/scihub.org\/ABJNA\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-SAQER<\/strong> S.M. <strong>2012<\/strong>. A Reliable Identification System for Red Palm Weevil. In\u00a0: American Journal of Applied Sciences 9 (8): 1150-1157, 2012. Link\u00a0: \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/thescipub.com\/pdf\/10.3844\/ajassp.2012.1150.1157\">http:\/\/thescipub.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-SEENI<\/strong> Madeha N. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Minerals Content and Antimicrobial Efficacy of date Extracts against Some Pathogenic Bacteria. In: Life Science Journal 2012;9(2). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lifesciencesite.com\/lsj\/life0902\/075_8719life0902_504_508.pdf\">http:\/\/www.lifesciencesite.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-SHOAIBI <\/strong>Zakaria, Mohamed A. AL-MAMARY, Molham A. AL-HABORI, Adel S. AL-ZUBAIRI and Siddig I. ABDELWAHAB <strong>2012<\/strong>. In vivo Antioxidative and Hepatoprotective Effects of Palm Date Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera). In: International Journal of Pharmacology, Year: 2012 | Volume: 8 | Issue: 3 | Page No 185-191. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/scialert.net\/qredirect.php?doi=ijp.2012.185.191&amp;linkid=pdf\">http:\/\/scialert.net\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-YAHYAI<\/strong>, R. and L. AL-KHARUSI, <strong>2012<\/strong>. Physical and chemical quality attributes of freeze-stored dates. In: Int. J. Agric. Biol., 14: 97\u2013100. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fspublishers.org\/ijab\/past-issues\/IJABVOL_14_NO_1\/14.pdf\">http:\/\/www.fspublishers.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AL-YAHYAI<\/strong> R., AL-KHARUSI L. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Sub-optimal irrigation affects chemical quality attributes of dates during fruit development. In African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(10), pp. 1498-1503, 12 March, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/ajar\/pdf\/pdf2012\/12%20Mar\/Al-Yahyai%20and%20Al-Kharus.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AMMAR <\/strong>H., M. ABID and S. ABID <strong>2012<\/strong>. Cellulose fibers obtained by organosolv process from date palm rachis (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In: <em>IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.<\/em>\u00a028\u00a0(2012). Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/1757-899X\/28\/1\/012002\/pdf\/1757-899X_28_1_012002.pdf\">http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ANJUM,<\/strong> BUKHAT, EL-GHORAB, KHAN, NADEEM, HUSSAIN, ARSHAD <strong>2012<\/strong>. Phytochemical characteristics of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit. PAK. J. FOOD SCI., 22(3), 2012: 117-127. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.psfst.com\/__jpd_fstr\/859fff8f5bc06f0343989f92c7a4e566.pdf\">http:\/\/www.psfst.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ARAFAT<\/strong> K.H, <strong>MOHAMED <\/strong>A.M., <strong>ELSHARABASY <\/strong>S. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Biological Control of Date Palm Root Rots Disease Using Egyptian Isolates of Streptomycetes. In\u00a0: Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 8(2): 224-230, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/rjabs\/rjabs\/2012\/224-230.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aensiweb.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>AZMAT<\/strong> S., ZAHOOR A., IFZAL R., AHMAD V.U., MOHAMMED F.V.\u00a0<strong>2012<\/strong>. A new megastigmane glycoside, phoenixoside A, from Phoenix dactylifera. In: Nat Prod Commun. 2012 Jan;7(1):3-4. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22428228\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BABARIA<\/strong>\u00a0 A.\u00a0 and\u00a0 <strong>VEGDA<\/strong>\u00a0 V.\u00a0 <strong>2012<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ethno-botanical\u00a0 enumeration\u00a0 of\u00a0 angiosperms\u00a0 of\u00a0 Khokhara\u00a0 hills. In: Plant Sciences Feed 2 (7): 106-111. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/psf.lifescifeed.com\/fulltext\/PSF-2012-002-020.pdf\">http:\/\/psf.lifescifeed.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BATTESTI<\/strong> V. <strong>2012<\/strong>. L\u2019agrobiodiversit\u00e9 du dattier (Ph\u0153nix dactylifera L.) dans l\u2019oasis de Siwa. (\u00c9gypte). Entre ce qui se dit, s\u2019\u00e9crit et s\u2019oublie. Version soumise \u00e0 publication \u00e0 Anthropobotanica (Paris\/New York nov. 2012) 42p. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/docs\/00\/75\/57\/84\/PDF\/Agrobiodiversite_du_dattier_Phoenix_dactylifera_dans_oasis_de_Siwa_Egypte-g-Battesti-2012-hal-00707908.pdf\">http:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BELKACEM<\/strong> A.A., SEKOUR M., DOUMANDJI S. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Effectiveness of mesh netting and nest destruction in protection of crops against attack by Spanish sparrow Passer hispaniolensis. In African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(32), pp. 4575-4580, 21 August, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/ajar\/PDF\/pdf2012\/21%20Aug\/Belkacem%20et%20al.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BENEDETTI<\/strong> D. <strong>2012<\/strong>. La granitula de la Santa du Niolu. In\u00a0: Antropologia e Teatro, N\u00b0 3 (2012), 23p. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/antropologiaeteatro.unibo.it\/article\/download\/3144\/2539\">http:\/\/antropologiaeteatro.unibo.it\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BEN-MABROUK<\/strong> Aymen <strong>2012<\/strong>. Elaboration\u00a0 de\u00a0 nanocomposites\u00a0 a\u00a0 base\u00a0 de whiskers cellulose et de polym\u00e8re acrylique par polym\u00e9risation in situ. TH\u00c8SE soutenue le 25 juillet 2011, UNIVERSIT\u00c9 DE GRENOBLE, 226 p. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/tel.archives-ouvertes.fr\/docs\/00\/72\/18\/13\/PDF\/BEN_-_MABROUK_-_-_Aymen_-_-_2011_-_-_archivage.pdf\">http:\/\/tel.archives-ouvertes.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BOKHARI<\/strong> Najat\u00a0A. and Kahkashan PERVEEN. <strong>2012<\/strong>. <em>In vitro<\/em>\u00a0inhibition potential of\u00a0<em>Phoenix dactylifera <\/em>L. extracts on the growth of pathogenic fungi. In\u00a0: Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(6), pp.\u00a01083\u20131088, 16 February, 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/jmpr\/PDF\/pdf2012\/16Feb\/Bokhari%20and%20Perveen.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BODIAN <\/strong>Amy, Mohamed Aziz EL HOUMAIZI, Khadidiatou NDOYE NDIR, Amina HASNAOUI, Marion NACHTIGALL, Peter WEHLING <strong>2012<\/strong>. Genetic diversity analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars from Figuig oasis (Morocco) using SSR markers. In: International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 2 (3) March 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ijsat.com\/pdf.php?pdf_id=378.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ijsat.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>CASTELLANA<\/strong> Robert, <strong>2012<\/strong>. Phoenix theophrasti. Les antiques palmeraies de la Mer Eg\u00e9e. In: Desmos, Revue franco-hell\u00e9nique, Paris janvier 2012. 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Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/idosi.org\/jhsop\/4%282%2912\/9.pdf\">http:\/\/idosi.org\/jhsop\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EL-GAID <\/strong>M.A. Abd and Dalia M.T. NASSEF <strong>2012<\/strong>. Using Date Palm Leaves Compost (DPLC) For Growing Some Vegetable Crops Transplants. In: Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 8(1): 63-67, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aensionline.com\/rjabs\/rjabs\/2012\/63-67.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aensionline.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ELLIOTT<\/strong> M. L. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Fusarium Wilt of Canary Island Date Palm. In University of Florida, IFAS Extension\u00a0: 2-5. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/edis.ifas.ufl.edu\/pdffiles\/pp\/pp13900.pdf\">http:\/\/edis.ifas.ufl.edu\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ELMEER <\/strong>Khaled, Imene MATTAT <strong>2012<\/strong>. Marker-assisted sex differentiation in date palm using simple sequence repeats. In: 3 Biotech, 7p. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/u80h76wg4506tq28\/fulltext.pdf\">http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>EL-SHARNOUBY <\/strong>Gamal A., Salah M. ALEID, Mutlaq M. AL-OTAIBI. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Nutritional Quality of Biscuit Supplemented with Wheat Bran and Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.)\u00a0. In: Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2012, 3, 322-328. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=17961\">www.scirp.org\/journal\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>FANG<\/strong> Y., WU H., ZHANG T., YANG M., YIN Y., PAN L., YU X., ZHANG X., HU S., AL-MSSALLEM I.S., YU J. <strong>2012<\/strong>. A Complete Sequence and Transcriptomic Analyses of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Mitochondrial Genome. In: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37164. Epub 2012 May 24. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3360038\/?tool=pubmed\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>FARAG <\/strong>K.M.,\u00a0 A.S. ELSABAGH and\u00a0 H.A. ELASHRY <strong>2012<\/strong>. Fruit Characteristics of \u00ab\u00a0Zaghloul\u00a0\u00bb Date Palm in Relation to Metaxenic Influences of Used Pollinator. In: American-Eurasian J. Agric. &amp; Environ. Sci., 12 (7): 842-855, 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/idosi.org\/aejaes\/jaes12%287%2912\/2.pdf\">http:\/\/idosi.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>FERRY M, GOMEZ S 2012. Charan\u00e7on rouge des palmiers, mises au point sur la lutte. <\/strong>In Phytoma, 658 , p. 38-41 Nov 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fousdepalmiers.com\/medias\/files\/palmiers-phytomat.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fousdepalmiers.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>FERRY<\/strong> Michel, GOMEZ Susi <strong>2012<\/strong>. Mise au point sur le charan\u00e7on rouge des palmiers. In: sauvonsnospalmiers, juillet 2012, 5p. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sauvonsnospalmiers.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/note_mf_07_12-2.pdf\">http:\/\/www.sauvonsnospalmiers.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>FOROUZAN<\/strong> S., <strong>RAHIMIRAD <\/strong>A., <strong>BANAFSHECHIN <\/strong>E. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Survey of Iranian Date Palm Concentrate Chemical Characteristics. In\u00a0: Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 12 (7): 1009-1011, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/mejsr\/mejsr12%287%2912\/16.pdf\">http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>FREDON Paca 2012<\/strong>. RAVAGEURS DES PALMIERS Charan\u00e7on Rouge (Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus) Papillon Palmivore (Paysandisia Archon). Mise \u00e0 jour : JUILLET 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/draaf.paca.agriculture.gouv.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/g7516_cle0741ba-1.pdf\">http:\/\/draaf.paca.agriculture.gouv.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GANBI <\/strong>Hend Hassan Ali, <strong>2012<\/strong>. Production of Nutritious High Quality Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Fruits Syrup (Dibs) by using some Novel Technological Approaches. In: Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(3): 1524-1538, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aensionline.com\/jasr\/jasr\/2012\/1524-1538.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aensionline.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GARCIA-ORTUNO<\/strong> T., FERRANDEZ-GARCIA MT., ANDREU-RODRIGUEZ J., FERRANDEZ-GARCIA CE., FERRANDEZ-VILLENA M. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Valorization of Pruning Residues. The Use of Phoenix canariensis to Elaborate Eco-Friendly Particleboards. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/cirg.ageng2012.org\/images\/fotosg\/tabla_137_C1206.pdf\">http:\/\/cirg.ageng2012.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GIOVINO<\/strong> A., <strong>SCIBETTA <\/strong>S., <strong>GUGLIUZZA <\/strong>G., <strong>LONGO <\/strong>S., <strong>SUMA <\/strong>P., <strong>LA MANTIA<\/strong> T. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Atacks Of Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus Olivier Coleoptera Curculionidae On Natural Specimens Of Dwarf fan Palm Chamaerops Humilis L. Arecaceae In Sicily. In\u00a0: Naturalista sicil., S. IV, XXXVI (3), 2012, pp. 427-433. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sssn.it\/PDF\/PDF%20NS%2036\/427-434.pdf\">http:\/\/www.sssn.it\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GREEN SYSTEM PAKISTAN 2012.<\/strong> Pioneer In Date Palm And Seedless Plants Import Plant Tissue Culture Biotechnologies. Khrak Singh Depalpur Distt. Okara Punjab, Pakistan, 27 p. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/gspakistan.com\/pdf\/brochure-dates.pdf\">http:\/\/gspakistan.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAFEZ <\/strong>Omaima, M., Malaka, A. SALEH and M.M. NAGUIB <strong>2012<\/strong>. Quality Improvement And Storability Of Some Date Palm Cultivars By Safe Postharvest Treatments. In: Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(3): 542-550, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.insipub.com\/ajbas\/2012\/March\/542-550.pdf\">http:\/\/www.insipub.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAIDER<\/strong> N., NABULSI I.,MIR-ALI N. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Phylogenetic relationships among date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars in Syria using RAPD and ISSR markers. In Journal of Plant Biology Research\u00a0 2012, 1(2): 12-24. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.inast.org\/issue%2002%202012\/010212AP.pdf\">http:\/\/www.inast.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAMEED <\/strong>Muhammed Abdulrazzaq <strong>2012<\/strong>. Inflorescence rot disease of date palm caused by Fusarium proliferatum in Southern Iraq. In: African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(35), pp. 8616-8621, 1 May, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/academicjournals.org\/ajb\/PDF\/pdf2012\/1May\/Hameed.pdf\">http:\/\/academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HAMZA<\/strong> H., BENABDERRAHIM M.A., ELBEKKAY M., FERDAOUS G., TRIKI T., FERCHICHI A. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Investigation of genetic variation in Tunisian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using ISSR marker systems and their relation with fruit characteristics. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.tubitak.gov.tr\/biology\/issues\/biy-12-36-4\/biy-36-4-10-1107-12.pdf\">http:\/\/journals.tubitak.gov.tr\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>HASSAN <\/strong>Wafaa A.; Akram M. EL-KASHLAN and Noha A. EHSSAN <strong>2012<\/strong>. Egyptian Date Palm Pollen Ameliorates Testicular Dysfunction Induced by Cadmium Chloride in Adult Male Rats. In\u00a0: Journal of American Science, 2012;8(4). 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In: International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science (ISSN: 2251-0044) Vol. 2(9) pp. 390-394, September 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sustech.edu\/staff_publications\/20120924114741171.pdf\">http:\/\/www.sustech.edu\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>JAIN<\/strong> S.. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Date palm biotechnology: Current status and prospective \u2013 an overview. In Emir. J. Food Agric. 2012. 24 (5): 386-399. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/ejfa.info\/index.php\/ejfa\/article\/viewFile\/13496\/6843\">http:\/\/ejfa.info\/index.php\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KABIRIFARD<\/strong> A., <strong>FAZAELI <\/strong>A., <strong>KAFILZADEH<\/strong> H.F. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Comparison of growth rate of four Pleurotus fungi species on wheat straw and date palm leaf substrates. In: Mal. J. Anim. Sci. 15:55-63 (2012). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msap.my\/mjas15\/7-Fazaeli.pdf\">http:\/\/www.msap.my\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KALANTARIPOUR<\/strong> T.P., ASADI-SHEKAARI M., BASIRI M. and GHOLAAMHOSSEININA-NAJAR A. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Cerebroprotective Effect of Date Seed Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) on Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Male Rats. In: Journal of Biological Sciences, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/docsdrive.com\/pdfs\/ansinet\/jbs\/0000\/39878-39878.pdf\">http:\/\/docsdrive.com\/pdfs\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KASSEM <\/strong>H.A. <strong>2012<\/strong>. The response of date palm to calcareous soil fertilisation. In: Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2012, 12 (1), 45-58. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jsspn.cl\/volume12\/vol12%281%2945-58.pdf\">http:\/\/www.jsspn.cl\/volume12\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KHAN <\/strong>Asifullah, Ishtiaq A. KHAN, Berthold HEINZE, M. KAMRAN AZIM . <strong>2012<\/strong>. The Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. \u2018Aseel\u2019). In: Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, June 2012, Volume 30, Issue 3, pp 666-678. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/rd.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11105-011-0373-7#page-1\">http:\/\/rd.springer.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KHAN<\/strong> SU, GURLEY ES, HOSSAIN MJ, NAHAR N, SHARKER-MAY, et al. <strong>2012<\/strong>. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Interventions to Impede Date Palm Sap Contamination by Bats to Prevent Nipah Virus Transmission in Bangladesh. In: PLoS ONE 7(8): e42689. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0042689\u00a0, August 8, 2012 7 p. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0042689\">http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0042689<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>KRIAA<\/strong> W., SGHAIER-HAMMAMI B., MASMOUDI-ALLOUCHE F., BENJEMAA-MASMOUDI R., DRIRA N. <strong>2012<\/strong>. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation using completely mature female flowers. In: C R Biol.\u00a02012 Mar;335(3):194-204. Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Tunisia. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22464427\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LATIFIAN<\/strong> M. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Voracity and feeding preferences of larvae and adult stages of Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on larvae and adult of Oligonychus afrasiaticus McGregor (Acarina: Tetranychidae). In: International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. Vol., 4 (9), 540-546-2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/540-546.pdf\">http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LATIFIAN<\/strong> M., RAHKHODAEI E. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Development of a novel bioassay for evaluating of the infectivity and between generation transmission effects of entomopathogenic fungi Beauvaria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuilleminon on population of Sawtoothed Beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis l.) fed on Date palm cultivars. In\u00a0: Int J Agri Crop Sci. Vol., 4 (12), 811-817, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/811-817.pdf\">http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LATIFIAN<\/strong> M., RAHNAMA A.A., SHARIFNEZHAD H. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Effects of planting pattern on major date palm pests and diseases injury severity. In: Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol., 4 (19), 1443-1451, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/1443-1451.pdf\">http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MANICKAVASAGAN <\/strong>A., M. Mohamed ESSA, E. SUKUMAR (Ed). <strong>2012<\/strong>. Dates. Production, Processing, Food, And Medicinal Values. Published by CRC Press. 2012. \u2013 442 pages. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.taylorandfrancis.com\/books\/details\/9781439849453\/\">http:\/\/www.taylorandfrancis.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MANSOUR<\/strong>, A.E.M., MOHAMED, A.Y., AHMED, F.F. and EISSA, R.A.R. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Benefits of Intercropping Samany Date Palms with Some Fruit Crops. In\u00a0: Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(4): 2045-2049, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aensionline.com\/jasr\/jasr\/2012\/2045-2049.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aensionline.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MAZAHRIH <\/strong>Naem Th.,\u00a0 Yasin AL-ZU\u2019BI,\u00a0 Hany GHNAIM,\u00a0 Lottfy LABABDEH, Mona GHANANEEM and\u00a0 Hesham Abu AHMADEH <strong>2012<\/strong>. Determination Actual Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of Date Palm Trees (Phoenix dactylifera) in the Jordan Valley. In\u00a0: Am-Euras. J. Agric. &amp; Environ. Sci., 12 (4): 434-443, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/aejaes\/jaes12%284%2912\/4.pdf\">http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MAZRI<\/strong> M.A. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Effect of Liquid Media and In Vitro Pre-acclimatization Stage on Shoot Elongation and Acclimatization of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Najda. In\u00a0: Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 2 (4): 225-231, December, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jornamental.com\/2%284%29\/JOHPDecember2012P225.pdf\">http:\/\/www.jornamental.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>METWALY <\/strong>Mahmoud S., Mohamed A. DKHILand Saleh AL-QURAISHY. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Role of <em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em> in ameliorating <em>Eimeria papillata<\/em>-induced hepatic injury in mice. In: Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(15), pp. 3041-3047, 23 April, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/jmpr\/PDF\/pdf2012\/23Apr\/Metwaly%20et%20al.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MIRGHANI <\/strong>Mohamed E.S., Abdullah AL-MAMUN, Jamal I. DAOUD and Simma Mahirah MUSTAFA <strong>2012<\/strong>. Processing Of Date Palm Kernel (Dpk) For Production Of Edible Jam. In: Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(1): 22-29, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.insipub.com\/ajbas\/2012\/January\/22-29.pdf\">http:\/\/www.insipub.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MRABET<\/strong> A., RODRIGUEZ-ARCOS R., GUILLEN-BEJARANO R., CHAIRA N., FERCHICHI A.,\u00a0JIMENEZ-ARAUJO A. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Dietary fiber from Tunisian common date cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.): chemical composition, functional properties, and antioxidant capacity. In: J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Apr 11;60(14):3658-64. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22443221\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NAJIB<\/strong> H., <strong>AL-YOUSEF<\/strong> Y.M. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Effect of Enzymatic Treatment of Saudi Date Pits on Performance of Single Comb White Leghorn Hens and the Fatty Acid Profile of Their Eggs. In\u00a0: International Journal of Poultry Science 11 (10): 624-629, 2012. 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Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.insipub.com\/ajbas\/2012\/March\/542-550.pdf\">http:\/\/www.insipub.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>OMAR<\/strong>, A.A., <strong>SHANAWANY<\/strong> M.M., <strong>ISMAIL<\/strong> A.A.A. and <strong>MOHSEN<\/strong> M.K., <strong>2012<\/strong>. The effect of palm pollens grains and date extracts on the spermatogenic activity of male guinea pigs. In: Second Symposium on date palms, 433-436. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dprckfu.com\/seminarfiles\/117.pdf\">http:\/\/www.dprckfu.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ONUH <\/strong>SN., EO. UKAEJIOFO, PU. ACHUKWU, SA. UFELLE, CN. OKWUOSA, CJ. CHUKWUKA. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Haemopoietic activity and effect of Crude Fruit Extract of Phoenix dactylifera on Peripheral Blood Parameters. In: Int J Biol Med Res. 2012; 3(2): 1720-1723 Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biomedscidirect.com\/journalfiles\/IJBMRF2011470\/haemopoietic_activity_and_effect_of_crude_fruit_extract_of_phoenix_dactylifera_on_peripheral_blood_parameters.pdf\">http:\/\/www.biomedscidirect.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ONYINYE-CHINELO<\/strong> Aguzue, Akanji FAUSAT TEMILOLA, Tafida MUAZU ABUBAKAR, Kama, MUHAMMED JAMAL and Abdulahi SURAJO HABIBU. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Comparative chemical constituents of some desert fruits in Northern Nigeria. In: Scholars Research Library, Archives of Applied Science Research, 2012, 4 (2):1061-1064. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/scholarsresearchlibrary.com\/aasr-vol4-iss2\/AASR-2012-4-2-1061-1064.pdf\">http:\/\/scholarsresearchlibrary.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PARANTHAMAN<\/strong>\u00a0 R.,\u00a0 PRAVEEN\u00a0 KUMAR\u00a0 P.,\u00a0 KUMARAVEL\u00a0 S.,\u00a0 <strong>2012<\/strong>. HPLC\u00a0 and HPTLC Determination of Caffeine in Raw and Roasted Date Seeds (Phoenix Dactylifera L). In\u00a0Scientific Reports, 2012, 1 (4): 1-4. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/scientific-reports\/2157-7064-SR249.pdf\">http:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PEGNA<\/strong> F.G., BATTAGLIA M., BERGESIO C. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Italian machinery and equipment for date palm field operations. University of Florence, Cooperation Project Improvement and Valorisation of Date Palm in Al Jufrah Oasis (Lybia), 61p. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.deistaf.unifi.it\/upload\/sub\/attivita_ricerca\/Italian.pdf\">http:\/\/www.deistaf.unifi.it\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PERRIN C. (dir.) 2012. Le barom\u00e8tre de la nature. PACA, une biodiversit\u00e9 d&rsquo;exception. <\/strong>In: Terre Sauvage. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Du Mercantour \u00e0 la Camargue, en passant par les calanques, cette r\u00e9gion abrite une mosa\u00efque de paysages presque unique en France. De nombreuses esp\u00e8ces animales et v\u00e9g\u00e9tales y vivent, dont certaines, nulle part ailleurs. Comment se porte cette nature? Est-elle suffisamment prot\u00e9g\u00e9e? Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, un bilan complet a \u00e9t\u00e9 dress\u00e9 dans le cadre de la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019Observatoire r\u00e9gional de la biodiversit\u00e9.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.terre-sauvage.com\/pdf\/barometre\/barometre-nature-paca.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">terre-sauvage.com<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PERVEEN <\/strong>Kahkashan, Najat A. BOKHARI and Dina A. W. SOLIMAN. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Antibacterial activity of\u00a0<em>Phoenix dactylifera<\/em>\u00a0L. leaf and pit extracts against selected Gram negative and Gram positive pathogenic bacteria. In: Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(2), pp.\u00a0296\u2013300, 16 January, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/jmpr\/PDF\/pdf2012\/16Jan\/Perveen%20et%20al.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PIGNATTA<\/strong> G.C. (a cura di) <strong>2012<\/strong>. Le Passeggiate degli Inglesi e i Sette Mulini Scomparsi. In Paize Autu, 2012, 5(10)\u00a0: 4-5. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?attachment_id=4527\">www.listephoenix.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>QURESHI <\/strong>Abdul Sattar, BHUTTO Muhammad Aqeel, CHISTI Yusuf, KHUSHK Imrana, DAHOT Muhammad Umar and BANO Safia <strong>2012<\/strong>. Production of pectinase by Bacillus subtilis EFRL 01 in a date syrup medium. In: African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(62), pp. 12563-12570, 2 August, 2012. 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Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/1666-1671.pdf\">http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>REGIONE TOSCANA<\/strong> <strong>2012<\/strong>. Servizio Fitosanitario Regionale\u00a0: Piano d\u2019Azione Regionale per contrastare l\u2019introduzione e la diffusione del Rhynchophorus ferrugineus \u2013 Punteruolo rosso della palma in TOSCANA. Aprile 2012, 19p. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.regione.toscana.it\/regione\/multimedia\/RT\/documents\/2012\/05\/07\/7384ef0f25cf279832939ac7634ed699_ad01407100412a1.pdf\">http:\/\/www.regione.toscana.it\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SADEGHI<\/strong>, <strong>BANIAMERI<\/strong>, <strong>MAROUF<\/strong> <strong>2012<\/strong>. Oviposition Behaviour of Goniozus swirskiana (Hymenoptera Bethylidae Bethylinae) A Parasitoid of Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick From The Warmest Desert of Iran. In\u00a0: World Applied Sciences Journal 20 (11): 1493-1498, 2012. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/wasj\/wasj20%2811%2912\/9.pdf\">http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SADIK<\/strong> M.W, ELASHHAB A.O.M., ZAHRAN M.K. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Application of date palm trees mulch as a bedding material for dry heifers in Saudi Arabia. In Journal of Environmental Science and Water Resources, Vol. 1(8), pp. 202 \u2013 206, September 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org\/JESWR\/Pdf\/2012\/September\/Sadik%20et%20al.pdf\">http:\/\/www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SAKR <\/strong>Mohamed M., Wael M. HASSAN, Isam M. Abu ZEID, Abdel-Rahman E. HASSAN, Abd-Elghany E. BAZ <strong>2012<\/strong>. The Application of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in the Classification of Egyptian Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) Cultivars. 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In: International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science (ISSN: 2251-0044) Vol. 2(8) pp. 370-376, August 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/interesjournals.org\/IRJAS\/Pdf\/2012\/August\/Sallam%20et%20al.pdf\">http:\/\/interesjournals.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SANE <\/strong>Djibril, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique ABERLENC-BERTOSSI, L\u00e9opold Ibrahima Djitiningo DIATTA, Badara GUEYE, Abdourahman DAHER, Maurice SAGNA, Yves DUVAL, and Alain BORGEL, <strong>2012<\/strong>. Influence of Growth Regulators on Callogenesis and Somatic Embryo Development in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Sahelian Cultivars. In: The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2012 (2012), 8 pages. Link : <a href=\"http:\/\/downloads.tswj.com\/2012\/837395.pdf\">http:\/\/downloads.tswj.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SEGUY <\/strong>G\u00e9rard <strong>2012<\/strong> (r\u00e9\u00e9d.). Les puits art\u00e9siens de l&rsquo;Oued R&rsquo;hir (Touggourt). In: CDHA , M\u00e9moire vive, 51, 5p. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alger-roi.fr\/Alger\/cdha\/textes\/30_sahara_lpuits_artesiens_cdha_51.htm\">http:\/\/www.alger-roi.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SHAR <\/strong>Muhammad Usman, Maqsood Anwar\u00a0 RUSTAMANI,\u00a0 Shafi\u00a0 Muhammad\u00a0 NIZAMANI, Abdul Sattar BURIRO, Liaquat Ali BHUTTO\u00a0 and Abdul Mubeen LODHI <strong>2012<\/strong>. Evaluation\u00a0 of\u00a0 Different\u00a0 Date\u00a0 Palm\u00a0 Varieties\u00a0 and\u00a0 Pheromone\u00a0 Traps Against Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) in Sindh. In: Journal of Basic &amp; Applied Sciences, 2012, 8, 1-5. 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Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/1196-1204.pdf\">http:\/\/ijagcs.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SHERIMON <\/strong>P.C, Reshmy KRISHNAN, VINU.P.V <strong>2012<\/strong>. Knowledge Sharing using Ontology-A Date Palm Model. In: International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2012 ISSN: 2277 128X. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ijarcsse.com\/docs\/papers\/March2012\/volume_2_Issue_3\/V2I300114.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ijarcsse.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SINGH<\/strong>, V., GUIZANI, N., ESSA, M.M., HAKKIM, F.L., and RAHMAN, M.S. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Comparative\u00a0 analysis\u00a0 of\u00a0 total\u00a0 phenolics,\u00a0 flavonoid\u00a0 content\u00a0 and antioxidant profile of different date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Sultanate of Oman. In: International Food Research Journal 19 (3): 1063-1070 (2012). Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/19%20%2803%29%202012\/%2838%29%20IFRJ%2019%20%2803%29%202012%20Eassa%20Oman.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>SULIEMAN<\/strong> A., ELHAFISE I., ABDELRAHIM A., <strong>2012<\/strong>. Comparative Study on Five Sudanese Date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Fruit Cultivars. In Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 9, 2012, pp. 1245-1251. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=22292\">http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>TERRAL J.F, NEWTON C., IVORRA S., GROS-BALTHAZARD M., DE MORAIS C.T., PICQ S., TENGBERG M., PINTAUD J.C. 2012. Insights into the historical biogeography of the date palm using geometric morphometry of seeds. <\/strong>In: Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2012) 39, 929\u2013941. Link: <a title=\"ABSTRACT. Aim The main purpose of this work is to understand the origin, history, historical biogeography and mechanisms of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) domestication. Location Seeds of uncultivated Phoenix individuals from isolated Oman populations, cultivated date palm varieties of various geographical origins and other related Phoenix species were analysed. Additionally, well-preserved seeds from Egyptian archaeological sites (14th century bc to 8th century ad ) were compared with the morphometric reference model based on the analysis of modern material. Methods Elliptic Fourier transforms (EFT), a morphometric method applied to shape outline analysis, were used to characterize seed shape and to quantify morphological diversity in P. dactylifera and related species. Results Analysis of seed outlines by EFT (1) showed that P. dactylifera can be differentiated from other Phoenix species and (2) enabled the quanti\ufb01cation of patterns of shape differentiation in the genus Phoenix at different taxonomic, geographical and chronological levels. Date palm agrobiodiversity, partitioned in distinct morphotypes, appeared to be complex in terms of geographical structure. Allocation of archaeological seeds to different modern Phoenix forms and date palm morphotypes allowed us to reveal ancient forms consumed and\/or exploited in Egypt and \ufb01nally to determine spatial and temporal changes in agrobiodiversity. Main conclusions Based on the morphological diversity quanti\ufb01ed in P. dactylifera and related species, we characterized ancestral seed shape features present in uncultivated populations. The geographical distribution pattern of seed shapes points to human dispersal routes that spread cultivation from one or more initial \u2018domestication centres\u2019. Finally, this work provides a powerful tool to identify ancient forms as demonstrated by the analysis of well-preserved Egyptian archaeological seeds, dating from the 14th century bc to the 8th century ad . Results open new and fascinating perspectives on the investigation of the origins and chrono-geographical \ufb02uctuation of date palm agrobiodiversity.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jean-Frederic_Terral\/publication\/257770015_Insights_into_the_historical_biogeography_of_the_date_palm_%28Phoenix_dactylifera_L.%29_using_geometric_morphometry_of_modern_and_ancient_seeds\/links\/00463525f6d5d8198f000000.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">researchgate.net\/profile\/Jean-Frederic_Terral<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>VEMBU <\/strong>S., SIVANASAN D. and PRASANNA G. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Effect of Phoenix dactylifera on high fat diet induced obesity. In: Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, 4(1):348-352. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/jocpr.com\/vol4-iss1-2012\/JCPR-2012-4-1-348-352.pdf\">http:\/\/jocpr.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>VIDYASAGAR<\/strong> P.S.P.V. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Biology and managment of Red Palm Weevil in Saudi Arabia. In\u00a0: Un of Florida, IFAS, Center for Tropical Agriculture (CTA), Potential Invasive Pests Workshop, Miami, October 10-14, 2010, 57p. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.conference.ifas.ufl.edu\/TSTAR\/presentations\/Monday\/am\/9%2010am%20P%20Vidyasagar.pdf\">http:\/\/www.conference.ifas.ufl.edu\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ZABAR <\/strong>Ahmed F., BOROWY Andrzej <strong>2012<\/strong>. Cultivation of date palm in Iraq. In: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie \u2013Sklodowska -Lublin \u2013 Polonia, vol. XXII (1) sectio eee 2012 (39-54). Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/wydawnictwo.up.lublin.pl\/annales\/Horticultura\/2012\/05Zabar.pdf\">http:\/\/wydawnictwo.up.lublin.pl\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ZAYAUDDIN<\/strong> M. <strong>2012<\/strong>. Entry of an exotic insect pest of date palm in Punjgur. In\u00a0Earth Talk News Letter 5 (8): 2, 2012. Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.salu.edu.pk\/publications\/newsletter\/e-Talk\/cur\/E-Talk-2012-09.pdf\">http:\/\/www.salu.edu.pk\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>{tab=ED PHOENIX}<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Nous sommes en mesure de publier sur notre site web, toute \u00e9tude consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;acclimatation et du paysage, dans les domaines de la biologie, de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, de la botanique, de l&rsquo;agronomie, du patrimoine, des identit\u00e9s ou des contacts inter-culturels. Les propositions de publications doivent \u00eatre adress\u00e9es <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/passions%2Evegetales@laposte.net\/\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">ici<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #008000;\">. \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BENSALAH <\/strong>Mohamed <strong>2010<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">La palmeraie de GABES<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/BENSALAH-oasis-Gabes-fr.pdf\">BENSALAH 2010<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BENSALAH <\/strong>Mohamed <strong>2010<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Il palmeto di GABES.<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/BENSALAH-oasis-Gabes-it.pdf\">BENSALAH 2010<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BIDEL <\/strong>Flavie <strong>2010<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un outil de ph\u00e9notypage intra- et intersp\u00e9cifique dans le genre Phoenix (Arecaceae) par spectrom\u00e9trie proche infrarouge (SPIR) sur \u00e9chantillons de poudres de feuilles.<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/BIDEL-2010-SPIR.pdf\">BIDEL 2010<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>BOURGUET <\/strong>S. <strong>2013. <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Dynamique de l\u2019hybridation dans le genre <em>Phoenix <\/em>sur la Riviera italienne : caract\u00e9risation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et ph\u00e9notypique.<\/span> Universite de Montpellier, juin 2013, Master Biologie des Plantes et des Micro-organismes, Biotechnologies, Bioproc\u00e9d\u00e9s.\u00a0 Link: <a title=\"Abstract. Le  genre  Phoenix  comprend  14  esp\u00e8ces  interfertiles  et  morphologiquement  tr\u00e8s  proches, distribu\u00e9es  depuis  les  \u00eeles  de  l\u2019Atlantique  jusqu\u2019aux  confins  du  Pacifique  et  \u00e0  travers  les  r\u00e9gions chaudes  de  l\u2019Afrique  et  de  l\u2019Eurasie.  Les  hybrides  se  manifestent  tout  particuli\u00e8rement  dans  les cultures ornementales. La Riviera-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur est un site d\u2019acclimatation historique du genre Phoenix, marqu\u00e9 en particulier par les premi\u00e8res introductions en ext\u00e9rieur de Phoenix canariensis, P. sylvestris, , P. reclinata, et Phoenix dactylifera. A l\u2019heure actuelle, il existe toute une diversit\u00e9 du genre Phoenix dans  les  plantations  ornementales  de  la  r\u00e9gion,  du  fait  des  hybridations  entre  ces  quatre  esp\u00e8ces, produisant  de  nouveaux  ph\u00e9notypes  originaux  et  de  grande  valeur  ornementale.  Outre  l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat historique,  paysager   et   horticole,  ce   ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne   d\u2019hybridation   libre   est   tr\u00e8s   int\u00e9ressant   pour comprendre la dynamique de la diversit\u00e9 dans un complexe d\u2019esp\u00e8ces et en particulier pour mesurer l\u2019influence  des  facteurs  g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques  sur  les  traits  ph\u00e9notypiques.  L\u2019objectif  de  ce  stage  concerne l\u2019analyse (et en partie l\u2019acquisition) de diff\u00e9rents jeux de donn\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques et ph\u00e9notypiques sur un ensemble d\u2019hybrides de Phoenix provenant des jardins municipaux de Sanremo (Italie) et un r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel des  esp\u00e8ces  parentes  g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement  pures.L\u2019analyse  statistique  des  relations  g\u00e9notypes-ph\u00e9notypes contribuera  \u00e0  valider  certaines  m\u00e9thodes  d\u2019identification  ph\u00e9notypique  (morphom\u00e9trie  g\u00e9om\u00e9trique, SPIR) et permettra de caract\u00e9riser les patrons de variation des caract\u00e8res induits par l\u2019hybridation et en particulier de quantifier les distances aux ph\u00e9notypes parentaux sur certains caract\u00e8res.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/BOURGUET-S.-2013-Dynamique-de-l%E2%80%99hybridation-dans-le-genre-Phoenix-sur-la-Riviera-italienne.pdf\">BOURGUET 2013<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>CASTELLANA <\/strong>Robert <strong>1995<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Il fuoco dei Giudei. Feu des Juifs ou feu de Judas.<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/castellana_1995.-Il-fuoco-dei-Giudei.-Feu-des-Juifs-ou-feu-de-Judas.pdf\">Castellana 1995<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>CASTELLANA <\/strong>Robert <strong>2006<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Tourisme, ressources et d\u00e9veloppement au travers de l&rsquo;exemple de la Cote d&rsquo;Azur et de la palmeraie de Bordighera.<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/castellana_2006.Tourisme-ressources-et-developpement-au-travers-de-lexemple-de-la-Cote-dAzur-et-de-la-palmeraie-de-Bordighera.pdf\">Castellana_2006<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>CASTELLANA <\/strong>Robert <strong>2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">La palmeraie historique de Bordighera. Description paysag\u00e8re et patrimoniale.<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/CASTELLANA-2011-Palm-Landscape-La-palmeraie-de-Bordighera.pdf\">Castellana 2011 <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>CASTELLANA R. 2012. <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em>Phoenix theophrasti<\/em>, les antiques palmeraies de la mer \u00c9g\u00e9e<\/span>. Link\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/CASTELLANA-R.-2012.-Phoenix-theophrasti-les-antiques-palmeraies-de-la-mer-\u00c9g\u00e9e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">desmos-grece<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>CASTELLANA <\/strong>Robert, <strong>JAMA <\/strong>Sophie <strong>2012<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Floriculture et parfumerie. Les origines de l\u2019acclimatation v\u00e9g\u00e9tale sur la Cote d\u2019Azur.<\/span> Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/CASTELLANA-JAMA-2012-Etnobotanique-Floriculture-et-parfumerie.pdf\">Castellana Jama 2012 <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>CASTELLANA <\/strong>Robert <strong>2015. <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Les jardins de la Riviera. Une approche socio-botanique.<\/span> Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/CASTELLANA-R.-2015.-Les-jardins-de-la-Riviera.-Une-approche-socio-botanique.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Castellana 2015<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DORE <\/strong>Maria Nevina <strong>2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">La tradition du tressage des palmes en Sardaigne.<\/span> Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/DORE-2001-sardegna-fr.pdf\">DORE 2001<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>DORE <\/strong>Maria Nevina <strong>2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">La tradizione della palma intrecciata in Sardegna.<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/DORE-2011-sardegna-it.pdf\">DORE 2011<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GRACIA I VICENTE<\/strong> Lina, <strong>ORTIZ MAYORDOMO <\/strong>Carlos <strong>2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">El palmeral de Elche.<\/span> Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/GRACIA-ORTIZ-2011-El-palmeral-de-Elche.pdf\">GRACIA ORTIZ 2011 <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>GROS-BALTHAZARD <\/strong>Muriel, Jean-Christophe <strong>PINTAUD <\/strong>et Sabira <strong>ABDOULKADER 2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Le genre Phoenix : distribution et hybridation.<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/GROS-BALTHAZARD-M.-PINTAUD-JC-et-ABDOULKADER-S-2011fr.pdf\">GROS-BALTHAZARD et alii 2011<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LECOUSTRE<\/strong> et alii <strong>2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Protocole de mod\u00e9lisation 3D du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera).<\/span> CIRAD. Version fran\u00e7aise (2011). <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/MOCAF-2011-Protocole-FR.pdf\">Mocaf 2011<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>LECOUSTRE<\/strong> et alii <strong>2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Phasage of the operations of measurements of the palm trees.<\/span> CIRAD. English version (2011). <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/MOCAF-2011-Protocole-EN.pdf\">Mocaf 2011<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>MEMADJI-LE-ALLAH <\/strong>Sophie <strong>2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00c9tude de la mod\u00e9lisation de l&rsquo;architecture des palmes du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.), relations entre les param\u00e8tres caract\u00e9ristiques des morphotypes cultiv\u00e9s en Europe.<\/span> Rapport de stage de Master. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/MEMADJI-LE-ALLAH-2011-Modelisation-architecture-des-palmes.pdf\">MEMADJI-LE-ALLAH 2011 <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>NEWTON <\/strong>Claire, <strong>IVORRA <\/strong>Sarah, <strong>TERRAL <\/strong>Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric <strong>2008<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">De la diversit\u00e9 actuelle aux vestiges arch\u00e9ologiques du dattier: d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019analyse morphom\u00e9trique des graines de dattes.<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/NEWTON-C-IVORRA-S-et-TERRAL-JF-2008fr.pdf\">NEWTON C, IVORRA S et TERRAL JF 2008<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PINTAUD <\/strong>Jean-Christophe <strong>2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">La culture du palmier-dattier dans la moyenne vall\u00e9e de l\u2019Indus (Punjab, Pakistan).<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/PINTAUD-2011-le-dattier-au-Punjab.pdf\">PINTAUD 2011 <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>PINTAUD <\/strong>Jean-Christophe <strong>2012<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ph\u00e9nologie du palmier dattier. MOCAF- Phoenix. Protocoles pour la caract\u00e9risation des cycles v\u00e9g\u00e9tatif et reproducteur \u00e9labor\u00e9s sur le site italien de Sanremo (2008-2011).<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/PINTAUD-2012-phenologie-du-palmier-dattier.pdf\">PINTAUD 2012 <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ZANGO <\/strong>Oumarou <strong>2011<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Etude comparative de l\u2019architecture et de la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l\u2019inflorescence m\u00e2le et femelle du palmier dattier.<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Zango-2011-Palmier-Dattier-Inflos.pdf\">Zango 2011 <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong>ZANGO <\/strong>Oumarou <strong>2012<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Mod\u00e9lisation de l\u2019inflorescence m\u00e2le et femelle du palmier dattier.<\/span> M\u00e9moire de Master II. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?attachment_id=4672\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4672\">zango_2012<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>{\/tabs}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une \u00e9tude datant de 2006 recensait quelques 2465 r\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques relatives au palmier-dattier, publi\u00e9es pour l&rsquo;essentiel depuis 1980. Dix ans plus tard, on compte une&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/?page_id=8633\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">WEBSURWEY<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8633","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8633"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11454,"href":"https:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8633\/revisions\/11454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.listephoenix.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}